Osopolitiki bayangenela. I-prehistory ye-Unix ingxenye yokugcina

Ezingxoxweni zezombusazwe ezingenangqondo engike ngaphila kuzo, ngaphandle kokungabaza, okubi kakhulu kulabo abakholelwa ukuthi okunquma ukuthi inhlangano iyasebenza noma cha ukuthi iphethwe uMbuso noma izinkampani ezizimele. Zombili azinangqondo ngokulinganayo ngoba abantu bayakwazi ngokulinganayo (un) ngesilinganiso esifanayo kokukodwa kokubili.

Kunoma yikuphi, uhlobo ngalunye lunezibonelo zalo. Ngokwesibonelo, amalabhorethri eBell kwadingeka abhekane nezigaba ezimbili zabantu ababegcweleza kuHulumeni; amademagogue namabutho enkolo.

Ama-demagogues, athatha izintambo ngevoti elidumile futhi enze noma yini ukuze ayithole. Yingakho bebheke noma iyiphi impumelelo esheshayo nesikhashana abangayisebenzisa okhethweni oluzayo. Ama-Crusaders ayizisebenzi zikahulumeni ezisebenza ngokuqiniseka ukuthi uma zingasebenzisi imithetho kule ncwadi, umhlaba waseNtshonalanga nowobuKristu (uthathelwe indawo yi-hemisphere efanelekile, inkolo noma ifilosofi yezombangazwe) uzowa ngokungenakulungiseka.

I-AT & T's phone monopoly, eyenziwe inkampani engumzali, inani labahlinzeki bezingcingo bendawo, umkhiqizi wezinto zocingo (Western Electric), kanye neBell Labs kudala ihlinzeka ngesevisi yocingo ehloniphekile ezigidini zabasebenzisi base-US ngentengo efanelekile. Abasebenzi bayo bathole amaholo aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ucwaningo lweBell Labs lwaba nesandla ebuholini bezwe besayensi, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezempi.

Nokho, lokhu kwakunganele kuma- demagogue kanye nama-crusaders. Owokuqala wayefuna ngisho naphansi amanani okuthenga ngocingo. Laba bathukuthele ngokungakwazi ukuphoqelela umthetho wokungathembeki.

Kuwo wonke umlando wayo, i-AT&T yavuma ezindabeni ezincane. Yasula ekuqhubekeni nokuthenga abahlinzeki bezingcingo futhi yakhawulela ukuthengiswa kwezinto zocingo emakethe yendawo kuphela.

Ngo-1949 uMnyango Wezobulungisa wahamba ngabakwa-Western Electric, abakhi bemishini. Babefuna i-AT&T iqhudelane ngamanani nabanye abaqhudelana nabo. Icala laxazululwa eminyakeni ethile kamuva ngokungenelela kwezikhulu zikaMongameli u-Eisenhower owatshela inkampani ukuthi hlobo luni lwedili okufanele ilunikeze. Futhi kulapho okuthakasela khona kithi.

I-AT&T ingagcina ukugunyazwa ngocingo inqobo nje uma ibhizinisi layo lilinganiselwe ezinsizeni zokuxhumana ezilawulwa esidlangalaleni noma umsebenzi wezempi. Ngamanye amazwi, iyekile ukungena emakethe ye-electronics yabathengi. Ukwengeza, ivume ukunika ilayisense amalungelo ayo obunikazi amanje nawesikhathi esizayo e-US kubo bonke abafake izicelo base-US, "ngaphandle komkhawulo wesikhathi noma ukusetshenziswa abangakunikwa."

Ngamanye amazwi, i-AT&T ayizange nje izivimbe kwezinye izimakethe ezikhula ngokushesha. Kuphinde kwasiza ukuvela kwabancintisana nabo abasha emakethe yayo yemvelo.

