I-NVIDIA ithenga i-ARM: iziphumo zolu shishino

Iindaba zazisele zikho umzuzwana. Amarhe okuba kunokwenzeka ukuthengwa kwe-ARM yi-NVIDIA babesiya besomelela. Ngaphandle koko, kwakusekho ithemba, njengokuthi ukufunyanwa akuzange kwamkelwe, okanye ukuba uBoris Johnson uvotele ukuthengwa ukuze asindise ikomkhulu laseCambridge e-United Kingdom. Kodwa akukho nanye eyenzekileyo kwaye okona kulindelweyo kuye kwafezekiswa. Kwaye kwakungekho themba lingako ...

Uninzi lunokucinga ukuba intshukumo yinto elungileyo, kwaye inyani kukuba ixhomekeke kubani. Ngokuqinisekileyo i-NVIDIA ayihlawulanga 40.000 iidola ezigidi ukonwaba. Eli nyathelo liza kumzisela izibonelelo ezinkulu kunye nendawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo, kodwa kunjalo kuya kubakho amaxhoba amaninzi apha endleleni, kwaye eyona iphambili inokuba yi-ARM uqobo.

Intshayelelo kwi-ARM

Ikhompyuter yeAcorn Yayiyinkampani eyasekwa nguHermann Hauser kunye noChris Curry, kunye neprojekthi ekhokelwa nguSophie Wilson kunye noSteve Furber, phakathi kwabanye. Oku kuya kuqala ukuphuhlisa uyilo lwe-ARM ngo-1983, ukumilisela imveliso yayo yokuqala esekwe kuyo ngo-1987. Injongo yokuqala yayikukukhulisa iprosesa ehambele phambili enobugcisa obufana noMOS 6502, uhlobo lweRISC. Ngale ndlela wayenokuxhobisa umgca wakhe weekhompyuter zakhe ukubuyisela iichips ezingama-6502 ezazisekwe ngelo xesha, kwaye ababhekisi bazo bekhululekile.

Ekuqaleni, umatshini we-Acorn RISC (kamva Umatshini ophambili we-RISC) wawungenamdla ungaphaya kwezi mveliso zobunini. Kodwa ngokufika kwezixhobo eziphathwayo, ubudlelwane babo obuhle ukusebenza kwamandla ombane, zibeke usukelo lomntu wonke. Baye basuka ekubeni phantse kunqabile baba kuninzi lwezixhobo, ukusuka kwiimodem, iirouters, iiTV, njengabalawuli bezinto ezininzi, ukuya kwizixhobo eziphathwayo.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkampani ezinje ngeCavium (ngoku eyeyeMarvel) kunye neThunderX yayo, iAmazon neGraviton yayo, I-Fujitsu kunye ne-A64FX yayo, Ndingowakho Iprojekthi ye-EPI, njl., babenomdla kwi-ARM ngaphaya kwe-elektroniki ephathekayo, ukuze bayiphumeze kwicandelo le- HPC, Njenge amaziko edatha. Kwaye ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, abanye babedala iichips ezinokusebenza okuphezulu ukuqala ukunika amandla iiPC ezithile, ezinje ngeeChannelbook ezithile, inkampani yeCupertino ngokwayo I-Apple Silicon Nje ukuba bayilahle i-Intel, njl.

Ngamafutshane, "ubusuku bonke," i-ARM isuke ekubeni yinto encinci eyaziwayo ukuba iyinto esebenzayo Yonke indawo. Into ekhumbuza ukuqhubela phambili kwe-Linux kernel ngokwayo ...

Ibali elifutshane elifutshane, ishishini elitsha le-Arm liguqulwe laba yenye yezona nkampani zifunwayo. Isigebenga saseJapan SoftBank wenza inyathelo eliyintlekele eYurophu, ethenga inkampani nge-28.950 yezigidi zeerandi, ethatha enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwezobuchwephesha ezasala kwilizwekazi elidala (okucacileyo kuxhomekeke kubuchwephesha e-US nase China). Kodwa amaJapan ayenempahla yayo okwexeshana, okoko ukuthengwa kwenzeka ngo-2016 kwaye ngo-2020 kuthengisiwe ...

