I-Linux Glossary: ​​​​izincazelo ezizokusiza uqonde kangcono lo mhlaba

Njalo ngonyaka omusha ozayo, noma izinsuku ngaphambi kwawo njengamanje, izindatshana zivame ukufundwa eziqinisekisa ukuthi lo kuzoba unyaka weLinux. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ngiyifunda, kodwa unyaka wezinhlelo ezifana nalezi esixoxa ngazo kule bhulogi awukafiki. Ngokwengxenye, kunengqondo: IWindows ikuyo yonke indawo, futhi kuningi okumele kusolwe ukuthi ifakwe ngokuzenzakalelayo kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha. Ngalesi sizathu, abaningi benu abazi ukuthi amanye amagama esiwasebenzisayo emhlabeni asho ukuthini, futhi yingakho sicabange ukushicilela lesi sihloko njengesihloko. I-Linux glossary.

Cishe kuqinisekile ukuthi esikhathini esizayo sizobhala izindatshana eziningi ezichaza kabanzi lokho okushiwo kulolu hlu lwamagama we-Linux, kodwa esifuna ukukwenza kulesi sihloko ukuthi, uhlu lwamagama we-Linux, olungeyona into engaphezu kweyodwa. uhlu lwamagama ngencazelo okuhloswe ngayo ukuthi icace, ibe mfushane futhi ibe mfushane. Sizowabeka ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu, futhi ngokuqinisekile sizoyibuyekeza ngezincazelo ezengeziwe esikhathini esizayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singacabanga ngokunye esingakwengeza noma abafundi bethu basiphakamisele kona.

