IVentoy: dala i-USB ebhuthayo ngokumane uhudulele i-ISO kusendlalelo

Lapho sifuna ukuhlola noma ukufaka ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux, iningi lethu lenza i-Live USB noma i-USB yokufaka. Kunesoftware eningi yokukwenza (njenge I-Etcher o Rufus) cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza, kodwa bambalwa uma bakhona abaluleke njenge I-Ventoy engikutholile mathupha kuleli sonto ngibonga ibhulogi Ukuvuka Kwe-Linux. Ngaphezu kokubika ukuthi ikhona, okuphakathi kusinikeza lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ukufaka ithuluzi ku-Linux (futhi lapho bakhuluma nangenguqulo yeWindows).

Kodwa yini eyenza uVentoy akhetheke? Uma isifakiwe (ifakiwe kwi-pendrive) futhi lokhu kubalulekile ukuthi ukunake ngoba kufanele uthathe uhambo lokuhamba kulo ukuphela ukuze ukwenze, ukudala i-USB eBootable kulula njengokuhudula i-ISO yohlelo lokusebenza oluhambisanayo esivumelwaneni sethu. Futhi yini engcono, singabeka izithombe eziningana ze-ISO, ukuze i-USB efanayo isetshenziselwe ukufaka Ubuntu, iManjaro noma neWindows.

Izinzuzo ezinikezwa nguVentoy

• Singangeza i-ISO eminingana kupendrive efanayo. Lapho sifaka ngaphezu kweyodwa, lapho siqala kusuka kwi-USB sizobona imenyu ezosivumela ukuthi sikhethe ukuthi iyiphi i-ISO esizoyiqala.
• Itholakala ngeWindows, kepha nakwiLinux.
• Kufaka isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza, kepha ku-Windows kuphela. Abasebenzisi beLinux kufanele basebenzise i-terminal njengoba sizochaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• I-USB ingaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa njenge-pendrive ejwayelekile, okusho ukuthi singagcina amadokhumenti esikhaleni samahhala. Uma sidinga isikhala esithe xaxa, kuzofanele sisuse isithombe esisodwa noma eziningi ezingeziwe.
• Ukusekelwa kwe- "Legacy" ne- "UEFI Secure Boot".
• Isebenza ngezithombe ezingaphezu kuka-260, kufaka phakathi ezithandwa njenge-Debian / Ubuntu, CentOS, RHEL, Windows 7-10, nezingathandwa kangako njenge-ALT Linux.
• Ukuphikelela ukwesekwa (londoloza izinguquko).
• Ukuzifaka ngokwakho, okuzosebenza ezinhlelweni ezisekelwayo.
• Amafayela wokuqalisa we-WIM asekelwa.
• Isekela izithombe ze-ISO ezinkulu kune-4GB.
• Ithuba lokubuyekeza ukufakwa kweVentoy (esikhumbula ukuthi kwenziwa ku-pendrive) ngaphandle kokufomatha.

Ungalifaka kanjani ithuluzi kusuka ku-Linux

Ukhumbula ukuthi le bhulogi imayelana neLinux (yize abazondayo kufanele bakhunjuzwe ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi sibhala ngezinye izihloko ngezizathu zenzalo ejwayelekile), ukuphela kwento esizoyisho mayelana inguqulo yeWindows ukuthi ifaka phakathi isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza enembile kakhulu. Okulandelayo, sizochaza ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani i-Ventoy kwi-pendrive evela eLinux, futhi nami ngokwami ​​ngibonga ukuvukelwa kweLinux ngomsebenzi owenziwe nokuthi le ndatshana isekelwe kuwo:

1. Silanda ifayela leLinux kusuka kufayela le- ikhasi lokukhipha. Ngesikhathi sokubhala le ndatshana, inguqulo etholakalayo yi-ventoy-1.0.12-linux.tar.gz kanye nokuxhumanisa okuqondile ekulandweni kwayo ngu lokhu.
2. Sikhipha ifayela le-tar.gz elilandiwe esinyathelweni esedlule. Uma ungenzi ushintsho ngokuzayo, njengamanje sithola amafolda amathathu nemibhalo emibili. Eyokuqala yiVentoy2Disk.sh, ezofaka ithuluzi ku-USB, bese kuthi eyesibili kube yi-CreatePersistentImg.sh, ezokwakha isithombe esiphikelelayo.
3. Manje kufanele sikhombe igama ledivayisi ye-USB. Ukwenza lokhu, sikuxhuma kwikhompyutha bese sibhala umyalo olandelayo:

