Uthando olugqithisileyo lomthombo ovulekileyo ngabaphathi abathile abaphambili beMicrosoft lwenza abaninzi ekurhaneni. Abanye bethu bakholelwa ukuba akukho njongo zimnyama, kodwa ngumtshato wento elula. Nangona kunjalo, yayinguSteven Sinofsky, owayesakuba yintloko yamacandelo eWindows neOfisi, owabeka izinto ezimnyama kumhlophe. Yintoni etshintshileyo yimakethi yesoftware, kwaye umthombo ovulekileyo ulunge ngakumbi kunenyani entsha kunesoftware yokuthengisa.
Olu ngcelele lwamanqaku luzama ukuqonda ukuba lwenzeka njani olo tshintsho kwaye kutheni ilungile kwiLinux. Kule posi siza kuchaza ukuba yayiyintoni impembelelo yoovulindlela kwi-Intanethi kuluntu lwesoftware yasimahla.
Kufuneka ndiyicacise into. Imbali ayilulo ngokulandelelana kweziganeko. Kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba abantu abakhethe umsebenzi ofanayo, bafunda kwiincwadi ezifanayo kwaye bajongana neengxaki ezifanayo, baya kusebenza kwizisombululo ezifanayo ngokufanayo. Kuyaziwa ukuba maninzi amaziko eMelika aphanda ngendlela yokuqhagamshela iikhompyuter, kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ayekwenza okufanayo eSoviet Union naseYurophu. Kodwa, Imvumelwano ngokubanzi kukuba imvelaphi ye-Intanethi ikwiNkqubo yoPhando oluPhucukileyo lweeArhente zeNethiwekhi (ARPA).
Besesimkile inqaku elidlulileyo kuvavanyo lokuqala oluyimpumelelo phakathi kweekhompyuter ezimbini ezikude. Masibone ukuba umxholo uqhubeka njani.
Ukuvumela unxibelelwano phakathi kweekhompyuter, kwakuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa into eyayisaziwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yeMiyalezo ye-Intanethi. (IMP) Umsebenzi we-IMP yayikuku fumana iipakethi zedatha (khumbula ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kolwazi kwahlulwa kubude obude obuqingqiweyo) phinda uyihlanganise kwakhona uyidlulisele kwikhompyuter esembindini. Kwikhompyuter nganye esembindini okanye kwindawo apho kuya kubakho i-IMP.
Ukuphela kuka-1969 kwakusele kukho iiyunivesithi ezine zonxibelelwano; I-UCLA, iStanford, iYunivesithi yaseCalifornia eSanta Barbara kunye neDyunivesithi yase-Utah.
Ibali liya kuthi umyalezo wokuqala (awuzukubhidaniswa nedatha) othunyelweyo yayililizwi lokuNgena. Kodwa, njengoko inkqubo yaphazamiseka, babenokuhambisa uLo kuphela. Kuthathe iiyure ezimbalwa ukuqala kwakhona igama eliphambili le-UCLA kunye nokuthumela igama elipheleleyo.
Oovulindlela kwi-Intanethi kunye nefuthe labo kuluntu lwesoftware yasimahla
Enye yeengxaki ezaziza kusonjululwa indlela yokwenza izixhobo eziveliswe ngabavelisi abohlukeneyo bakwazi ukunxibelelana nabanye ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo. Ngaphandle kwempendulo yezobuchwephesha, ibali libalulekile kuthi. Indlela yokusebenza ekhethiweyo iya kwamkelwa kumashumi eminyaka kamva luluntu olusemva kwesininzi seeprojekthi zesoftware yasimahla.
Ngokumangalisayo umzimba wombuso, I-ARPA ayikhange ihlanganise ulwakhiwo olunomsebenzi wophuhliso lweenkqubo zonxibelelwano. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngabafundi abathile abaphumeleleyo abasebenza kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo zeSebe lezoKhuselo.
Njengoko babengenaso isakhiwo esisesikweni sokubaqulatha, bagqiba kwelokuba basebenzisane ngokungekho sikweni.s kwaye upapashe iingcebiso zayo kwiinkqubo eziphantsi kwesihloko esithi Isicelo seNgcaciso (RFC).
Esi sihloko sanyulwa njenge indlela yokwandisa ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nengxoxo yasimahla yomxholo.
I-RFC eya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kuphuhliso lweLinux kunye nesoftware yasimahla inesiqalo esithobekileyo. Yayibhalwe kwigumbi lokuhlambela kuba umbhali wayo wayengafuni ukuvusa abantu awayehlala nabo.
Inkokheli yeqela leqela, uSteve Crocker, wayefuna unxibelelwano olubhaliweyo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba (wonke umntu owayefuna ukuba) babe kwiimemorandam ezingacwangciswanga kunye nezexeshana. Injongo yokuphela yayikukufikelela kwimvumelwano ngokubanzi kunye nokubhala ikhowudi esebenzayo.
Ayikuko ukuba bekukho inkqubo yokubala iivoti. Izihloko bezixoxwa de bafumane into wonke umntu avumelana ngayo.
Le ndlela yokusebenza ineenjongo ezimbini:
- Okokuqala, amaxwebhu abhaliweyo ahlala ejongwa njengokucacileyo kwaye into efunwa liqela kukusebenzisa iiRFCs njengesiqalo, hayi njengesithintelo.
- Okwesibini, injongo yayikukuthintela utyekelo lokufuna ukugqibelela okusoloko kubangela amathandabuzo xa kupapashwa into.
IiRFCs zokuqala bamisela umthetho-siseko wokuba akukho mbhalo kufuneka uthathwe njengemfundiso, kwaye awunakuba nohlelo olucacileyo. Baye bathetha ukuba Igunya lalithatyathwa kumgangatho onguwo hayi kulawulo olusisigxina.
Crocker namaqabane akhe cBenze indlela yokusebenza evumela ukuba kuchazwe iiprothokholi ezilawula ngokuchanekileyo lonke utshintsho lwedatha emhlabeniukuya. Isiqhamo sokuqala sobuchwephesha somsebenzi wakhe yayiziProtokholi zoLawulo lweNethiwekhi ezivumela unxibelelwano phakathi kweekhompyuter.
Nangona kunjalo, Elona lifa lakhe lixabisekileyo, lentsebenziswano evulekileyo, iya kuqhubeka nathi xa i-Intanethi ingumbulelo wexesha elidlulileyo.
Eli bali liza kuqhubeka…