Imanyuwali ye-GParted: ukuphatha ukwahlukanisa akukaze kube lula kangako

Kule ndatshana sinethulela i-GParted, ithuluzi elinamandla neliphelele elizokusiza ukuthi ulungiselele i-hard drive yakho. Ngalokhu kufanele wazi ukuthi iyini, yenzelwa ini nokusebenza kwayo okuyisisekelo, okuyikho esizozama ukukufundisa kulokhu okuthunyelwe, ukuze uqale ukuthatha izinyathelo zakho zokuqala ngayo ngendlela elula. Vele uqaphele ukuthi ukulimaza ukwahlukanisa noma ukukususa kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwedatha yakho, ngakho-ke qaphela uma ungeyena uchwepheshe.

Abaningi benu bazokwazi vele, abanye abaningi bazobe sebesebenzise kaningi, kepha ngongoti abancane noma kulabo abangakwazi lokhu ithuluzi lokuhlela ukwahlukanisa Umthombo ovulekile ngaphansi kwelayisense le-GPL futhi ubhalwe ku-C ++, Ukusho ukuthi akusizo i-Linux kuphela, ngoba kukhona inguqulo ebukhoma ezosebenza kusuka kudiski noma kwimemori ye-USB, ukwazi ukuphatha ezinye izingxenye zamanye amasistimu wokusebenza inqobo nje uma zisekelwa.

Ekuqaleni bekukhona futhi kungumhleli wokwahlukanisa imvelo yedeskithophu ye-GNOME, yize kukhona ezinye izindlela ezifana neMenenja yokuhlukanisa i-KDE yedeskithophu ehlukile eya ku-GNOME namanye amathuluzi amaningi, kepha mhlawumbe i-GParted yiyo eye yaba edume kakhulu ngakho-ke ethakazelisa kakhulu ukukhuluma ngayo lapha. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi siqale ngesifundo se-GParted, ake sibone umbono omncane wokukubeka endaweni futhi uthole ukuthi wenzelwe ini.

Yini i-GParted?

I-GParted, njengoba ngishilo, umhleli wokwahlukanisa, okungukuthi, isoftware esebenza njengosizo lokwenza, ukubuka, ukuguqula noma ukusula ukwahlukanisa kwi-hard drive, amapeni okushayela, imemori khadi, njll. Lezi zinhlelo zesitoreji zidinga uhlobo oluthile lomhleli olufana ne-GParted ukwakha ukwahlukanisa nefomethi ezosetshenziswa amasistimu wokusebenza noma ngisho nokuhlukanisa idatha noma amasistimu wokusebenza emikhakheni ehlukene ngaphakathi kwediski efanayo.

Yini ukwahlukanisa?

Ukwahlukanisa idiski ukwahlukanisa Lokhu kungenziwa kwiyunithi yokugcina ebonakalayo (imemori ye-USB, i-hard disk, imemori khadi, i-DVD, ...). Yize incazelo ejwayelekile igcizelela ukuthi ukwahlukana okungenziwa entweni eyodwa yokugcina umzimba, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, ngoba ku-GNU / Linux naku-UX, kunethuluzi esivele sikhulume ngayo ukunweba leli khono lidlule imikhawulo ejwayelekile futhi linikeze ukuguquguquka okukhulu.

Kepha lokhu akusithakazelisi njengamanje, kuphela ukwazi ukuthi yini ukwahlukanisa nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ezinhlelweni zamakhompiyutha. Kufanele wazi futhi ukuthi yonke ukwahlukanisa kufanele kube ne- format, uhlelo lwefayela ukuze noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza lukwazi ukulihumusha. Ngalo mqondo, akuzona zonke izinhlelo ezingasekelwa yizo zonke i-OS, ngokwesibonelo iLinux ingenye yezinto ezisekelwa kakhulu. IWindows ngokwesibonelo ingasebenzisa i-FAT, FAT32 ne-NTFS, iMac OS X nayo inabo njengeHFS ne-HFS +, njll.