Kwaye hayi ngokuchanekileyo kuba ishishini belingenangeniso, kuba indlela apho iArm kufuneka ifake ngayo itekhnoloji yayo kwabanye inemveliso. Kwaye uyenza ngababini iimodeli ezahlukeneyo:

• Ivumela Sebenzisa i-ISA ARM yakhoOko kukuthi, ireferensi yemiyalelo abayenzileyo. Nabani na ofuna ukuyisebenzisa angayenza, njengoko uFujitsu eyenzile ngeetshipsi zayo ze-A64FX, eziyilo loyilo oluncinci olwenziwe kwasekuqaleni kusetyenziswa le seti yemiyalelo. Iapile Silicon lelinye lala matyala, kusetyenziswa i-ISA ARM, kodwa kuyilo olwenziwe yiApple uqobo lwayo ngee-A-Series chips zayo.
• Enye into enokubangela ukuba ikhuphe ilayisensi yayo Iimpawu ze-IP sele yenzelwe. Oko kukuthi, ukubonelela ngokwakhiwa kwezinto ezincinci esele zenziwe ukuze abanye abayili bakwazi ukuzidibanisa kuyilo lwabo. Le yimeko yeprojekthi ye-EPI uqobo (i-ARM CPU + RISC-V izincedi), okanye uninzi lwee-SoCs zezixhobo eziphathwayo, ezinje ngeQualcomm Snapdragon, iSamsung Exynos, iMediatek Helio, iHiSilicon Kirin, njl.njl. -M cores,… Kule meko, inkqubo ebiza imali yokuyila ubugcisa obuncinci iyagcinwa.

Kumatyala omabini, ingalo ihlawulwa ngokufumana isibonelelo esichaziweyo ... Isibonelelo ebesingelilo Eyona nyusi iphambili yeNVIDIA ukuthenga ulwahlulo lweengalo kwiSoftBank, kuba umdla kaGraphzilla ungaphaya koko, kwaye kugxilwe ekufumaneni inzuzo kunye nolawulo kumacandelo athile njengoko ndiza kwenza iinkcukacha ngoku. Ngendlela, njengoko sele uyazi, ukuthengwa kuya kuvala i-40.000 yezigidi zeedola, malunga ne-33.770 yezigidi zeerandi.

Kwakhona, loo modeli Isiseko sempumelelo yeArm. Ukuba isusiwe, impumelelo inokunyamalala kwaye isuke ingalo eyoyisayo iye kwisixhobo nje esixhamlayo seNVIDIA. Kwaye ndifuna ukuyenza icace ukuba ayisiyiyo le monologue ngokuchasene neNVIDIA, kodwa kufuneka iqondwe ukuba ibandakanya umngcipheko omkhulu kuye wonke umntu. Akuzange ngaphambili kubekho inkxalabo enkulu malunga nokufunyanwa kwale milinganiselo.

Ngubani oza kuchaphazeleka kukuthengwa kwe-NVIDIA yeNVIDIA?

Abanye Amagama agunyazisiweyo kunye nabahlalutyi beshishini Itekhnoloji, kunye namazwi asondele kakhulu kwingalo, qinisekisa ukuba esi sivumelwano sinokuchaza isiphelo seArm uqobo, ubuncinci njengoko usazi ngoku. Ukuba enye imveliso enye yezinto zeNVIDIA ukulawula amanye amacandelo apho ngoku i-NVIDIA ingenakho ukulawula phambi kwezinye iinkampani ezinkulu.

Nangona abaninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba Iimodeli Iintsimbi ze-IP okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-ISA kuya kuhlala kunjalo emva kwesivumelwano, ayizizo zonke ezikhuselekileyo ngokulinganayo. Ke ngoko, into yokuba bayekile ukubonelela ngayo nayiphi na into iya kuthetha ilahleko enkulu kunye nokubuyela umva kweenkampani ezinje ngeSamsung, iQualcomm, iMediatek, kunye nexesha elide njl. ngoku kuxhomekeke kwenye yezo modeli.

Ngendlela, ndihlala ndicaphula iinkampani ezinje ngeSamsung, iQualcomm, iMediatek, iHiSilicon, iApple, njl, kodwa ayizizo zodwa. Abanye bathenga iilayisensi ezinje ngeIntel, AMD (yeeProsesa zoKhuseleko), Rockchip, Marvel, Renesas, STMicroelectronics, NXP, Amazon, Fujitsu, Broadcom (kuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, iichips ze Raspberry Pi) kunye nezinye ezininzi. Zonke ngoku ziphantsi kokungaqiniseki okubonakalayo, kwaye uninzi lwazo lukhuphisana ngokuthe ngqo kwi-NVIDIA kwamanye amacandelo ...