sudo parted -l

4. Lapho umyalo wangaphambilini usufakiwe, uzosikhombisa amadiski nezingxenye ezifakwe kukhompyutha, kufaka phakathi i-USB. Kufanele sithole ukuthi kuyini. Into enhle yokwenza izinto zibe lula ukuthi yinye kuphela exhunyiwe, esifuna ukuyisebenzisa. Umphumela owodwa ongaba yi / dev / sdd. Uma kukhona ukwahlukanisa, kuzoba nezinombolo ngemuva kwayo, njenge / dev / sdd1 noma / dev / sdd2.
5. Okulandelayo kufanele sehlise ukwahlukaniswa ngalo omunye umyalo, lapho kufanele sishintshe i- "sdXN" ngezingxenye zethu ukuze sehlise. Esibonelweni esingenhla kufanele ubhale ngemuva komyalo (kanye ngokuhlukanisa) / dev / sdd1 kanye / dev / sdd2:

sudo umount /dev/sdXN

Ukufaka isoftware

6. Manje sesifikile isikhathi sokufaka i-Ventoy, kepha hhayi ngaphambi kokuxwayisa ukuthi, njengenjwayelo lapho sizosebenzisa khona okokufaka lezi zinto, LONKE IDATHA LIZOLAHLEKA. Kulesi sinyathelo, kufanele sivule ukuphela futhi sizulazule endleleni lapho sikhiphe khona uVentoy.
7. Ukufaka i-Ventoy kudrayivu ye-USB sizosebenzisa le miyalo (sikhumbula ukushintsha i-X kuhlamvu lwegama olutholwe kusinyathelo 4):
   • Ngaphandle kwe-Boot Ephephile:

sudo ./Ventoy2Disk.sh -i /dev/sdX

• • Nge-Boot Ephephile:

sudo ./Ventoy2Disk.sh -i -s /dev/sdX

8. Izosibuza ukuthi igama le-USB lilungile yini futhi kuzofanele siqinisekise ngohlamvu «y», bese ucindezela u-Enter.

Futhi lokho kuzoba ukuphela. Manje sesizokwazi ukuhudula i-ISO iyunithi bese siqala kuleyo evumelana nathi kahle kakhulu.

Ungayakha kanjani i-USB ebhuthayo enesitoreji esiphikelelayo neVentoy

Uma esikufunayo ukudala i-USB enesitoreji esiphikelelayo, ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zangaphambilini okufanele sizenze lezi ezinye:

1. Siphinde sivule ukuphela.
2. Sihambisa kufolda lapho sikhiphe khona amafayela, lapho kukhona imibhalo enesandiso se- .sh.
3. Endleleni efanele, sibhala lo myalo, ozokwakha isithombe se-4GB EXT4. Uma sifuna ingxenye ephikelelayo ibe nkulu, kufanele sinyuse inombolo engu-4096 (eyi-1024MB -1GB- iphindaphindwe ngo-4)

sudo ./CreatePersistentImg.sh -s 4096

4. Ifayela elidaliwe lizobizwa nge- "persistence.img" futhi kufanele litholakale kufolda yeVentoy. Sixhuma i-pendrive lapho sifake khona i-Ventoy bese sikopisha ifayela le- "persistence.img" kudrayivu ye-USB.
5. Manje kuza ingxenye yobuchwepheshe ethe xaxa. Kufanele sakhe ukumiswa kwe-json kweVentoy equkethe izindlela zesithombe se-ISO namafayela aqhubekayo. Ku-USB lapho sifake khona ithuluzi, sakha ifolda ebizwa nge- "ventoy", ngaphandle kwezilinganiso.
6. Ngaphakathi kwale folda sakha ifayela elibizwa nge- "ventoy.json", futhi ngaphandle kwezilinganiso.
7. Sivula leli fayela ngesihleli sombhalo esilula bese sinamathisela okulandelayo:

{
    "persistence" : [
        {
            "image": "/ISO-file-name.iso",
            "backend": "/persistence.img"
        }
    ]
}

Kusuka kokungenhla kufanele sishintshe i- "ISO-file-name.iso" ngegama le-ISO (kanye nezindlela uma zingekho empandeni ye-USB) kanye ne- "persistence.img" ngegama lefayela lesithombe futhi path, uma kwenzeka sishintshe igama futhi alitholakali empandeni ye-USB.

Isibonelo sokuthi kuzobukeka kanjani uma sengeze ama-ISO amaningi kungaba okulandelayo:

{
    "persistence" : [
        {
            "image": "/ISO-file-name.iso",
            "backend": "/persistence-ubuntu-20.04.img"
        },    
        {
            "image": "/linuxmint-19.3-xfce-64bit.iso",
            "backend": "/persistence-linux-mint-19.3.img"
        }
    ]
}

Futhi lokho kuzoba ukuphela. Kuyacaca ukuthi, okungenani enguqulweni yeLinux, izinto ziba nzima, kepha Ngicabanga ukuthi kuzokufanele lapho singadonsa ama-ISO ukudala ama-USB wokufaka futhi sisebenzise nokugcina okuqhubekayo.

Ikhasi lephrojekthi elisemthethweni.