Zonke izimfihlo zokucindezelwa ku-GNU / Linux

Sibuyela enkingeni ejwayelekile eba yinzuzo kwabaningi abasebenzisi abaphambili be-GNU / Linux futhi kuyinombolo enkulu yezinye izindlela noma amathuba akhona. Lokhu kwabangenalwazi kakhulu kungaba yinkinga lapho ungazi kahle ukuthi iyiphi ongayikhetha, kepha njengoba ngishilo, ukuba namathuba amaningi noma ukuguquguquka kwezinto akuyona neze into embi, okuphambene nalokho. Kulokhu sizokhuluma nge- izindlela zokucindezela nokuncipha kokuncipha ezikhona epulatifomu yethu esiyithandayo ukuze uzibone ngenye indlela hhayi njengobuxhakaxhaka obukhulu ngokungazi ukuthi iyiphi inketho enhle kakhulu ecaleni lakho ...

Iqiniso ukuthi awekho amathuluzi kuphela asetshenziswe njengetha esingadala ngawo amaphakheji angangezwa nohlobo oluthile lokucindezelwa njengoba sijwayele ukubona ku ama-tarballs adumile esivele sikhulume ngayo I-LxA ezikhathini eziningi. Sizophinde sithole okuhlukile kwamathuluzi amancane futhi ajwayelekile afana ne-grep ukusesha ngaphakathi kwamafayela acindezelwe njenge-bzfgrep, noma amanye afana nokuncane nokuningi okunezinhlobonhlobo zawo zamafayela acindezelwe njenge-bzless ne-bzmore. Ukubabona bonke kufanele sibheke kokukhishwa komyalo olandelayo:

apropos compress

Ama-algorithms nokuhlolwa:

Phakathi kwakho konke ubuchule obuphezulu ukuminyaniswa okungalahleki okutholakala ku-Linux ukucindezela nokudicilela phansi idatha sinezinketho eziningi. Ukuthola ubufakazi besikhathi esithathayo ukucindezela nge-algorithm eyodwa noma enye ye-compression noma ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuyicindezela, ngiphakamisa ukuthi nawe uzihlole. Ungawusebenzisa umyalo wesikhathi walokho, okuzokunikeza isikhathi esithathiwe ngenqubo yokuminyanisa nokwehlisa amandla. Isibonelo, uma uzosebenzisa ithuluzi le-Zip ukucindezela ifayela elibizwa nge-test:

time zip prueba.zip prueba

Lokho kuzolahla isikhathi esisetshenzisiwe, kepha uma ufuna ukubona usayizi wefayela elenziweUngazama ukucindezela ifayili elifanayo ngamasu we-algorithms ahlukene kanye namathuluzi wokucindezela futhi uma usunawo wonke amafayela acindezelwe enkombeni enomyalo olula wohlu, hlola usayizi ngamunye:

ls -l

Uma ukhetha, ungasebenzisa futhi amanye amathuluzi ukuqhathanisa amafayela acindezelwe, ngokwesibonelo ngokuhluka okuthile kwethuluzi le-diff:

xzdiff [opciones] fichero1 fichero2

lzdiff [opciones] fichero 1 fichero2

Uma ufuna ukubona amagrafu ngosayizi nangejubane lama-algorithms, ungavakashela lesi esinye isixhumanisi.

Amathuluzi okucindezela:

Kepha amathuluzi atholakalayo sinezinto eziningi zazo, ezinye ezinesibonisi sokuqhafaza sama-newbies nokuthi sizomane sibhekane ne-GUI elula futhi enembile ukwenza izingcindezi nezinciphisi ezifana ne-PeaZip, noma i-7zip, ... njll. Ngokuqondile, owokuqala uyakwazi ukusebenza ngamafomethi ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi angaphezu kwe-180 awo. Kepha uma ungomunye walabo abasathanda ukusebenza ne-terminal, khona-ke uzoba nenani elikhulu lamathuluzi owaziyo ngokuqinisekile:

