Faka izinhlelo ku-Linux

Enye yezingqinamba eziqhubeka nokudala izinkinga kwabasanda kufika kuLinux noma abasebenzisi abanolwazi oluncane ukufakwa kwamaphakeji noma ukufaka izinhlelo kuLinux. Lokhu kuxazululwe ngokwengxenye ngamathuluzi afana neYaST, iSoftware Center, iPi Store, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenzisa ukufaka i-Linux njengeGdebi, Synaptic, njll.

Kepha uma silanda amaphakheji wesoftware ezingekho ezinqolobaneni zokusabalalisa kwethu noma sifuna ukufaka izinhlelo ku-Linux ngenguqulo ehlukile kunaleyo enikezwe yimithombo ye-distro yethu, izinto ziba nzima kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi lapho amaphakheji alandiwe angama-tarball anekhodi yomthombo.

Ku-Windows, ngeWindows Installer konke kulula kakhulu, futhi kukhona izandiso eziningi kakhulu ama-binaries ukufaka (.exe, .bat, .msu). Labo abavela kupulatifomu ye-Apple nabo bazobe bebonile ukuthi iMac OS X .dmg inezandiso eziningi kakhulu.

Esinye isihloko esibuhlungu ku-Linux (nezinye * nix) yilezi ukuncika, okungukuthi, amaphakheji ancike kwamanye amaphakheji futhi uma lokhu kokugcina kungafakiwe ngeke sikwazi ukufaka eyokuqala. Kulokhu, kunenqwaba yabaphathi bamaphakeji abenza impilo ibe lula futhi baxazulule ngokuzenzakalela ukuncika. Ngaphandle kwalokho kuzofanele sizixazulule thina mathupha.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungayazi kanjani i-IP yami ku-Linux

Ngalokhu Ukufundisa Ngihlose ukuthi konke lokhu kuyinto encane kakhulu kuwe futhi akubeki inkinga lapho ufaka izinhlelo ku-Linux. Emigqeni elandelayo sizochaza zonke izandiso ezithandwa kakhulu nezinhlobo zamaphakeji akhona ezweni le-Linux kanye nenqubo yokuwafaka ngendlela elula.

Amaphakeji eDeb ne .rpm:

I-Linux ihlukaniswe yaba imihlaba emibili emikhulu futhi imelwe kahle ngamaphakeji I-DEB ne-RPM. Owokuqala usetshenziswa ngabakwaDebian kanye nokuphuma okufana no-Ubuntu, kanti owesibili usetshenziswa yiSuSE, Fedora, nabanye.

I-RPM:

Uma ungaphakathi I-Novell SuSE noma ku-openSuSE, ungasebenzisa i-YaST ukufaka amaphakheji alolu hlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele nje uye kumenyu ye-SuSE, chofoza ku- "System", "YaST" bese uya kunketho ethi "Faka / khipha isoftware". Ngakho-ke singakwazi ukufaka izinhlelo ku-Linux kusuka ku-DVD ye-distro yakho noma kunethiwekhi.

Uma sesivele silandiwe iphakethe, singachofoza kwesokudla kuso futhi sizosinika ithuba lokufaka. Kulula kakhulu…

I-athikili ehlobene:

Vula i-RAR ku-Linux

Uma sifuna ukukwenza kusuka kukhonsoli esikhundleni se I-YaST isebenzisa iZypper:

zypper install nombre_programa

KuRed Hat ngaphezulu okufanayo ... Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma unayo I-Fedora noma i-CentOS, ungasebenzisa i-YUM. Ake siqale nge-YUM, ukuthi kusuka enkombeni lapho kutholakala khona iphakheji, ku-terminal kufanele ubhale:

yum install nombre_paquete

Futhi uma kukhona ithuluzi elijwayelekile lokufaka RPM Yi-rpm uqobo ekhona ekusatshalalisweni okuningi okususelwe kulolu hlobo lwephakeji:

rpm –i nombre_paquete.rpm

EMandriva ungasebenzisa iMandriva Control Center ukufaka izinhlelo noma i-RPMDrake. Ungasebenzisa futhi kwimodi yombhalo

urpm:

urpm –i nombre_paquete.rpm

DEB:

Ku-Ubuntu, ungasebenzisa i-Ubuntu Software Center elula ukufaka amaphakheji kusuka ezinqolobaneni ezisemthethweni. Kusuka ku-Debian kungafakwa futhi nge gdebi-gtk, imidwebo futhi kalula noma nge-Synaptic, lokhu futhi kusebenza kwamanye ama-distros, kufanele nje uwafake.

