Kulabo basebenzisi abasha kuLinux kufanele ukwazi lokho I-Linux yakhiwe ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele kunesakhiwo semikhombandlela ongahle usetshenziswe ku-Windows.
Esihlokweni esandulele sikhulume ngezinye zezinkomba eziyinhloko ezakha isigaba esiphakeme ngaphakathi kweLinux. Futhi kulokhu sizokhuluma ngabanye abanye engidinga ukubalula ku isihloko esandulele.
/ elahlekile + itholakele
Njalo uhlelo lwefayela le-Linux lunenkomba elahlekile + etholakele. Uma uhlelo lilenga, i-boot elandelayo izobheka uhlelo lwefayela.
Futhi wonke umuntu amafayela onakele atholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kohlelo abekwa enkombeni elahlekile + etholakele, ukuze uzame ukuthola idatha eningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
/ imidiya ekhipha imidiya
Le nkomba iqukethe Imibhalo engezansi, lapho l kufakwe khonaIzindlela zokuxhumana zamadivayisi axhunywe kukhompyutha.
Isibonelo, uma idrayivu ye-USB ifakwa ohlelweni lwakho lweLinux, enkombeni izokwenzela ifolda ngokuzenzekelayo. Ungangena kokuqukethwe kwe-USB ngokuya kulo mkhombandlela.
/ mnt - indawo yesikhashana yokukhweza
Lo mkhombandlela iqukethe amasistimu efayela angaphandle afakiwe.
Amabhizinisi avela ngaphakathi / mnt amelela izinsiza zangaphandle ezingafinyelelwa ngalesi siqondisi.
/ opt
Lo mkhombandlela iqukethe imibhalo engezansi yamaphakeji angeziwe. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukugcina amafayela angeziwe wezinhlelo ezifakwe ohlelweni.
/ amafayela we-kernel nezinqubo
Isiqondisi se- / proc iyafana nomkhombandlela we / dev, ngoba awunawo noma yimaphi amafayela ajwayelekile. Iqukethe amafayela akhethekile amelela imininingwane yohlelo nenqubo.
/ root - isiqondisi sezimpande
Lo mkhombandlela umkhombandlela womsebenzisi wezimpande (/ ikhaya / impande). Udinga ukuhlukanisa lo mkhombandlela kusuka /, okuyimpande yohlelo lwemikhombandlela.
/ run
Lo mkhombandlela isinikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ngendawo ejwayelekile yokugcina amafayela wesikhashanakanye nezinqubo zokuhlonza nezisekelo. Kanye namafayela angenakugcinwa ku- / tmp, ngoba amafayela ku- / tmp angasuswa.
/ sbin system administration binaries
Lo mkhombandlela iyafana nomkhombandlela we-bin, njengoba uqukethe amafayela kanambambili adingekayo okungenzeka ukuthi asetshenziswe ngumsebenzisi wezimpande ekuphathweni kohlelo.
Zonke lezi zinkomba (/ sbin, / usr / sbin kanye / usr / local / sbin) zisetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuphatha, ngakho-ke ngumlawuli kuphela ongaqhuba okuqukethwe kwazo.
/ iseva yedatha ye-srv
Lo mkhombandlela ciqukethe idatha yezinsizakalo ezinikezwa uhlelo, isibonelo esisebenzayo salokhu uma ngabe iseva ye-Apache HTTP isetshenziselwa ukusebenza namawebhusayithi
/ tmp idatha yesikhashana
Izicelo esitolo amafayela wesikhashana ku / tmp. Lawa mafayela avame ukususwa lapho uhlelo luqala kabusha.
/ usr amafayela kanambambili womsebenzisi nedatha yokufunda kuphela
Umkhombandlela we / usr ciqukethe izinhlelo zokusebenza namafayela asetshenziswa abasebenzisi.
Isibonelo, Azidingekile ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zohlelo njengoba zigcinwa kumkhombandlela we / usr / bin esikhundleni senkomba ye / bin, kanye nama-binaries adingekayo ekuphathweni kwesistimu awagcinwa kumkhombandlela we / usr / sbin esikhundleni se / sbin.
Imitapo yolwazi yesicelo ngasinye igcinwe kumkhombandlela we / usr / lib futhi / usr iqukethe namanye amafolda, ngokwesibonelo, amafayili ezakhiwo ezakhiwe, njengemidwebo, agcinwa ku- / usr / share.
Kumkhombandlela / usr / wendawo izinhlelo zokusebenza zivame ukufakwa endaweni ezihlanganisiwe ngoba aziphazamisi lonke uhlelo.
/ var idatha eguquguqukayo
Lo mkhombandlela lizoqukatha amafayela wedatha aguqukayo nawesikhashana, kanye namafayela we-spool (Amafayela agcinwe kulayini olindele ukwenziwa, njengolayini bokuphrinta).
Zonke izingodo zesistimu kanye nalezo ezakhiwe amasevisi afakiwe zitholakala ngaphakathi kohlaka lokulandelana kwe / var. Lokhu kusho ukuthi usayizi ophelele walesiqondisi uzokhula njalo.
Ukuba wusizo kwe- / var kulele ekutheni ukwazi ukuthola izinkinga zokuzivikela nokuzixazulula.
I-athikili enhle kakhulu. Ngake ngabona ifolda / Palo. Lokho kwenzelwa ini?