Utshintsha njani igama lomsebenzisi kwi-Linux inyathelo ngenyathelo

Ewe, uza kuhleka, kodwa into yokuqala ekufuneka ndiyithethile kukuba andizukuyenza into yokuqala endiza kuyichaza kweli nqaku: Utshintsha njani igama lomsebenzisi kwi-linux ukusuka kwisiphelo sendlela. Ukutshintsha igama lomsebenzisi kubandakanya izigaba ezibini, esinye apho sitshintsha igama kunye nesinye apho sitshintsha khona i-UID okanye isazisi somsebenzisi. Utshintsho aluyi kuba yi-100% ngokuchanekileyo ukuba asizenzi zombini iinkqubo.

Nangona yonke into endizakuyichaza kule post kufuneka ikhuselekile, andinguye umntu othanda ukuqinisekisa izinto ongaqinisekanga ngazo nge-100%, ndingakucebisa backup yonke idatha ebalulekileyo ngaphambi kokuqala nayiphi na inkqubo. Kwelinye icala, ndiza kuchaza enye indlela yokwenza ebonakala ikhuselekile kum. Unalo lonke ulwazi olungezantsi.

Guqula igama lomsebenzisi ngesiphelo sendlela

Andinguye umlandeli omkhulu wale ndlela. Amanyathelo amaninzi kwaye nayiphi na into inokungahambi kakuhle, kodwa kufanele ukuba yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokutshintsha igama lomsebenzisi kwiLinux. Amanyathelo aya kuba zezi zilandelayo:

1. Sitshintsha igama ngalo myalelo ulandelayo:

usermod -l nuevo-nombre viejo-nombre

Ukusuka apha ngasentla, ekuphela kwento esiya kuyenza kukutshintsha igama lomsebenzisi. Ukuba yile nto uyifunayo, uya kuba sele unayo, kodwa ayizukuba yinyani ngokupheleleyo. I-UID iya kuhlala "ligama elidala". Ke siyaqhubeka.

2. Kwisiphelo, sibhala:

usermod -u UID username

Ixabiso lamanani le-UID kufuneka libe linani elipheleleyo kwaye lingabi libi. I-0 ukuya kwi-99 zihlala zigcinelwe iiakhawunti zenkqubo.

Umzekelo osebenzayo

Kodwa kungcono ngomzekelo. Siza kulandela la manyathelo:

1. Senza ukhuphelo lwayo yonke into ebalulekileyo.
2. Siqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzisi esifuna ukumtshintsha akasetyenziswa yiyo nayiphi na inkqubo.
3. Ngoku kufuneka sibone umsebenzisi kunye namaqela abo, kwimeko yam "pablinux". Ngale nto besizakubhala "id pablinux" ngaphandle kwezicatshulwa.
4. Emva koko, sisebenzisa "grep" ukuyalela ukufumana umsebenzisi "pablinux" ulwazi oluvela / etc / passwd. Ngale nto siza kubhala "grep '^ pablinux:' / etc / passwd" ngaphandle kwezicatshulwa.
5. Oku kulandelayo kukujonga ulwazi lweqela lomsebenzisi ngale miyalelo:

grep 'pablinux' /etc/group
groups pablinux

6. Sijonge iimvume zesikhombisi somsebenzisi we-pablinux, esenza lo mthetho:

ls -ld /home/pablinux/

7. Ngoku siza kubona zonke iinkqubo zomsebenzisi kunye namaqela «pablinux» ngale miyalelo:

ps aux | grep pablinux
ps -u pablinux

Ngoku sizakutshintsha umsebenzisi as pablinux as pablinux 2

8. Sisebenzisa le miyalelo

id pablinux
usermod -l pablinux2 pablinux

9. Siyayijonga:

id pablinux
id pablinux2
ls -ld /home/pablinux

10. Sinokubona ezinye iimpazamo ukuba pablinux isebenzisa ezinye iinkqubo. Kuya kufuneka sibabulale ngale miyalelo:

pkill -u pablinux pid
pkill -9 -u pablinux
usermod -l pablinux2 pablinux

Ukutshintsha igama leqela eliphambili ukusuka pablinux ukuya pablinux2

11. Sabhala:

id pablinux
groupmod -n pablinux2 pablinux
id pablinux
ls -ld /home/pablinux

Ukutshintsha isikhombisi sasekhaya ukusuka pablinux ukuya pablinux2

12. Siza kubhala oku kulandelayo:

usermod -d /home/pablinux2 -m pablinux2
id pablinux2
ls -ld /home/pablinux2

Inyathelo lokugqibela: tshintsha i-pablinux UID ukusuka kwi-5001 ukuya kwi-1000

13. Siza kubhala oku kulandelayo:

id pablinux
usermod -u 10000 pablinux
id pablinux

Kwaye, ithiyori, inokuba yiyo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ungayitshintsha njani iphasiwedi yengcambu kwiFedora

