Uthando oludlulele lomthombo ovulekile ngabaphathi abathile abaphezulu beMicrosoft lwenza abaningi emphakathini basole. Abanye bethu bakholelwa ukuthi azikho izinhloso ezimnyama, kepha ukuthi ngumshado olula. Kodwa-ke, kwakunguSteven Sinofsky, owayeyinhloko yezigaba zeWindows neHhovisi, owabeka izinto ezimnyama kokumhlophe. Okuguqukile yimakethe yesoftware, futhi umthombo ovulekile ulungele kangcono iqiniso elisha kune-software ephathelene.
Lolu chungechunge lwezihloko luzama ukuqonda ukuthi lolo shintsho lwenzeka kanjani nokuthi kungani lulungele iLinux. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizochaza ukuthi lithini ithonya lamaphayona e-Intanethi emiphakathini yesoftware yamahhala.
Kufanele ngenze okuthile kucace. Umlando awulandeli ngokulandelana kwemicimbi. Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi abantu abakhethe umsebenzi ofanayo, bawufunda ezincwadini ezifanayo futhi babhekana nezinkinga ezifanayo, bazosebenza ngezixazululo ezifanayo ngokufana. Kuyaziwa ukuthi zaziziningi izikhungo e-United States ezaziphenya ukuthi ungawaxhuma kanjani amakhompyutha, futhi, cishe impela, nawo ayenza okufanayo eSoviet Union naseYurophu. Kepha, ukuvumelana okujwayelekile ukuthi imvelaphi esheshayo ye-Intanethi iku-Advanced Research Project Agencies Network (ARPA).
Sasihambile i-athikili edlule esivivinyweni sokuqala sokuxhuma esiphumelele phakathi kwamakhompyutha amabili akude. Ake sibone ukuthi indikimba yaqhubeka kanjani.
Ukuvumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamakhompiyutha, kwakudingeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Internet Message Processor (IMP) Umsebenzi we-IMP bekungukuthi thola amaphakethe wedatha (khumbula ukuthi ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwemininingwane yahlukaniswa ngobude obude obungaguquki) uyihlanganise kabusha ngendlela yayo uyidlulisele kukhompyutha emaphakathi. Ngekhompyutha noma i-node ngayinye emaphakathi kufanele kube ne-IMP.
Ekupheleni kuka-1969 kwase kunamanyuvesi amane axhumene; UCLA, eStanford, University of California eSanta Barbara naseYunivesithi yase-Utah.
Indaba ithi umyalezo wokuqala (ongadideki nedatha) othunyelwe igama elithi Login. Kepha, njengoba uhlelo lwehla, bebengadlulisa uLo kuphela. Kuthathe amahora ambalwa ukuqala kabusha igama eliyinhloko le-UCLA nokuthumela igama eligcwele.
Amaphayona we-Intanethi nomthelela wawo emphakathini wesoftware wamahhala
Enye yezinkinga okufanele zixazululwe kwaba ungenza kanjani amadivayisi akhiqizwe abakhiqizi abahlukene akwazi ukuxhumana nomunye ngendlela ehlelekile. Ngaphandle kwempendulo yezobuchwepheshe, le ndaba ibalulekile kithi. Indlela yokusebenza ekhethiwe izokwamukelwa emashumini eminyaka kamuva yimiphakathi engemuva kweningi lamaphrojekthi wamahhala wesoftware.
Ngokumangazayo ngomzimba wombuso, I-ARPA ayihlanganisanga uhlaka lwezokuphatha ngomsebenzi wokwakha izinqubo zokuxhumana. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngabafundi abathile abaphothule iziqu abasebenza ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zoMnyango Wezokuvikela.
Njengoba babengenaso isakhiwo esisemthethweni sokuziqukatha, banquma ukusebenzisana ngokungahleliwe bodwa.s bese ushicilela izincomo zawo kumaphrothokholi angaphansi kwesihloko esithi Isicelo Samazwana (RFC).
Lesi sihloko sakhethwa njenge- indlela yokwandisa ukubamba iqhaza nengxoxo yamahhala yokuqukethwe.
I-RFC ebizoba nethonya elikhulu ekwakhiweni kweLinux nesoftware yamahhala ibe nesiqalo esithobekile. Yayibhalwe endlini yangasese ngoba umbhali wayo wayengafuni ukuvusa abantu ahlala nabo.
Umholi weqembu, uSteve Crocker, wayefuna ukuxhumana okubhaliwe phakathi kwabahlanganyeli (wonke umuntu owayefuna ukuba khona) kwenziwe ngememoranda engahlelekile neyesikhashana. Inhloso yokugcina bekuwukufinyelela ekuvumelaneni okujwayelekile nokubhala ikhodi esebenzayo.
Hhayi ukuthi kwakukhona uhlelo lokubala amavoti. Lezi zihloko bekuxoxwa ngazo kuze kube bathola okuthile okuvunyelwa yiwo wonke umuntu.
Le ndlela yokusebenza ibinezinjongo ezimbili:
- Okokuqala, imibhalo ebhaliwe ivame ukubonwa njengecacile nokuthi iqembu belifuna ini ukusebenzisa ama-RFCs njengesiqalo, hhayi njengomkhawulo.
- Okwesibili, bekufunwa ukugwema ukuthambekela kokufuna ukuphelela okuvame ukudala ukungabaza lapho kushicilelwa okuthile.
Ama-RFC okuqala basungula umgomo wokuthi awukho umbhalo okufanele uthathwe njengemfundiso, nokuthi wawungeke ube nohlelo olucacile. Baphinde basikisela lokho igunya lathathwa kokufaneleka hhayi kubaphathi abaguquliwe.
UCrocker nabangane bakhe cBenze indlela yokusebenza evumela ukuthi kuchazwe izivumelwano ezilawula cishe konke ukushintshaniswa kwedatha emhlabeniuku. Isithelo sokuqala sobuchwepheshe bomsebenzi wakhe kwakuyi-Network Control Protocols evumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamakhompyutha.
Nokho, Ifa lakhe eliyigugu kakhulu, lelo lokubambisana okuvulelekile, lizoqhubeka nathi lapho i-Intanethi iyisikhumbuzo sangesikhathi esedlule.
Le ndaba izoqhubeka…