I-Linux Glossary: ​​Izincazelo Wonke Umuntu Okufanele Azazi

• I-ALSA: isifinyezo se I-Advanced Linux Sound Architecture futhi iwuhlaka lwesofthiwe kanye nengxenye ye-Linux kernel ehlinzeka ngesixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo lokusebenza (i-API) yezishayeli zedivayisi yekhadi lomsindo.
• I-AppImage: ifomethi yokusabalalisa isofthiwe "ephathekayo" ku-Linux ngaphandle kokuthi ube umsebenzisi ophezulu ukufaka uhlelo, into, empeleni, engayenzi. Ziyiphakheji lapho isofthiwe eyinhloko nokuncika kufakwe khona ekufezekiseni okufanayo. I-athikili ehlobene.
• Bash: Igobolondo elifana ne-UNIX nolimi lomyalo
• CLI: Isifinyezo se-"Command Line Interface". Isetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, lapho uhlelo lusebenza esigungwini futhi isixhumi esibonakalayo singeyona imidwebo. Isibonelo.
• Umyalo: umbhalo obhalwe kutheminali, imibhalo nezinye izingxenye ukuqalisa izenzo. Singase futhi sibhekisele kubo ngokuthi "i-oda."
• I-Distro: Igama elifushanisiwe elisho "ukusabalalisa" elichaza ngokuyisisekelo isistimu yokusebenza "yempande" noma "umthombo" esekelwe ku-Linux, njenge-Debian, Ubuntu noma i-Red Hat. Kuwo kuvela "ama-flavour" noma "ama-flavour": Ubuntu wukusabalalisa, i-Kubuntu i-flavour. Nakuba ngokusho kwabanye abasebenzisi noma enye incazelo, isistimu yokusebenza izoba yisisekelo futhi okuphuma kubo kungaba ukusatshalaliswa. Isibonelo: I-Arch Linux: uhlelo lokusebenza; Manjaro, distro.
• Imvelo yokuqhafaza- Eyaziwa nangokuthi "indawo yedeskithophu" kwamanye amazwe, iyiqembu lezingxenye ezihlinzeka ngezinto zokusebenzelana komsebenzisi njengezithonjana, amabha wamathuluzi, amaphephadonga, namawijethi. Ngenxa yesimo sokuqhafaza singasebenzisa i-Linux nemifanekiso ngegundane nekhibhodi njengoba senza ku-Windows ne-macOS. Phakathi kwezidume kakhulu sine-GNOME, iPlasma noma i-XFCE.
• I-Flatpak: insiza yokuphatha iphakheji lapho isofthiwe isatshalaliswa, ifakwe futhi iphathwe ngayo ehlanganisa, kwiphakheji efanayo, isofthiwe eyinhloko, okuncikile, isikhathi sokusebenza nakho konke okudingekayo ukuze isebenze kunoma iyiphi isistimu esekelwe ku-Linux ene-medium noma eyengezwe kuyo. Zingamaphakheji wendawo yonke kanye nebhokisi lesihlabathi (elilodwa). Inqolobane esetshenziswa kakhulu yi I-Flathub.
• I-GNU: isifinyezo se-"GNU's Not Unix", futhi owayenesibopho esikhulu kwakungu-Richard Stallman emuva ngeminyaka yawo-80s. Amasistimu wokusebenza asekelwe ku-Linux empeleni yi-GNU / Linux, nakuba kuyo yonke imidiya sifinyeza (okubi) futhi sibhekisela kuyo ngokuqondile njengokuthi "Linux" .
• I-GRUB: I-GNU GRAnd Unified Boot loader o I-GRUB iwuhlelo oluvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi akhethe ukuthi iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza efakiwe noma i-kernel azoyilayisha ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kwesistimu. Iphinde ivumele umsebenzisi ukuthi adlulise izingxabano ku-kernel. Ungasho ukuthi wuhlelo lokuqalisa olusetshenziswa ku-Linux.
• I-GUI: isifinyezo se-"Graphical User Interface", okuyisithombe esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esisivumela ukuthi sihlanganyele nesofthiwe ngamawindi, amabhokisi okuhlola, izinkinobho, njll. Kufana newindi esilibonayo lapho sisebenzisa isoftware. Ngaphandle kwe-GUI, esingaba nakho isofthiwe ku-"CLI", esiyichazile ngenhla.
• Jack: isifinyezo se-"JACK Audio Connection Kit", okuyiseva yomsindo (kanye nokunye) okuzovumela umsindo ukuthi uzwakale lapho izicelo zikucela. Akuyona yodwa ekhona ku-Linux.
• I-Kernel: i-nucleus. Inhliziyo. Uma sikhuluma ngesistimu yokusebenza ye-"Linux" (kushiwo kahle ukuthi izoba "GNU / Linux"), esikushoyo ukuthi isebenzisa i-Linux kernel, okuwungqimba lokuqala lwesofthiwe esetshenziswa kulezi zinhlelo nokuthi iqukethe, phezu kwakho konke, abashayeli ukuze isebenze kunoma yiliphi iqembu le-hardware. Eqinisweni, leyo kwakuyinhloso kaLinus Torvalds lapho eyiqala njengomsebenzi aqhubeka nokusebenza kuwo.
• LTS: Isifinyezo se-"Usekelo Lwesikhathi Eside". Isetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza noma uhlelo luzosekelwa isikhathi eside, kulapho lubonakala khona kakhulu ezinguqulweni ze-LTS zobuntu eziphuma njalo eminyakeni emibili futhi zisekelwa iminyaka emi-5.
• Iseshini ebukhoma: "Amaseshini abukhoma" yilawo akhona inqobo nje uma singayivali noma siyiqale kabusha ikhompuyutha. Zonke izinguquko esizenzile zizobhujiswa ngaleso sikhathi. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ku-USB ukufaka isistimu yokusebenza noma njengethuluzi lokubuyisela.
• I-PipeWire: iyiseva yokuphatha ukusakazwa komsindo nevidiyo nehadiwe ku-Linux. Iphatha umzila we-multimedia nokucutshungulwa kwamapayipi. Ngesikhathi sokubhala lesi sihloko, ngoDisemba 2021, sisathuthukiswa, kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi, kanye ne-Wayland, izothuthukisa kakhulu yonke into ehlobene nesithombe nomsindo, futhi ithuthukise ukuhambisana phakathi kwamaseva ahlukene omsindo. kanye nevidiyo..