Abakwa-suhlelo lwefayela noma i-FS (FileSystem) Ngokuyinhloko, phakathi kwalezi zingxenye, kunesibopho sokwengeza imisebenzi yokwabela isikhala kudatha, ukuphatha isikhala samahhala, uhlobo lokufinyelela kokuvikela, njll. Okusho ukuthi, bahlela imininingwane egciniwe ukuze bakwazi ukumelwa yisoftware ...

Yilokhu esikushoyo uma sithi "ake sime ...", ukukunikeza eyodwa yalawa mafomethi kwimemori, yize sakha eyodwa noma eziningi zalezi zingxenye. Iyiphi ukusetshenziswa iyunithi yokugcina engaba ngaphandle kokwahlukanisa / ama nefomethi?

Okokufundisa kwe-GParted

Lesi sithombe esiboniswe kule migqa ngu i-GParted GUI, ithuluzi elikuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokusobala kulabo abane-phobia yomugqa womyalo noma uchwepheshe omncane. Ngakho-ke, kunikezwa isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula futhi esingasisebenzisa ukuphatha ukwahlukanisa kwethu futhi sinikeze amafomethi, hhayi ukuwafaka kuphela ku-distro yethu, kodwa nange-Live ongayilanda kuwebhu ukuze uyiqale kusuka ku- Imemori ye-RAM futhi ngaphandle kokufaka….

Landa i-GParted nokufakwa

Yebo, into yokuqala yokuba ne-GParted ukuyifaka ekusatshalalisweni kwethu noma ukuyisebenzisa kwimodi ebukhoma futhi ngalokhu esikudingayo qala ngokulanda inguqulo yakamuva ye-GParted:

• I-GParted iwebhusayithi yokulanda esemthethweni kuphi uzothola inguqulo kwama-distros ahlukile afana ne-Debian, Fedora, Ubuntu, openSUSE, noma icacisa futhi umyalo okufanele uwusebenzise ku-terminal ukufakwa esikhundleni sokuyilanda kuwebhu. Kule webhusayithi uzothola ikhodi yomthombo kanye ne-Live version ye-GParted ngezinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene, zezinhlelo ze-i686 (32-bit), i686-PAE (ene-Physical Address Extension kumasistimu angama-32-bit) kanye no-amd64 (wama-64- kancane). Uma kwenzeka ukhethe i-Live, kuzodingeka uyidlulisele ku-USB noma kwi-CD ukuze ukwazi ukuyivula.

Uma ufuna ukukwenza ngqo kusuka kukhonsoliUkufaka i-GParted ku-distro yakho ngaphandle kokulanda, kufanele uthayiphe okulandelayo:

• Okwe-Debian, Ubuntu kanye nokuphuma kokunye:

sudo apt-get install gparted

• I-openSUSE:

sudo zypper install gparted

• OkweFedora:

su -c "yum install gparted" 

Uma ukhetha i-LiveUma usuyilandile i-ISO, okuzothi, ngendlela, kuzofanele usebenzise imodi yeLifa ezinhlelweni zesimanje nge-UEFI (okokusebenza okuthengwe kusuka ku-2010 approx.), Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukusishisa kwi-optical disc noma ipendrive. Ungakwenza kanjani? Yebo, ukuze ungafuneki, ungathola imininingwane kusuka ku- enye yezindatshana zethu lapha. Kuyo ngichaze ukuthi ungayishisa kanjani i-ISO ependini ukuze ukwazi ukuyivula kusuka kusistimu ye-UEFI, kuphela lokho esikhundleni sokuthi ibe yi-Ubuntu izothunyelwa nge-GParted ... , kwenze ngethuluzi lakho olikhethayo lokurekhoda (i-Brasero, k3b,…).

Ngendlela, uma ukwazi ukuqala i-Live, uzothola imenyu lapho kufanele ukhethe khona okulandelayo:

1. I-GParted Live (inketho ezenzakalelayo)
2. Khetha i-Keymap kusuka kuhlu lwe-arch (ukukhetha ulimi lekhibhodi yakho, kuleli cala i-ES)
3. Khetha u-0 ukuqala ngemodi yokuqhafaza futhi iwindi elifanayo lizovela sengathi ulifakile ku-distro yakho, ukuze uqhubeke ngokufundisa ngaphandle kokukhetha okukhethiwe, bukhoma noma ukufakwa ...