• zip bese unzip: kuyindlela enhle uma okufunayo kungamafayela aphathekayo kwezinye izinhlelo ezisebenzayo, ngoba uzothola amathuluzi wokusebenza nalawa mafayela kumasistimu e-Microsoft Windows naku-macOS nakwamanye. Isibonelo, ukucindezela ifayela noma umkhombandlela obizwa nge- test bese uyiqhafaza:

zip prueba.zip prueba

unzip prueba.zip

• gzip: Kungcono kakhulu uma okufunayo kungukuthwala phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Unix / Linux. Mhlawumbe izinga lokucindezelwa licishe lifane ne-zip, mhlawumbe elingconywana, kepha ngeke uthole umehluko omkhulu ngosayizi wefayela ngaphansi kwe-zip noma i-gzip. Ukucindezela nokudicilela phansi ngaleli thuluzi singasebenzisa izinketho ezimbili maqondana nokudilizwa futhi bayinketho ethi -do, besebenzisa ngqo i-alias gunzip:

gzip prueba

gzip -d prueba.gz

gunzip prueba.gz

• bzip2: Njengeyangaphambilini, le algorithm ikhona kakhulu kumasistimu wokusebenza we-Unix / Linux, noma kuzothatha isikhashana ezinhlelweni zokucindezela nokuncipha kunasesimweni se-gzip. Kulokhu, ukubambezeleka ngeke kuhumushele ezingeni eliphezulu lokucindezelwa njengakwisimo se-xz, ngoba amafayela acindezelwe ngaphansi kwe-bzip2 azothatha okungaphezulu kancane kwalawo we-gzip. Kungakho kunconywa ukuthi uvikele i-bzip2 bese ukhetha i-xz noma i-gzip esikhundleni salokho. Yize yonke into izoncika kancanyana ohlotsheni lwefayela ozama ukulicindezela ... Isibonelo:

bzip2 prueba

bzip2 -d prueba.bz2

• xz: Yifomethi ekhethwayo yosayizi abakhulu bamafayela, njengoba inikela ngamanani wokuncipha ahamba phambili, kepha futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuqeda ukucindezelwa noma ukwehliswa. Kusha kakhulu kunokwedlule, ngakho-ke ungazithola unama-distros akudala kakhulu noma amasistimu amadala we-Unix angenalo ithuluzi lawo. Izibonelo:

xz prueba

xz -d prueba.xz

• unrar futhi rar: Singasebenza futhi namafomethi we-RAR ku-Linux sibonga lawa mathuluzi, noma kungenjalo uma kuthandwa esimweni sezinhlelo ze-nix njengalezi ezedlule ... Kulokhu singakhetha:

rar a prueba.rar prueba

unrar e prueba.rar

• cindezela futhi uncompress: futhi noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-compress kuyalahleka futhi kungathandwa njengokwedlule, angithandi ukungalinaki leli thuluzi. Isetshenziselwa ukucindezela amafayela ngesandiso se- .Z futhi yenza kanjalo ngenxa ye-algorithm ye-Lempel-Ziv eguquliwe. Ngokwesibonelo:

compress -v prueba

uncompress prueba.Z

Uma ufuna ukusebenza ngqo ne ithuluzi le-tarUngapakisha futhi ucindezele amafayela ngasikhathi sinye, futhi uqaqe futhi uwaqobekise. Kulokhu singadlulisa izinketho zohlobo lwe-algorithm esizoyisebenzisa ngqo ku-tar. Kepha okokuqala kufanele wazi ukuthi ngenketho c sakha iphakheji futhi ngenketho x siyayikhipha. Ngokwesibonelo:

tar czvf prueba.tar.gz prueba

tar xzvf prueba.tar.gz

Njengoba ubona sisebenzise izinketho zvf okumele zikhombise uhlobo lwe-compression algorithm z (kuleli gzip), v ngemodi ye-verbose enikeza imininingwane mayelana nokuthi yenzani, futhi f ukukhombisa ifayili ezosebenzisana nalo ... Yebo, uma sikuguqula lokho z ngenye incwadi ehambelana nolunye uhlobo lwe-algorithm singashintsha uhlobo lokucindezelwa olusetshenziswe ku-tarball:

* Impela yonke imiyalo yangaphambilini inezinketho ezithokozisayo engikumema ngazo ukuthi usebenzise umuntu, eminye edingeka kakhulu njengokuphindaphinda, njll.

Ungakhohlwa shiya imibono yakho...