Elinye ithuluzi elithakazelisayo yi-Dselect, futhi kwimodi yokuqhafaza ukuphatha amaphakheji kalula. Kepha kulabo abadonsa ikhonsoli ngaphezulu, ungasebenzisa dpkg noma apt (khumbula ukulungiselela i-Sudo noma ukusebenza ngamalungelo empande):

Dpkg –i nombre_paquete.deb

o

Apt-get install nombre_paquete

Ukuphakama elinye ithuluzi eliphelele ongalisebenzisa ngokuthayipha okulandelayo:

aptitude install nombre_paquete

Abanye abaphathi bephakeji ku-distro yakho:

I-Arch Linux kanye nokuphuma kusebenzisa umphathi wephakheji ogama lakhe pacman. Yenziwe nguJudd Vinet futhi iyakwazi ukuxazulula ngokuzenzakalela ukuncika. Ukufaka iphakheji nale mphathi:

pacman –S nombre_paquete

I-Portage ungomunye wabaphathi bephakheji abakhulu ngokwesibonelo iGentoo. Inokufana namachweba we-BSD futhi iyahambisana ne-POSIX nemvelo ye-python. Ibuye isetshenziswe yiFreeBSD. Ukufaka iphakethe ngayo:

emerge nombre_paquete

UPaldo Luhlelo lwe-Linux kernel olusebenzisa umphathi wephakeji ye-upkg. Yenziwe nguJürg Billeter futhi ukufaka izinhlelo kuLinux naye kufanele ubhale:

upkg-install nombre_paquete

IPardus Linux distro isebenzisa imenenja elula yephakeji ebhalwe ePython futhi yaziwa njenge I-PiSi. Isebenzisa i-LZMA ne-XZ ukucindezela amaphakethe futhi ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe beDelta buyashaya, obuvumela ukulanda kuphela umehluko phakathi kwamaphakethe ukusindisa umkhawulokudonsa. Faka kanjena:

pisi install nombre_paquete

Ungayifaka kanjani i-tarballs:

Amaphakheji afakwe ngqo avela emthonjeni ahlanganiswe ne-primitive, kepha isasebenza futhi isebenza kahle, ithuluzi le-Tar (yingakho igama i-tarball) bese ucindezelwa kusetshenziswa uhlobo oluthile lwefomethi ecindezelwe.

Amanye amaphakheji alolu hlobo eza namafayela ngaphakathi afana ne-.jar, .bin, .rpm, ..., kuleso simo kufanele ukhiphe impahla bese usebenzisa inqubo elungile kanambambili ayiqukethe. Kepha imvamisa kuba njalo ikhodi yomthombo ukuhlanganiswa nokufakwa.

Ake sibone ukuthi kanjani. Into yokuqala, lapho sisebenza kusuka kukhonsoli, ukuzibeka enkombeni lapho kutholakala khona iphakheji esifuna ukusebenza nayo. Kulokhu sisebenzisa ithuluzi "cd”. Isibonelo, uma ngabe ulande iphakheji futhi unayo kwifolda yokulanda, thayipha esigungwini:

cd Descargas

Futhi ngokushesha izoshintsha ngaleyo ndlela ukukhombisa ukuthi ungaphakathi kwesiqondisi sohlelo. Kufanele futhi ukhumbule ukuthi udinga amalungelo okwenza izenzo ezithile ezinjenge ./configure, make, or make install… esizokubona ngokulandelayo.

Faka i-tar.gz noma i-tgz:

Lezi zinhlobo ze-tarball zisetshenziswa kakhulu ku- I-Slackware kanye ne-derivatives, yize inwetshelwe ukufaka ikhodi yephakheji yakho konke okunye ukusabalalisa. Ukufaka i-tar.gz kunje (khumbula ukusebenzisa ./configure, make and make install ngamalungelo, uyazi, njengezimpande noma ngokulungiselela i-Sudo kumyalo ...):

cd directorio_donde_se_encuentra_el_tarball
tar –zxvf nombre_paquete.tar.gz (o nombre_paquete.tgz, en caso de ser un .tgz)
cd nombre_paquete_desempaquetado
./configure
make
make install

Uma lokhu kungasebenzi Ukufaka i-tar.gz, ungafinyelela umkhombandlela ongakhishelwe ukubheka ukuthi ngabe kukhona ifayela lombhalo elinemiyalo yokuyifaka. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho bengalandeli le nqubo ejwayelekile, onjiniyela bafaka lezi zinhlobo zamafayela ukuze bachaze imininingwane ethile, ukuncika, njll.