Izinyathelo zokuqala

Manje sisebenzise i-GParted kusistimu yethu, kungaba ngokuyisebenzisa kusuka ku-RAM ngemodi ebukhoma noma ngokuvula uhlelo kusuka ku-distro yethu. Into eyodwa engingakaze ngiyisho ngaphambili kepha lokho kusobala, ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukusebenza nazo zonke izingxenye ezivela kuhlelo lokusebenza, kodwa kusuka ku-Live. Lokhu kujwayelekile, ngoba lapho isebenza ku-RAM, unazo zonke izingxenye zamahhala ukuze ukwazi ukuzisebenzisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusukela kuhlelo lokusebenza uzobe "unyathela" ukwahlukanisa okusetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza ngaleso sikhathi ...

Uma sesikushilo lokho, siqala ngokusebenza kwangempela kwe-GParted. Ku-interface esiyibonayo imenyu phezulu, ibha yamathuluzi enezinkinobho ezisheshayo kanye nokwahlukanisa noma isikhethi sedivayisi yokugcina, ngezansi nje kuzoba nebha ehlukanisiwe noma engekho emabhokisini anemibala ayizingxenye ezikuleyunithi yokugcina ekhethiwe futhi ngemuva sizobona ukuwohloka kweminye imininingwane yokwahlukaniswa okushiwo noma izikhala ezingafakwanga ... Uzokwazi futhi ukubona imisebenzi elindile i-GParted ezoyenza ngqo emaphethelweni ewindi futhi ezosetshenziswa lapho uchofoza inkinobho ethi "Faka isicelo" uma usuyicacisile.

Yebo, ukwenza nge-GParted kulula kakhulu:

