Sakhiwa kanjani isakhiwo se-Linux file system? - Ingxenye 1

Abafundi abaningi ngisebenzise iWindows ne bathuthela eLinux, ngeke bangivumele ngiqambe amanga ngaleso sikhathi Umbuzo wokuqala noma inkinga evelayo ukuthi "zikuphi izinhlelo ezigcinwe ku-Linux".

Ngokungafani neWindows, iLinux yakhiwe ngohlelo lwefayela oluhluke ngokuphelele futhi olungahlobene, lapha azikho izincwadi zokushayela ezifana no “C: \. D: \, njll ”, njengoba lokhu kungeyona indinganiso yoHlelo Lokulawulwa Kwesistimu Yefayela le-FHS.

Lolu hlelo luchaza ukwakheka kwezinhlelo zamafayela ku-Linux nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-UNIX. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lwefayela le-Linux luqukethe nezinkomba ezithile, ezingakachazwa kanjena kuze kube manje.

/ - isiqondisi sezimpande (impande)

Konke kusistimu yakho ye-Linux kutholakala ku / isiqondisi, eyaziwa nangokuthi umkhombandlela wezimpande.

Lo mkhombandlela kufana nokuthi sikhuluma nge- "C: \ in Windows" ukusho lokhu, kepha, akunjalo, ngoba ku-Linux azikho izinhlamvu emagameni amadrayivu.

/ bin - amafayela kanambambili womsebenzisi

Umkhombandlela we / bin iqukethe ama-binaries womsebenzisi (izinhlelo) okumele zibe khona lapho uhlelo lusebenza ngemodi eyodwa yomsebenzisi.

Kubalulekile ukwazi lokho izinkomba azisekho futhi azikwazi ukuba khona kulo mkhombandlela, lapha sizothola kuphela amafayela kanambambili lwezinhlelo, kanye nezixhumanisi zazo ezingokomfanekiso ezingahlukaniswa yi- "@".

/ boot - amafayela wokuqalisa wesistimu

Umkhombandlela we / boot Inamafayela adingekayo ukuqala uhlelo, ngokwesibonelo amafayela we-GRUB neKernel agcinwa lapha.

I-kernel yohlelo ingakhonjwa njengefayela lesithombe elibizwa nge-vmlinuz-version _ kernel) kumele litholakale kulo mkhombandlela noma enkombeni yezimpande.

/ cdrom mount point ye-CD-ROM

Umkhombandlela we / cdrom akuyona ingxenye yohlelo lwefayela le-FHS kanjalo, kepha isengatholakala ekusatshalalisweni okuhlukahlukene.

Lo mkhombandlela yindawo yesikhashana yedrayivu yakho ye-CD / DVD kusuka kukhompyutha yakho kusistimu yakho. Noma kunjalo, indawo ejwayelekile yamadivayisi wemidiya yesikhashana umkhombandlela / wemidiya

/ amafayela wedivayisi.

I-Linux ibona amadivayisi njengamafayela, futhi umkhombandlela we / dev uqukethe amafayela akhethekile amele amadivayisi. Akuzona lezi zinhlobo zamafayela njengoba sijwayele ukuwabona.

Futhi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi amadivayisi angavimba noma abe ngumlingiswa. Imvamisa, amadivayisi wokuvimba yilabo abagcina idatha namadivayisi wezinhlamvu adlulisa idatha.

Ngokuyinhloko lapha singathola amaphuzu akhwezayo ezinye izingxenye noma amadivayisi axhunywe kukhompyutha.

Isibonelo / dev / sda iphuzu lokuphakama lediski elisebenza futhi ezinye izingxenye zalokhu zizofakwa kuhlu ngendlela yokuthi ukwahlukanisa kokuqala kube / dev / sda1, okwesibili / dev / sda2 njalo njalo.

Endabeni yamanye amadiski, amapeni wokushayela noma amadivayisi wesitoreji axhunyiwe, sizowakhomba njenge- / dev / sdb, / dev / sdc njalonjalo.

Singakubheka lokhu kusuka ku-terminal ngokwenza umyalo:

sudo fdisk -l

Ngenkathi kufayela elihlotshaniswa nohlobo lwegundane PS / 2 kuyoba / dev / psaux.

/ njll - amafayela wokumisa

Isiqondisi / njll iqukethe amafayela wokumisa angahlelwa ngesandla kusetshenziswa isihleli sombhalo.

Qaphela ukuthi umkhombandlela / njll uqukethe amafayela wohlelo abalulekile, konke kungokokulungiselelwa, okungamafayela e-static.

Amafayela asebenzayo, amafayili kanambambili kakhulu, akufanele atholakale lapha.

/ home - ifolda yasekhaya yomsebenzisi

Umkhombandlela we / home iqukethe amafolda asekhaya abo bonke abasebenzisi. Isibonelo, uma igama lakho lomsebenzisi liyi "user1", lapho-ke bazoba / home / user1 njengesiqondisi sabo sasekhaya.

Le folda iqukethe amafayela womsebenzisi nedatha ehlobene nomsebenzisi, kanye namafayela womsebenzisi nokuncamelayo.

Umsebenzisi ngamunye unokufinyelela kokubhala kuphela enkombeni yabo yasekhaya, futhi ukuguqula amanye amafayela kuhlelo abazodinga ukuthi babe nezimvume zomsebenzisi omkhulu noma abe ngumsebenzisi wezimpande.

/ lib imitapo yolwazi

Umkhombandlela we / lib iqukethe imitapo yolwazi edingeka ngemigqomo etholakala kwizikhombisi ze- / bin kanye / sbin.

Ngokwehluka okukodwa kuphela, ukuthi imitapo yolwazi edingeka ngemigqomo kwifolda / usr / bin ikusikhombisi se- / usr / lib.