Tar.bz2 noma .tbz2:

Yiphakheji esetshenziswe kakhulu ku-BSD futhi lokho kusabalale kwaLinux nakwenye * nix. Ifakwe itiyela futhi icindezelwe kusetshenziswa i-BSD Zip 2. Inqubo yokufaka lolu hlobo lohlelo yile:

cd directorio_donde_se_encuentra_el_paquete
tar –jxvf nombre_paquete.tar.bz2 (o nombre_paquete.tbz2, e incluso nombre_paquete.tbz)
cd nombre_directorio_desempaquetdo
./configure
make
make install

Lokhu kufanele kwanele ukufaka izinhlelo ku-Linux. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa amalungelo ngemiyalo yakamuva.

Enye ingobo yomlando yamateyipu:

Kwesinye isikhathi i-tape archive noma ifayela le-tar elingacindezelwe. Lolu hlobo lwephakeji ligcina imininingwane edingekayo ukubuyisa ngokuphelele amafayela eliqukethe nokuwakhipha, kufanele wenze lokhu:

tar xvf nombre_paquete.tar

Bese ubheka ifayela elinegama README.txt (noma efanayo) ngaphakathi kwesikhombi esingakhishelwe bese ubheka imiyalo yokufaka. Imvamisa kumayelana nokwenza inqubo efana naleyo eyedlule ...

Tar.xz noma .xz noma .txz:

Muva nje ngibona okuningi ngalo mfana. Ukusebenza nalolu hlobo lwephakeji kufanele ube nethuluzi Izinsiza ze-xz ifakiwe. Ukuzikhipha nokuzifaka, sebenzisa:

tar Jxvf nombre_paquete.tar.xz

o

Xz –d nombre_paquete.tar.xz
Tar –xf nombre_paquete.tar

o

Unxz nombre_paquete.xz

Futhi uma selivuliwe, kufakwa ifayili README.txt noma INSTALL.txt ukubona imininingwane yokufakwa, okuvame ukujwayelekile ./configure, make, and make install. Yize kwesinye isikhathi kungasetshenziswa i-cmake.

.gz noma .gzip noma .bzip2:

cunt I-GNU Zip amaphakheji wohlobo .gz noma .gzip angacindezelwa. Lokhu kuphathwa ngokufana namaphakheji acindezelwe we-BSD Zip 2 anwetshiwe nge-.zip Ukubhekana nalolu hlobo lwephakeji, kufanele sibe namathuluzi we-unzip ne-bunzip2 atholakalayo ohlelweni lwethu:

gunzip –c nombre_paquete.gz
bunzip2 nombre_papuete.bz2

Okunye kufana nezinyathelo ezibonwayo nama-tarballs angaphambilini ... Qiniseka ukuthi ubona amafayela we-README noma FAKA akhona.

.tar.lzma, .tlz:

Noma ngabe ivela ngegama layo elide, .tar.lzma, noma uma ivela ngegama layo elifushane .tlz, lawa maphakeji asebenzisa i-Lempel-Ziv-Markov compression algorithm futhi ukuyikhipha nokuyifaka, kufanele uthayiphe ikhonsoli (ngaphambilini udinga ukufaka iphakethe le-lzma):

unlzma nombre_fichero.lzma

o

lzma -d file.lzma

o

tar --lzma -xvf file.tlz

o

tar --lzma -xvf file.tar.lzma

Kuya ngefomethi lapho iphakethe lethulwa ngayo kithi. Ngemuva kwalokho ungabheka ifayili elithile lombhalo ngaphakathi ngemiyalo noma ulandele izinyathelo esizichazile ukufaka amanye ama-tarballs (./config, make, make install). Omunye umkhuba omuhle ukubuka indlela ye- iwebhusayithi kanjiniyela, lapho kukhona okokufundisa kokuthi uwafaka kanjani amaphakheji noma kukhona izingosi ze-Wiki ezinemininingwane eminingi.

* Qaphela: ungafaka futhi amaphakheji athile ahlanganisiwe nethuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi ukufaka.

Ungawafaka kanjani amaphakheji kanambambili:

.jar:

Ukufaka Java amaphakheji kuqondile. Izidingo zisobala, ukuze kufakwe umshini obonakalayo we-Oracle Java (kungaba i-JRE noma i-JDK). Ukuyifaka kufanele sichofoze inkinobho yesokudla yegundane kuyo bese ukhetha "Vula ngolunye uhlelo lokusebenza”Kusuka kumenyu yokudonsela phansi. Iwindi lizovela nohlu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kusistimu yethu kanye nolayini wefomu ngezansi ukubhala eyodwa. Kuleso sikhala ubhala “iJava –jar "Ngaphandle kwezilinganiso, kufaka phakathi isikhala ngemuva kwembiza engisishiyile. Ngemuva kwalokho uchofoza inkinobho "Vula”Futhi kufanele isebenze ngaphandle kwenkinga. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, akudingekile ukuyifaka.