Ngaphezu, ngoku ungowenkampani yaseMelika, Iveto kaTrump kwiimfazwe zakhe zorhwebo ngokuchasene neChina okanye iYurophu, unokuthintela abanye ekusebenziseni itekhnoloji yeArm, eya kuthi ibe yintlekele yokwenene. Kwaye yeyokuba uyilo lobuchwephesha kukhuphiswano ukusuka ekuqaleni ayisiyonto yeentsuku okanye iinyanga, kuthatha ixesha elininzi kunye nemali, kungoko kungabeka iinkampani ezininzi emngciphekweni ocacileyo.

Kwakhona, amazwi anje URyan Smith, yeAnandTech, ivakalise ukuba isivumelwano sokuthengwa yayiyinxalenye elula yesivumelwano. Into enzima ngoku iya kuba kukuqinisekisa bonke abathengi ngoku abaxhomekeke kwiArm ukuba bahlale.

Elinye lawona mazwi abaluleke kakhulu ibingumenzi-mveliso wangaphambili oshiye umhlala-phantsi, njengoko kunjalo Chia Kok Hua. Uye wothusa malunga nokuthengwa okunokwenzeka kangangexesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba yenzeke, kwaye ubanga ukuba unolwazi lomthombo wokuqala malunga nesivumelwano, eqinisekisa ukuba asilunganga. Uya phambili kwaye aqinisekise ukuba, nokuba i-NVIDIA igcina ishishini njengoko linjalo ngoku, abo bakhuphisana nabo ngekhe babenanto yokwenza ngenxa yesibonelelo seNVIDIA ngoku.

Kutheni usitsho lonto? Ewe, ilula, kwaye ngoku iArm yayingumyili kuphela owayengazinikeli ekuveliseni okanye ekuthengiseni eyakhe yoyilo, kodwa ekuphuhliseni abanye. Ke ngoko, yayingesoyongelo, kodwa yayingumthombo wetekhnoloji. Endaweni yoko, i-NVIDIA ayizukuba ngumthombo kuphela, kodwa ikhuphisana nayo, kwaye iya kwenza konke okusemandleni ukuze izuze kuyo, ungathandabuzi. Uya kusebenzisa inqanaba lakhe ukufumana inzuzo ngaphezulu kokunye.

Umzekelo unga yazisa utshintsho kwi-ISA okanye kwi-ecosystem ukuze izuze wena, engazukufanelekela abanye abayili.

I-NVIDIA ngumxhamli omkhulu

El umxhamli omkhulu yale ntshukumo yiNVIDIA uqobo. Ukuhamba kwengalo ayikukuphela kwento embeka kwimeko elunge ngakumbi:

1. I-NVIDIA ifunyenwe IMellanox nge-6.900 yezigidigidi zeedola kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Ke ngoko, igcina itekhnoloji ye-InfiniBand kunye ne-Ethernet ebinayo le nkampani. Ngamanye amagama, iitekhnoloji eziphambili zothungelwano olukhawulezayo olusetyenziswa kwicandelo le-HPC. Ngoku itekhnoloji iphantsi kwegama lenethiwekhi yeNVIDIA.
2. I-NVIDIA ifumana Ukholo kwizigidi ezingama-40.000 47.000 zeerandi. Ewe, phantse i-XNUMX yezigidigidi zeedola kwinkcitho, kodwa ngoku ukwimeko eza kukuzisela ngaphezulu kunoko.

Ndithetha ukuthini ngale nto? Ewe, ilula, kwaye i-NVIDIA ngoku ikwindawo efanelekileyo lawula kwicandelo le-HPC, Ndaze ndabeka iinkampani ezinamandla kakhulu emngciphekweni njengoko ndinika iinkcukacha kwicandelo elilandelayo. Isizathu? Azikho ezinye izisombululo ezibanzi, i-NVIDIA ngoku iyenza: ii-CPU ze-ARM + ze-GPU + zeNethiwekhi. Ngubani onokulingana naloo nto?

x86 emngciphekweni

Njengoko benditshilo kwicandelo elidlulileyo, nokuba i-x86 inokuba sengozini enkulu emva kolu hambo lusuka kwi-NVIDIA. Ubuncinci kwi-HPC kwaye siza kubona ukuba kunjalo nakwamanye amacandelo, kwaye anditsho njalo. Kukho inkxalabo phakathi kwabasebenzi abathile kwiinkampani ezinje Intel kunye ne-AMD, Elinokuba lelinye ixhoba lesivumelwano phakathi kweGraphzilla kunye neArm.

