Malunga neBitTorrent protocol. Ezinye iinkcukacha zokusebenza kwayo

Kulo nqaku yangaphambili Ndiqalile Intshayelelo emfutshane malunga nendlela esebenza ngayo iBitTorrent protocol eyona ndlela ndiyithandayo yokwabelana ngeefayile kwiinethiwekhi zeP2P. Sasivumile ukuba inkqubo ibandakanya ukuvelisa ifayile ye-torrent kunye nokwabelana ngayo nge-tracker (Iseva ejongene nokunxibelelana nayo yonke inethiwekhi ngokufumaneka kunye nendawo yefayile kunye nendawo yokuyifumana). Enye indlela kukusebenzisa ikhonkco lamagnetic, apho ukhangela i-node nge-node de ufumane ifayile. Le yindlela eqhubeka ngayo le nkqubo.

Kufuneka kucace ukuba Umkhandi ufana namaphepha atyheli. Iqulethe kuphela ulwazi malunga nokuba ungayifumana phi into, kodwa ayithathi nxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kutshintshiselwano.

Xa elinye ilungu leswarm (Iseti yeekhompyuter eziqhagamshelwe kumsebenzi womnatha) inomdla kwifayile iqala ngokukhuphela amaqhekeza ayo (Ndiza kungena kwiinkcukacha malunga naloo nto kamva.) Ekufikeleleni kwinqanaba elithile lokukhupha qala ukwabelana ngezo fayile nabanye abaxumi abanomdla kwifayile efanayo. Ngamanye amazwi, wonke umntu okhuphela loo fayile unikezela nge-bandwidth ukuze abanye bakwazi ukuyikhuphela, ukwandisa isantya kubo bonke.

Khuphela iifayile ngeprotocol yeBitTorrent. Iindima.

Ngoku ndifuna ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi amacandelo ahlukeneyo enethiwekhi yeBitTorrent kunye nomsebenzi wabo.

Umkhondo

Umkhondo weBitTorrent Yiseva efake isoftware ejongene nokulungelelanisa ukuhanjiswa kweefayile phakathi kwabasebenzisi. Umncedisi okhankanywe ngasentla akamkeli iikopi zeefayile kuba umsebenzi wayo kukwenza ukuba izibini zihlangane.

Ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi, umkhondo kunye nomxhasi usebenzisa iprotocol elula kwi-HTTP efana neyomsebenzisi ongena kwiphepha lewebhu. Kulo tshintshiselwano, abathengi bazisa umkhondo malunga nefayile abafuna ukuyikhuphela, i-IP yayo kunye ne-port, kwaye umkhondo uphendula ngoluhlu lwabalingane abakhuphela ifayile efanayo kunye nolwazi lwabo loqhagamshelwano. Abo benza uluhlu olusecaleni kwalowo ufuna ukuyongeza kukhuphelo benza "ibubu" elikhankanywe ngasentla. Nangona kunjalo, eli nyathelo linokuphetshwa ukususela ekubeni abathengi be-BitTorrent baphumeze iteknoloji ye-Distributed Hash Table (DHT) apho i-node nganye ithatha indima yokulandelela.

Ifayile yetorrent

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-metaninfo, inolwandiso .torrent kwaye yiyo ekhutshelwa kwiiwebhusayithi ezininzi eziqokelela imisinga.

Le fayile iqulethe ulwazi olukhowudiweyo oluquka i-URL yesirhubuluzi, igama lefayile, kunye neehashes zamalungu efayile ukuqinisekisa ukuba zeziphi ezikhutshelweyo.. Ukwenza le fayile umxhasi weBitTorrent ufuna indawo yefayile yoqobo kunye ne-url yesikhasi.

Iimbewu

Ukususela kumzuzu ifayile ilayishwa okokuqala, iqela laziwa njenge-seeder okanye seeder kwaye kufuneka lihlale liqhagamshelwe kwi-swarm de yonke enye i-swarm ibe nekopi yefayile ukuze abanye baqhubeke beyikhuphela. Igama lesidlaliso lomhlwayeli likwasetyenziselwa abathengi abathi, bekhuphele ifayile, basaqhagamshelwe ngokupheleleyo ukuvumela abanye ukuba bafikelele kuyo. Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba iprotocol ihlawulela abo babelana ngokuyinika kuqala ekukhutshelweni.

Iileecher (iileeches)

Akuyimfuneko ukuba ilungu le-swarm okanye intanga ibe nefayile yonke ukwabelana ngayo. Oontanga abangenayo ikopi epheleleyo yefayile babizwa ngokuba yi-leechers okanye i-leeches. I-leechers icela umkhondo uluhlu lwamanye amalungu eqela elinamalungu angekhoyo efayile. I-leecher iya kuthi ke iqhubeke nokukhuphela inxalenye efunekayo yezo zibini. Kwangaxeshanye, i-leecher iya kuqhubeka nokusasaza iindawo ezikhutshelweyo sele kugqityiwe.Yakuba iLeecher ikhuphele onke amalungu, iyawaqinisekisa ngeehashes ezikhoyo kwifayile yolwazi lwemeta.

Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kuthetha ngemithetho elawula ukusebenza phakathi kwamaqela.