• Pulse- Iseva yomsindo enenethiwekhi esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ku-Linux, kodwa futhi nakuzinhlelo ze-BSD, macOS, noma zeSolaris.
• Ukukhululwa Umkhethi- Ilebula noma amagama asetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kunguqulo ethuthukisiwe yesofthiwe esakhiwayo. Isibonelo, kunezinkampani ezilebula isofthiwe yazo ngokuthi "Ikhandidethi Yokukhishwa" isonto noma amabili ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwenguqulo ezinzile. Endabeni ye-kernel (Linux), isetshenziswa izinyanga ezimbili, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi empeleni abakwenzayo izinguquko phezu kwenguqulo ezinzile.
• Ukukhishwa kwe-Rolling- Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware kanye nemodeli yokulethwa efika ngokushesha lapho isitholakala, futhi amasistimu wokusebenza ayisebenzisayo afakwa kanye futhi athole izibuyekezo zokuphila kwakho konke. Ku-Linux, i-Arch Linux ikhona, futhi kwakukholelwa ukuthi Windows 10 kwakuyoba lapho beqinisekisa ukuthi kuzoba inguqulo yakamuva yohlelo lweMicrosoft (manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi kuzoba khona Windows 11). Nakuba, kahle, iWindows yagcwalisa kuphela ingxenye yokuvuselela impilo, futhi ngisho nalokho.
• shell: Umyalo we-Linux noma umhumushi womyalo.
• su: umyalo oncazelo yawo ithi "umsebenzisi obambele", futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukusuka komunye umsebenzisi ukuya komunye. Lokhu ikwenza ngokuqala igobolondo lokungena ohlwini lwemibhalo lwamanje nendawo (su) noma ngokushintshela ngokuphelele kuzilungiselelo zomsebenzisi okuqondiwe (su -).
• sudo: umyalo wokucela amalungelo omsebenzisi aphakeme noma aphezulu. Ivamise ukubekwa phambi kweminye imiyalo ukuze ikwazi ukwenza izenzo ezithile, njengokufaka isofthiwe noma ukuhambisa amafayela kuzinkhombandlela ezivikelekile. Isihloko esimayelana ne-sudo ne-su.
• snap: umphathi wephakheji nokuthuthukiswa okuthuthukiswe yiCanonical futhi ephikisana neFlatpak ngokuba amaphakheji wendawo yonke ahlanganisa isofthiwe nokuncika, izikhathi zokugijima nokunye kuphakheji efanayo. Ziyi-sandbox futhi. I-athikili ehlobene.
• Sway: umphathi wewindi ozongena esikhundleni ku i3 etholakala kumasistimu wokusebenza asekelwe ku-Linux. Yakhelwe ukusebenza e-Wayland, futhi ayinayo ideskithophu ongayisebenzisa. Amafasitela avuleka ngesikrini esigcwele, anamamajini alungisekayo, amafasitela amasha ahlukanisa isikrini ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ungakwazi ukushintsha kalula usuka “kwideskithophu” eyodwa uye kwenye ngezinqamuleli zekhibhodi. Eqinisweni, umsebenzisi onolwazi angakwenza konke ngekhibhodi. Njengoba ingenazo izingxenye eziningi zemvelo yesithombe evamile, ilula.
• Symlink: "izixhumanisi" noma "ezithambile", kwezinye izinhlelo ezaziwa ngokuthi "izinqamuleli". Angasetshenziswa, isibonelo, ukufinyelela ifayela noma ifolda ukusuka kwenye indlela. Isixhumanisi esihlobene.
• i-tarball: isofthiwe eningi isatshalaliswa icindezelwe. Ifomethi yalokhu esetshenziswa kakhulu yi-TAR, evela ku-Tape Archive, futhi i-tarball noma i-tarfile igama elinikezwe iqembu noma ifayela elakhiwe amafayela amaningi ahlanganiswe kusetshenziswa umyalo we-TAR noma isofthiwe yokuminyanisa ye-graphical interface (GUI). Angatholakala nesandiso se-.tar noma .tar.gz, futhi isofthiwe ingafakwa ngokuqondile ku-tarball.
• ukuphela: i-peripheral esebenzisana nomuntu, iqukethe okukhiphayo nokokufaka, isikrini nekhibhodi. Empeleni, esikusebenzisa ku-Linux uma sikusistimu enesithombe esibonakalayo "i-terminal emulator".
• I-Tux: I-Linux mascot. Iyipenguin futhi ivela ku-software efana ne-Tux Guitar, Tux Paint noma i-Tux Kart. I-athikili ehlobene.
• Wayland: bonisa iphrothokholi enezendlalelo ezengeziwe zokuphepha. Uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye lubhekwa njengeklayenti kanti izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ziyiseva, futhi i-Wayland izoba ibhuloho elenza isithombe senzeka. Namuhla, abathuthukisi abaningi bagxile ku-Wayland ngoba iyindlela engcono kakhulu futhi ikusasa lilele kuyo.
• IWAYINI: isifinyezo sewayini Akulona I-Emulator, kodwa empeleni kubonakala sengathi kunjalo. Isofthiwe equkethe konke okudingayo ukuze usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza zeWindows ku-Linux, kodwa futhi ku-macOS ngisho ne-Android. Ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingafakwa, isibonelo, I-Guitar Pro ku-Linux.
• X11: I-X Window (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-X11, noma i-X nje) iyisistimu yewindi yeklayenti / iseva yokuboniswa kwe-bitmap. Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana ne-UNIX futhi ifakwe kwamanye amasistimu amaningi.

Kukhona okunye ongakwengeza?

Lesi sihloko mayelana nohlu lwamagama we-Linux izobuyekeza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukufaka izincazelo ezengeziwe. Ekuqaleni sengeze lezi ngoba siyazi ukuthi abaningi benu banokungabaza ngazo, njengokuthi "tarball". Inhloso yethu ukukusiza uqonde, futhi sithemba ukuthi ngemva kokufunda le glossary ye-Linux kuzoba lula ukufunda ezinye izihloko kubhulogi.