Yidlale ikhuselekile: backup kwaye ubuyise iifayile

Enye into esinokuyenza kukudala umsebenzisi omtsha kunye nokucima endala. Kodwa ngenxa yale nto sifuna isahlulelo sokhuseleko okanye i-hard drive yangaphandle. Umbono yile ilandelayo:

1. Sikopa ifolda yethu kulwahlulelo lokhuseleko okanye idiski yangaphandle. Ukuba asifuni ukukopa yonke into, sinokukopa kuphela into esiyifunayo. Umzekelo, ukuba sicinezela i-Ctrl + H, uninzi lonikezelo lweLinux luya kubonisa iifayile ezifihliweyo. Singazigcina iifolda zamaXwebhu, uMculo, iiFoto, njl, njlnjl.
2. Usasazo ngalunye lweLinux luneesetingi ezahlukeneyo / usetyenziso olukhethiweyo, ke ndiza kuyithetha ngokukuko (ngokusekwe Kubuntu). Siya kuKhetho lweNkqubo / uMlawuli woMsebenzisi. Ngenye indlela, sinokukhangela "Abasebenzisi" kuseto lwenkqubo yethu yokusebenza.
3. Apha sinika (+) okanye «Umsebenzisi omtsha».
4. Sibeka igama elitsha kunye negama lokugqitha.
5. KUBALULEKILE: sikunika iimvume zomlawuli.

6. Siqala kwiakhawunti entsha.
7. Sifumana kwakhona idatha ebesiyigcine kwinyathelo 1.
8. SIQWALASELA ukuba yonke into isebenza ngokuchanekileyo.
9. Ukuba konke kuhamba kakuhle, sinokucima iakhawunti yethu yakudala.

Olu ayilulo utshintsho olusebenzisayo, kodwa lunokusisebenzela kwaye luyinkqubo ekhuselekileyo kuba asikhange sibambe nantoni na kwinkqubo kwaye sinedatha ebalulekileyo kugcino.

Kuthekani ngokufaka kwakhona inkqubo yokusebenza?

Nawuphi na umsebenzisi ofake iLinux ngokwakhe uya kukhumbula ukuba ikhona linyathelo apho siqwalasela khona igama lomsebenzisi, igama lekhompyuter kunye negama lokugqitha. Elo iya kuba linyathelo elibalulekileyo. Ingxaki kuphela kukuba le nkqubo ingathatha ixesha. Amanyathelo anokulandelwa ngala alandelayo:

1. Senza i-LiveCD okanye i-LiveUSB. Ukwenza oku, sinokuqhubeka esi sikhokelo.
2. Siqala ikhompyuter kwi-LiveUSB.
3. Saqala ufakelo.
4. Kwicandelo loluphi uhlobo lofakelo esifuna ukulwenza, sikhetha u- "Phinda ufake kwakhona". Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba oku kuyakubuyisela inkqubo yokusebenza kwaye amaxesha amaninzi awunakufaka kwakhona isoftware ebesiyifakile. Ukuphinda ufake inkqubo yokusebenza kufuneka ushiye ifolda yasekhaya ingafakwanga, oko kuthetha ukuba ukufaka iinkqubo kwakhona kuya kubuyela kuseto olufanayo.
5. Siyaqhubeka nokufaka njengamaxesha onke de sifike kwicandelo ekukhetheni igama lomsebenzisi. Apha sikhetha igama lomsebenzisi elitsha.
6. Silindele ukufakela ukugqiba.
7. Xa siqala inkqubo yokusebenza siya kuba negama lethu lomsebenzisi elitsha.

Kubonakala kubalulekile kum ukuba ndicacise ukuba, njengeenkqubo ezininzi zekhompyuter, into ayinakuvela njengoko bekulindelwe, ke ukhuphelo lubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifolda yethu / yasekhaya ayenzi naluphi na utshintsho, kufanelekile ukuba nesahlulelo esinikezelwe kwifolda yethu. Kule meko, kuhlobo lofakelo esifuna ukulwenza, siya kukhetha «Ngaphezulu» kwaye apha siza kubonisa ukuba yeyiphi isahlulelo / sekhaya, siya kuyiphawula njalo kwaye ngekhe siyiphawule ngokufomatha. Yile nto bendiyenza ngaphezulu kweshumi leminyaka kwaye andikaze ndiphulukane nayo nayiphi na idatha.

Njengoko benditshilo ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, ndinento yokwenza nokuba "kunzima". Ndine-1TB hard drive + i-128GB SSD apho ndifaka khona inkqubo yokusebenza, ke ndinesahlulelo esingu-500GB apho ndigcina yonke into ibalulekile. KWIMEKO YAM, kwimeko yayo nayiphi na ingxaki ndigqiba kwelokuba ndifake, ngamanye amaxesha ukusuka ku-0, kwaye ndibuyise idatha kwi-backup. Ukhetha ukwenza ntoni?

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Iinkqubo kunye neenkqubo zokuthintela iintlekele kwiLinux