1. Khetha iyunithi kusikhethi lapho ufuna ukusebenza khona (i-hard drive, i-USB stick, imemori khadi, njll). Kufanele ivele kwimenyu yokukhetha idonsela phansi, uma ixhunywe kukhompyutha.
2. Manje ukwahlukaniswa kuzokhonjiswa, uma ikhona, kusuka kuleyo yunithi yokugcina. Uma kungekho ukwahlukaniswa, isikhala esisele singenalutho sizokhonjiswa ukufometha nokusetshenziswa. Noma ngabe ukwahlukanisa noma isikhala esingenalutho, uma usikhetha negundane uzobona ukuthi ezinye izinkinobho ebezingasebenzi kubha yamathuluzi ziyafinyeleleka ukuze zisebenze ngesikhala esikhethiwe.
3. Ungakwazi futhi sebenzisa inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla kucezu noma esikhaleni lapho ufuna ukusebenza khona futhi kuzoboniswa imenyu enezinketho. Uyabona ukuthi imininingwane yokwahlukaniswa ngakunye iyakhonjiswa, uma inesithonjana sokhiye ukuthi ikhiyiwe noma iyasebenza futhi awukwazi ukusebenza nayo. Uzobona umcibisholo okuthi uma uchofoza kuwo, uzokhombisa ukwahlukaniswa kokuhlukaniswa, uma kukhona, kanye nephoyinti lokugxilisa ihange, uhlelo lwefayela olusetshenzisiwe, usayizi, njll.
4. Manje kungenzeka ukuthi sikhethe ukwahlukanisa noma indawo eluhlaza. Noma kunjalo izinketho ukuthi sivunyelwe yile:
   1. Okusha: Isetshenziselwa ukudala ukwahlukanisa okusha endaweni engabelwe noma eluhlaza. Kungenxa yokuthi uma uthenge isitoreji esisha futhi iza ngaphandle kwefomethi, ukuze ikwazi ukukunikeza nokuthi isistimu iyabona ukuthi izokwazi ukusebenza nayo. Ungakha ukwahlukanisa okukodwa kuyunithi yokugcina noma eziningana, ngokuya ngezidingo zakho.
   2. Susa: isusa ukwahlukanisa okwenziwe, okulungele lapho ufuna ukukhulula leyo ngxenye yediski ukuze ujoyine lesi sikhala esiluhlaza kwesinye ukwahlukanisa okukhona kokunweba noma ukumane usishintshe.
   3. Kopisha / Namathisela ukwahlukanisa: njengoba igama layo liphakamisa likuvumela ukuthi ukopishe futhi unamathisele ukwahlukanisa endaweni enikeziwe. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi ukwahlukanisa okunamathiselwe kube ne-UUID, ifomethi nelebula efanayo naleyo ekopishiwe, engahle idale ukungqubuzana, ngakho-ke, uma ungeyena uchwepheshe, qaphela.
   4. Shintsha usayizi / hambisa: Isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa izingxenye kusuka endaweni eyodwa kwi-hard disk ziye kwenye (ezithakazelisayo uma kwenzeka umonakalo emkhakheni wediski noma imemori ukuhambisa ukwahlukanisa uye komunye umkhakha omuhle) noma ukukhulisa usayizi wazo. Isibonelo, uma sifuna ukukhulisa noma ukunciphisa usayizi wokwahlukanisa ngoba sesincane kakhulu noma simane sakha isikhala ngokusinciphisa bese sisifaka kwesinye.
   5. Ifomethi efana: fometha iyunithi yokugcina noma ukwahlukanisa ukuze uyinike uhlelo lwefayela noma i-FS phakathi kwalabo abasekelwa yi-GParted. I-GParted isekela amasistimu wefayela noma amafomethi afana ne-ext2, ext3, ext4, SWAP, FAT16, FAT32, njll. Uma ukwahlukaniswa okukhulunywa ngakho kuzosetshenziswa njengendawo yokushintshanisa, ungakhetha i-SWAP. Uma yenzelwe okunye ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-GNU / Linux, ngincoma i-ext enguqulweni yayo yesimanjemanje, i-ext4. Kepha uma okudingayo idrayivu ehambisana nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezokwabiwa, noma noma ifundwe / ibhalwe ngamanye amadivayisi afana ne-TV, amaphrinta, njll., Kufanele usebenzise i-FAT32.
   6. Hlukanisa / Hlanganani: yehlisa / faka idivayisi / i-dev / xxx kusuka endaweni yayo yokukhweza ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza nayo uma ingakuvumeli noma umane ukuyithoba uma kunesidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usuqedile, kuvuselela ukusatshalaliswa ukukhombisa okuqukethwe okubuyekeziwe esikrinini.
   7. Bheka: ihlola ukwahlukanisa, izothola futhi izame ukulungisa izinkinga ezithola ekwahlukaneni uma konakele noma konakele.
   8. I-UUID: ivumela ukushintsha i-Universal Unique Identifier yedivayisi okukhulunywa ngayo. Lokhu kungcono kushiywe kungathintwanga uma singenalo ulwazi oluningi.
   9. I-Tag: amagama noma amalebula ivolumu.
   10. Ulwazi: ibonisa ukwahlukanisa okuningiliziwe noma ulwazi lwevolumu.
5. Lapho sesikhethe umsebenzi esifuna ukuwenza, kuzokwanela ukunikeza isithonjana esifana nomkhaza oluhlaza noma i-V Ebhokisini lamathuluzi naku-GParted uzokwazi ukusebenzela ukwenza okudingayo ... Linda ukuthi liqede futhi uqaphele ukuthi ikhompyutha ayicimi noma ibhethri liphela phakathi nenqubo noma ukwahlukaniswa kungaba ilimele futhi ilahlekelwe yimininingwane. Ngakho-ke uma usebenzisa i-laptop, ngaso sonke isikhathi yixhume kunethiwekhi ngesikhathi senqubo.

Ungakhohlwa ukushiya imibono yakho ngokungabaza, iziphakamiso noma ukugxeka, uma unakho. Ngizozama ukubaphendula bonke ...