Indlela eya eLinux. Inethiwekhi ijoyina amanye amanethiwekhi futhi ifinyelela umhlaba

Umlando akuyona inqubo eqondile. Ukuze ufunde lokhu okuthunyelwe, uchungechunge lwemicimbi bekufanele lwenzeke eminyakeni eminingi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Abanye batshelwa ezincwadini zomlando ngoba kuthinte izigidi zabantu. Ezinye zazibalulekile emndenini noma ezingeni lomuntu siqu. Kepha, bonke basilethe ngesikhathi lapho ngishicilela okuthunyelwe futhi wahlala phansi ukuwufunda. Okufanayo kwenzeka ngeLinux.

Yingakho kulolu chungechunge lwezihloko sizama uku Gcina umbhalo walokho okubalulekile emlandweni wezobuchwepheshe oguqulwe wenza i-Linux nomthombo ovulekile i-paradigm evelele yamanjeumkhakha wamakhompyutha.

Indlela eya eLinux. Ukunwetshwa kwenethiwekhi yekhompyutha

Ukuba khona kweLinux kungenzeka ngenxa yezinto eziningi ezifana ne-

• Ukuvela kosekelo lwezomnotho lokusatshalaliswa kwesoftware.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokusebenza esekwe ku-meritocracy.
• Ukuba khona kwenethiwekhi yokucinga nokushintshisana ngolwazi ngesikhathi sangempela.

Sasishiywe lapho kwakukhona inethiwekhi encane yamakhompyutha asenyuvesi kanye neqembu elingahlelekile labantu elasungula ngokuvumelana imigomo ezobavumela ukuthi baxhumane. Manje yisikhathi sokuthuthela ezingeni elilandelayo. Ukunwetshwa kwenethiwekhi emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngo-Agasti 27, 1976, iveni yayipakwe phambi kwendawo edayisa utshwala eyaziwa kahle edolobheni laseSan Francisco. Abahlali bayo (Amalungu esikhungo socwaningo eStanford University) babeka i-computer terminal etafuleni, bayixhumanisa ne-transmitter yemoto, base bethumela umyalezo ngenethiwekhi ye-ARPA engenantambo yokudlulisa idatha eyaziwa ngePRNET. Ukudluliswa kwamukelwa futhi kwathunyelwa i-ARPANET (inethiwekhi enentambo esivele sikhulume ngayo) kwenye ikhompyutha ekude ngokwendawo.

Lokhu kwenzeke ngekhwalithi empofu kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zensizakalo yocingo yaseHawaii. Inyuvesi yendawo yayidinga indlela engabizi futhi ethembekile yokuxhuma amakhampasi ayi-7 asabalale eziqhingini ezi-4 futhi yanquma ukusebenzisa umsakazo.

Inkinga ezoxazululwa ukuthi Izivumelwano ezenzelwe ukudluliswa kolayini bezingcingo bezinganele. Ngenkathi kulayini wocingo izimpawu zihamba zisuka kumthumeli ziye kumamukeli ngendlela ehlelekile iIziteshi zomsakazo zisakaza ngokungakhethi kubo bonke abamukelayo ebangeni labo. Uma iziteshi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezinebanga elifanayo zisakazwa ngasikhathi sinye, imilayezo yehliswa noma ikhanselwe.

Isixazululo esitholwe ochwepheshe ukuthi Lapho umthumeli (i-node) kunethiwekhi engatholi isiqinisekiso esivela kumamukeli sokuthola iphakethe ledatha, linda isikhathi esingahleliwe bese usithumela futhi.

Njengoba isikhathi sokuvala sasingahleliwe, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphinda ukusakazwa kwemiyalezo ngasikhathi sinye kwakuncane.

Ngaphezu kwezinkinga zobuchwepheshe, i-ARPA bekufanele ibhekane nezinye izinhlobo zezinkinga, ezepolitiki. Ngo-1969 i ICongress imemezele isinqumo sokunquma isabelomali sezokuvikela futhi yathola ukuthi kungenziwa kuphela uphenyo olunobudlelwano obusobala nokusebenza kwamasosha noma izicelo.

Ukusindiswa kwe-ARPA kwakuyisivumelwano esasinciphisa izivivinyo zezikhali zenuzi ezazivumela kuphela ukuthi zenziwe ngomshoshaphansi. Lolu hlobo lobufakazi lutholwa ngama-seismographs emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngenhloso ye- Ihlola umsebenzi wenuzi we-USSR, i-United States yavumelana neNorway ukwakha indawo yokubona ukuzamazama komhlaba. Lesi sikhungo yayixhunywe esiteshini sesathelayithi eSweden esathumela imininingwane eVirginia Center for Seismic Data Analysis. Ngalesi sixhumanisi se-satellite esifanayo, abaseNorway bakwazi ukufinyelela ku-ARPANET.

Kwakungenxa yesikhungo saseNorway lapho i-UK yajoyina khona inethiwekhi entsha sha. Ukuxhuma kwenziwa ngocingo olubaxhumanisa ne-University College yaseLondon.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abaseBrithani babezosungula ukuxhumana kwabo kwe-satellite ngqo.

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