I-LVM: hlanganisa amadrayivu anzima sengathi ayenye kuphela

I-GNU Linux isebenziseka kakhulu, akekho ongabazayo lokho. Kepha mhlawumbe abanye abasebenzisi abawazi amanye amathuluzi noma amathuba asinikeza wona futhi angenza lula usuku lwethu lwanamuhla noma enze izinto ezinhle kakhulu. Kule ndatshana sizokhuluma nge-LVM (Logical Volume Manager), ithuluzi okuthi, yize ekuqaleni belingadalelwanga iLinux, kamuva lathunyelwa futhi manje abasebenzisi beLinux bangajabulela amathuba alo.

I-LVM ngumphathi wevolumu enengqondo njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, ekuqaleni bekuyi-cIdalwe nguHeinz Mauelshagen ngo-1998 ngohlelo lwe-HP-UX, I-UNIX ye-HP. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izosetshenziswa ku-Linux kernel. Ngayo ungakhulisa usayizi wamaqembu anengqondo, kanye nemiqulu enengqondo, izifinyezo zokufunda kuphela, uphathe i-RAID, njll. Kepha isici esisithandayo ngale ndatshana ukuhlanganisa ama-hard drive amaningi.

I-LVM "ingabona" ​​amaqembu e-disk kanye nokwahlukanisa kukonke esikhundleni sokuphatha izikhala eziningi ezizimele. Kungakho-ke singakwazi ukujoyina ukwahlukaniswa okuningana njengokukodwa, ukunweba izingxenyana ezithile kwamanye amadiski ahlukene aphathekayo, sidlale ngamadiski amaningi kumodi ye-RAID, engeza ama-hard drive, "ashisayo" noma "ashintshanayo ashisayo", ngaphandle kokukhohlwa umsebenzi we "snapshot" ukudala izipele .

Ungakwenza kanjani lokhu? Hhayi-ke, ngokuyisisekelo sibonga ukusingathwa kwemiqondo emithathu:

• I-PV (Ivolumu Yomzimba): yimiqulu ebonakalayo, okungukuthi, ama-hard drive noma izingxenye zekhompyutha.
• I-VG (Iqembu Levolumu): iqembu levolumu, yindawo lapho ama-PVs nama-VL ahlangana khona.
• I-LV (Ivolumu enengqondo)amavolumu anengqondo noma amadivayisi lapho kungakhiwa khona izinhlelo zefayela noma i-FS.

Ukusebenza ne-LVM, singasebenza kusuka esigungwini ngamathuluzi amathathu amakhulu:

• dala: Ungakha amavolumu omzimba ngokujoyina ama-hard drive noma ukwahlukanisa okuhlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ake sijoyine ukwahlukanisa / i-dev / sda3 ne / dev / sdb1:

pvcreate /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb1

• vgcreate: Ungakha amaqembu evolumu, okungukuthi, ukwahlukanisa noma amadiski angokwenyama angaphansi kweqembu. Isibonelo, ukudala iqembu elibizwa nge- "data":

vgcreate datos /dev/sdb1

• lvcreate: ichaza amavolumu anengqondo azoba ngaphakathi kweqembu. Isibonelo, cabanga ukuthi ufuna ukudala ivolumu ebizwa ngokuthi "entsha" ngaphakathi kweqembu "idatha" no-8GB ngosayizi:

lvcreate --name nuevo --size 8G datos

Ake sibheke isibonelo esisebenzayoCabanga ukuthi unekhompyutha ene-x GB hard drive bese unquma ukukhulisa umthamo ngokufaka enye i-hard drive. Uma kunjalo, uhlelo lokusebenza luyiphatha kanjalo, enye i-hard drive entsha lapho kufanele wakhe khona ukwahlukana okukodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze uyisebenzise. Ngizocacisa kakhulu, ake ucabange ukuthi i-hard drive yakho ingu-120GB kuqala nokuthi unochungechunge lwamahlukanisi, kufaka phakathi / ikhaya elihlala ama-80GB alabo abangu-120 futhi libizwa ngokuthi / dev / sda3, lapho / dev / sda1 kuyinto ukwahlukanisa izimpande / kanye / dev / sda2 i-SWAP ...

Manje uthola i-hard drive yakho entsha ene-500GB (/ dev / sdb1) yesikhala esingeziwe, kepha esikhundleni sokwenza enye ingxenye, ufuna ukuthi ikhaya lakho libe ne-580GB. Lokhu kungenzeka nge-LVM, okwenza / dev / sda kanye / dev / sdb kube ibukwa uhlelo lokusebenza njengedivayisi eyodwa, ukwahlukanisa okukodwa okutholakala ngokomzimba kuma-hard drive amabili ahlukene. Futhi lokhu kumane kungenzeka okuncane kokuningi okuvunyelwa yi-LVM futhi kungenziwa kanjena:

—Ngaphambi kwalutho, YENZA IKHOPHI LESIPELE LESEKHAYA / EKHAYA NJENGOBA LIZOKWENZEKA -

sudo -i

unmount /dev/sda3

unmount /dev/sdb1

vgcreate lvm /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb1

modprobe dm-mod

lvcreate -n home -l 100% VG lvm

mkfs.ext4 /dev/lvm/home

mount /dev/lvm/home /home

Konke okusele ukuhlela ifayela / etc / fstab Ngakho-ke ungafaki ama-pratitions / dev / sda3 kanye / dev / sdb1 ekuqaleni kohlelo, wehluleka lokho, mount / dev / lvm / home / home. Uma sithayipha okulandelayo (sebenzisa i-gedit, nano noma noma yisiphi isihleli sombhalo osifunayo ...):

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

Siyabona okuqukethwe ukukuhlela, Sizobona ukuthi kunamazwana # neminye imigqa yokufaka ama-partitions esinawo njengamanje ku-distro yethu. Qaphela, izikhala akuzona izikhala ezejwayelekile, lapho uhlela, sebenzisa i-TAB ukubeka isikhala kokuqukethwe! Uzobona ukuthi ungabeka okuthile okufana ne-UUID = XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX, kepha ungafaka lokhu gibberish kwe / dev / sdx ngaphandle kwezinkinga ... okungukuthi, egameni lehlukaniso njengoba linjalo. Esimweni sethu kuzodingeka ususe (noma okungcono kunokususa, beka # ekuqaleni komugqa ukuze ubeke amazwana, ngakho-ke uma kunenkinga noma kungasebenzi, singahlela i-fstab futhi simane sisuse umugqa wethu omusha bese sisusa i- # ukuze ibuyele ku ukumiswa kwangaphambilini ...imigqa emibili ehambelana ne- / dev / sda3 ne- / dev / sdb1 bese ungeze:

/ dev / lvm / home / home ext4 default 0 1

Qala kabusha futhi manje sizoba ne-580GB / ikhaya, sijoyine ama-hard drive amabili sengathi ayodwa. Vele ungahluka ngamapharamitha ngokuthanda kwakho, sebenzisa ukwahlukanisa okufunayo, i-FS oyifunayo (lapha sisebenzise i-EXT4, kepha ungasebenzisa noma yini oyidingayo), njll. Ngiyacela, shiya imilayezo yakho, imibuzo, imibono, njll..