Ku isihloko esandulele Ngitshele ukuthi izindleko zenkampani zikhuphuke kanjani ngenkathi izimbangi ezintsha zisongela imakethe yayo enenzuzo kakhulu. Lona onamakholi amazwe ngamazwe. Le nkampani ibifuna ukwephula uhlelo loxhaso lwezingcingo zendawo ngokukhuphula amanani, kodwa osopolitiki beqhutshwa abezindaba baphakamisela phezulu isililo.. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ama-crusaders oMnyango Wezobulungiswa, asebenzisa ithuba lokuvalelwa kukagesi okubangelwe ukususwa kukaRichard Nixon, athatha i-jackpot. Ukuqedwa kwe-monopoly yocingo.

Cishe eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, lapho kungekho muntu owayecabanga futhi cishe akekho owayefuna ukuba leli cala liphumelele, i- I-AT&T yavuma ukulahla izinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo zendawo ukuze ikwazi ukungena emakethe yamakhompiyutha futhi igcine i-Western Electric ne-Bell Labs. Wayenolwazi lokukwenza, kodwa wayentula isakhiwo sokumaketha. Izimbangi zakho ezihlomule olwazini olukhiqizwe e-Bell Labs, uma benalo. Ngokungangabazeki, i-adventure ye-computing ihlulekile.

Ama-laboratories eBell ayeshintsha abanikazi futhi namuhla, amancane kakhulu futhi abalulekile kangako, abakwaNokia.
Angazi ukuthi isevisi yocingo e-US izoba ngcono noma ishibhile. Okuqinisekile ukuthi izwe alisenabo ubuholi bezobuchwepheshe elabuzuza ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule.

Ngonyaka ozayo ngiyakuthembisa umlando wakwa Unix. Siyakuhalalisela!

I-Bibliography

Ngaba nentshisekelo ku-AT&T kanye neBell Labs lapho ngifunda incwadi yakudala kaPeter Drucker ebizwa ngokuthi Management. Imisebenzi, izibopho kanye nezinqubo. Ezahlukweni ezahlukene ukhuluma ngendima kaTheodore Vail hhayi nje ukudala ukuzimela kodwa futhi nezinhlaka ezilawulayo. Ayiveli e-Amazon Spain naleso sihloko ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ishicilelwe inesihloko esihlukile.

UDrucker uphinde waba ngumthombo wezizathu nendlela yokuhlakazwa. Unikela isahluko sonke sencwadi yakhe esihlokweni Imingcele yokuphatha.

Incwadi kaJon Gertner, Umbono Factory (Akubonakali kukhona ukuhunyushwa kweSpanishi) akugcini nje kuphela ukwethula ngendlela ekhangayo umlando wamalabhorethri kusukela emsuka wawo kuze kufike esikhathini sokuhlakazwa kwawo. Futhi yenza ukuhlaziya okuthakazelisa kakhulu ngezinguquko kumamodeli wokuqamba.

Ubuntu bukaClaude Shannon abulingani encwadini eyodwa. U-Sony no-Gadner batshela ukuthi u-Claude Shannon wasungula kanjani iminyaka yolwazi Umqondo odlalayo. Ngokwakhe, uPaul J Nahin uphenya umthelela womsebenzi kaGeorge Boole kanye nomthelela wakhe kuShannon I-Logician kanye Nonjiniyela:

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Umlando wokuqala we-Unix nendima ye-Bell Labs

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Ukuhlanganisa ososayensi nonjiniyela ndawonye. Umlando wokuqala we-Unix. Ingxenye 2

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Amashubhu wokuhlanza. Umlando wokuqala we-Unix ingxenye 3

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Ukufika kwe-transistor. Umlando wokuqala we-Unix Ingxenye Yesine

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UMnu. Claude Shannon. I-Prehistory ye-Unix Ingxenye Yesihlanu

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Umsebenzi kaShannon. I-prehistory ye-Unix ingxenye yesi-6

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Ulwazi Theory. I-prehistory ye-Unix ingxenye yesikhombisa

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Imilayezo eminingi, ikhodi eyodwa. I-prehistory ye-Unix ingxenye yesishiyagalombili.

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Ukuqala kokuphela. I-prehistory ye-Unix ingxenye 9