.bin:

Singabenza ngokuchofoza kabili kuzo ukuze sizivule, uma ngabe sikunikeze ngaphambilini izimvume zokubulawa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla kufayela bese uya ku- "Ama-propiedades”Ukunikeza izimvume zokwenza kuthebhu«Uxolos ». Ingafakwa futhi kusuka kukhonsoli ngokwenza okulandelayo:

cd directorio_donde_está_el_binario
./nombre_binario.bin

baleka:

Ngokuba .run sizoqhubeka ngendlela efanayo ne-.bin. Le fomethi isetshenziselwa kabanzi abashayeli, njenge-AMD Catalyst Center. Ukuyifaka ungasebenzisa ikhonsoli:

cd directorio_donde_está_el_paquete
sh ./nombre_paquete.run

Khumbula ukwabela izimvume zokwenza ngaphambili. Futhi, okunye kudinga ukuqhutshwa ngamalungelo, lapho kwenzeka ukukwenza njengezimpande noma ngeSudo.

Uma ufuna ukufaka i- .run ngemodi yehluzo, ungachofoza kwesokudla kuso bese ukhetha "Ama-propiedades", Bese kuthi kuthebhu"Izimvume"Imikhiqizo"Vumela ukusebenzisa ifayili njengohlelo”Futhi wamukela ukuvala. Manje lapho uchofoza kabili ku-.run uzobona ukuthi isifaki esifana kakhulu naleso esivulwa yiWindows (thayipha Okulandelayo, Okulandelayo, KULUNGILE…).

Uwafaka kanjani ama-script:

.sh:

KuLinux singathola futhi imibhalo enezandiso .sh noma .py. Ukufaka lolu hlobo lwezikripthi sizoya enkombeni lapho kutholakala khona iskripthi ngomyalo "cd" njengoba sibonile ngaphambilini. iso! Uma iskripthi sihlanganisiwe, qala usikhiphe noma usivule uziphu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungayinikeza izimvume zokwenza njengoba usuvele wazi (ungakwenza ngemodi yokuqhafaza noma kusuka esigungwini ngomyalo othi “chmod + x script_name"ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokucaphuna). Lapho sebenezimvume zokwenza, kusuka esigungwini:

sh nombre_script.sh

o

./nombre_script.sh

.py:

Okwamafayela ane isandiso .py umhumushi wolimi lohlelo lwePython kufanele abizwe Ukuze wenze lokhu, thayipha ikhonsoli le:

python nombre_script.py install

Abanye:

Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zamafayela namaphakeji wokufaka izinhlelo ku-Linux. Amaphakeji athile avela ku-BSD, Solaris, Mac OS X, namanye ama-nix angafakwa ku-Linux. Isibonelo salokhu yi I-Solaris .pkg. Ukufaka i-.pkg ungachofoza kuyo ngenkinobho yegundane engakwesokudla, iya ku- “Ama-propiedades"Futhi"Izimvume”Futhi unikeze ukwenza izimvume kuso. Ngemuva kwalokho uqhafaza kabili kuzo ukuzifaka.

Kukhona namathuluzi afana ne- Alien ukuguqula kusuka kufomethi eyodwa kuya kwenye, ngokwesibonelo kusuka ku-rpm kuya ku-deb, njll. Lokhu akunconywa kakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi kungadala izinkinga. Ngakho-ke angikukhuthazi.

Ukuqhubeka nephakheji ye-Linux gibberish, ukusho ukuthi kukhona okuningi kunalokhu okubonwe lapha, kepha akuvamile futhi akujwayelekile. Isibonelo sokutholakala kalula yi- .slp basebenzisa kusuka kuphrojekthi yeStampede Linux. Ukuguqula i-.slp ibe amanye amafomethi ajwayelekile ongasebenzisa i-Alien (i-Alien efakwe ngaphambili) kanjena:

sudo alien nombre_paquete.slp nombre_paquete.extensión_nueva generated

Isibonelo, Ukuguqula kusuka ku .slp kuye ku-rpm:

sudo alien miprograma.slp miprograma.rpm generated

Ungashiya imibono yakho ngezicelo, ukungabaza noma ukuphawula. Uma unezinkinga ngokulandela izinyathelo ezikulesi sifundo, ngizojabula ukukusiza.