Kusvika ikozvino, hapana dzino dzakateedzana inoita kunge ine kure kure kubatana kuUnix, kunze kweiyo pfungwa yekuti Bell Labs yaive imba yekuchengetera nyanzvi. Asi, tiri kuswedera pedyo. Isu takanga tichiisa hwaro hwekunzwisisa kuti sei Unix yakava chiyero chemazuva ano masisitimu anoshanda, uye nei Stallman akaedza uye Linus Torvalds akabudirira mukugadzira sisitimu yekushandisa yakafemerwa nazvo.
Mameseji mazhinji, kodhi uye nzira nyowani dzekutumira
Kubva pakutanga, Humanity yakaona kuti kufambiswa kwemameseji kure kure kwaida kushandura mazwi emutauro wekutaura kuita kodhi. Izvi zvakanga zvakadaro nengoma dzemarudzi eAfrica, mashoko e<em>heliographic evaGiriki, mireza yemauto emugungwa, madotsi nemadheshi eteregirafu, uye masaisai emagetsi erunhare rweGraham Bell. Iwo ekupedzisira akawana kuti kupindira kwevanhu kwaisafanira kutsanangura meseji.
Hunhu hukuru hutsva hwebasa raClaude Shannon hwaive kubatanidza mafomu ese eruzivo mune imwe kodhi, zvisinei negwara. Kusvika parizvino taive nemhando mbiri dzemedia maererano neshoko ripi:
- Wireless: masaini eredhiyo neterevhizheni. (Ehe, ndakanzwa nezve cable TV, zvakare yakavhara redhiyo redhiyo, asi yanga isiri iyo yakajairwa.)
- Netambo: Mharidzo neteregirafu (Madotsi nemadheshi eMorse kodhi) uye runhare (Mafungu emagetsi)
Shannon akafungidzira kuti zvinokwanisika kushandura chero meseji (zvisinei nefomati) kuita imwe uye zero, unganidza izvo uye zero (iyo yaakadaidza mabits), uye nekuwedzera mamwe mabhiti kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvekugamuchira.. Shannon's system yaive yakakodzera kune chero chikuva chekufambisa.
Ngatimboongororai dzimwe nzira itsva dzekutaurirana dzakaonekwa mumakumi emakore akatevera
Microwave links
Dzakanga dziri shongwe dzine nyanga ina dziri pakakwirira uye dziri chinhambwe kubva kune imwe neimwe. Antennas maviri akagashira mafoni, akaatumira kune anodzokorora akaakudza uye akaaburitsa kuburikidza nemamwe maviri antenna akanongedza kune yakatarisana kune vanogamuchira imwe inodzokorora shongwe. Urwu rudzi rworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwaida mutsara wakajeka wekuona mumutsara wakatwasuka pakati peshongwe neshongwe.Mambure, ayo akanga ane shongwe 107 yaiwanikwa anenge makiromita 48 imwe neimwe, yaigona kutumira nhare nokumhanya kwechiedza.
Transatlantic cable.
Sezvineiwo, inotevera kutaurirana feat yaizoenda neimwe nzira. Kana microwave shongwe dzanga dzichitsvaga kutsiva kushandiswa kweiyo coaxial tambo mukufona kwepasi kureba, Chirongwa chaitevera cheBell Laboratories chaive chekutsiva redhiyo netambo yekufona pakati pemakondinendi.
Transatlantic telegraphic communication by cable yanga iripo kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore. Asi, iyeKutaurirana nenzwi kwaida tambo yakakora uye kushandiswa kwevanodzokorora kukudza chiratidzo. Kunyangwe iyo transistor yakagadzirwa neBell Laboratories yaive yatokura zvekuti ishandiswe nemamwe maindasitiri, yanga isati yakura zvakakwana kuvimbisa makumi maviri emakore ekuenderera mberi kwekushanda kwaidiwa kururamisa kudyara kweprojekiti yakabatana pakati peAT&T nehutungamiriri. Post Office (inotarisira kutarisira nharembozha munyika)
Pakupedzisira zvakatemwa kuti kumirisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara pasi pegungwa uye nengozi yekuiswa, tambo yaizofanira kunge yakakora masendimita 3,7 uye kureba makiromita 3621.. Yakanga yakagadzirwa nezvikamu gumi. Pakati paive newaya dzemhangura dzaifukidzwa neruzhowa rwekuvharisa zvichitenderedzwa neruzhowa rwematepi ecopper conductive, dzaive nebasa rekufambisira mashoko. Ipapo kwakauya 10 akaturikidzana edziviriro kubva kumhuka nemamiriro ekunze emugungwa. Yese imwe nhambwe, machubhu anochinjika evacuum akaiswa ayo, pasina kuwedzera ukobvu zvakanyanya, akabvumira chiratidzo kuti chikwidziridzwe kuitira kuti chisadzikisire nedaro. Tambo yekutanga yakaiswa muna 1955 uye yakabata mafoni aibva kuUnited States uye achienda kuEurope. Gore raitevera raizogadzikwa rakafanana pakufona kwaitevera nzira yekumashure.
Kana idzi nzira nyowani dzekutumira mameseji, pamwe neiyo pulse code modulation tekinoroji yandakakurukura mune yapfuura positi yakanga isina kukwana kuwedzera huwandu hwekufona, TASI, acronym yekududzirwa kwezwi nekugoverwa kwenguva, yakaonekwawo. . Chaizvoizvo, sisitimu inobvumira kugovera chiteshi kune vanopfuura mushandisi mumwe, vachiona kana mumwe wavo akanyarara. Nenzira iyi huwandu hwetambo ye transatlantic inogona kupetwa kaviri.
Nehurombo kune AT&T (uye nerombo rakanaka kune linuxeros uye yemahara software) zvese zvaive zvakagadzirira kuti maofficial aise maoko avo.
Mhoro. Zvese izvi zvinyorwa zviduku, zvakanyatsonaka uye zvinonakidza, ndinofunga uye ingori maonero angu akazvininipisa, kuti anogona kuva akareba zvishoma, kwete akareba, asi kwete zvakanyanya kwete zvishoma, handizivi kana muchindinzwisisa. . Ndinovimba uye ndinoshuva kuti iwe uenderere mberi navo uye kunyange kuwedzera ivo kupfuura zvavaifunga pakutanga, semuenzaniso kana iwe wakaronga kugadzira zvinyorwa gumi neshanu, kutaura chimwe chinhu, zvino kana ivo 15, 20 kana 25, nekuti iwe unovaongorora zvakanyanya, iwe. zvinyore iwe zvakanyanya, nezvimwe, nekuti chokwadi chingave chinoshamisa. Makorokoto angu, kana zvinhu zvaitwa zvakanaka unofanira kubvuma. Kwaziwai.
Ndinotenda nemhinduro yako uye ndichatora mazano ako.