Kwicandelo leziko ledatha, Ingalo iya isiba ngokubaluleka, kwaye ngoku ngako konke oku kuthengiweyo, i-NVIDIA iya kuba nakho ukuzibeka njengenkokeli engenakuphikiswa kwaye isuse indawo I-Intel Xeon kunye ne-AMD EPYC chips, kude kube ngoku kufuneka idityaniswe neeGPU zayo, kodwa ngoku azisasebenzi.

Khumbula ukuba i-AMD yinkampani ethe-ethe ngakumbi kune-Intel, kwaye inokuba yenye yezona zichaphazelekayo. Kwaye emva kokuphindaphinda ngeZen yakhe, ukubuyela umva kunokuthathwa kunye nale ntshukumo yakhe okhuphisana ngqo kwicandelo lemizobo. I-Intel sisigebenga, i-Chipzilla, kodwa i-Chipzilla ebuthathaka kakhulu kwaye ikwimeko engeyiyo eyona ilungileyo, ke umoya omncinci ungabushukumisa ubunkokheli bayo ...

Ndinyanzelisa, kuya kufuneka uthabathe umnqwazi wakho uhambe nentshukumo ye-NVIDIA, eya kuphumelela kakhulu, kodwa inokuzisa iingxaki ezinkulu kwabanye. Ke ngoko, nokuba yi- intshukumo enobuchule kunye neqhinga, ayinathemba kwaphela. Ngapha koko, ukuzilawula wedwa kunye nezi zibonelelo zinzima zihlala ziphela zisenzakalisa abasebenzisi ngokwabo… UJensen Huang, umphathi we-NVIDIA, ubekrelekrele, kodwa sisenzo esichazwa njengoKevin Krewell njengo «Ukuhamba ngokungakhathali«.

Kwaye ngendlela, iApple, esele ilahle i-Intel kwaye iqale indlela yayo nge I-Apple Silicon esekwe kwi-ISA ARM, inokuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Abanye abahlalutyi bathi banokukhetha ezimbini, okanye bazame ukumisa i-NVIDIA, okanye bathathe enye indlela. Andiyiboni eyokuqala, kuba iApple ayikhuphisani ngqo ne-NVIDIA kwicandelo lekhompyuter, kwaye ukwaba izixhobo zokulwa lo mlinganiso ngekhe kube luncedo. Kodwa enye yesibini ayisosisombululo esinexabiso eliphantsi kunye nexesha elifutshane nokuba ...

Kwaye iRaspberry Pi kunye neArduino?

Kukwakho namahemuhemu okuba i-SBC Raspberry Pi Kusemngciphekweni, kuba isebenzisa iichips ze-Broadcom ARM. Kodwa akukho nto ingako ithethwayo malunga nebhodi yophuhliso Arduino, Elinye iqonga lasimahla elinamabhodi asekwe kwi-ARM, hayi iitshipsi zeAtmel Atmega kuphela.

Kuxhomekeka kwizivumelwano zelayisensi i-NVIDIA igcina, zinokuchaphazeleka kwinqanaba elikhulu okanye elincinci. Kusesekuqaleni kakhulu ukuba uthathe isigqibo, kodwa ngekhe kwenzakalise ukujula i-ARM kwaye ujonge kuyo RISC-V, evulekileyo ISA. Ngapha koko, sele kukho iibhodi zophuhliso lweRISC-V ezinomdla kakhulu ...

Okwangoku, i-Broadcom yeyona yenza i-SoC ye-Raspberry Pi, ngelixa i-Atmel iyenzela i-Arduino. Kuxhomekeka kwifayile ye- Ndizama ukuba banazo ezi nge-NVIDIA ziya kuxhomekeka kwikamva lale bhodi.

Iliso! Kukwanokuthethwa njalo ngabo bonke iipleyiti ezihambelanayo okanye ezifanayo ezikhoyo kwimarike, ezinje nge-ODROID, i-Orange Pi, i-Banana Pi, i-UDOO, kunye neebhodi ezinjengeBeagle, iTenssy, njl.

Abalawuli abancinci be-ARM

Olunye uhlalutyo olukhulu endilubonileyo endikubonileyo yile ICortex-M, Uthotho lweengalo zeMCUs okanye ezolawulo oluncinci. Ezi chips zenzelwe ezinye iinjongo, ezinje ngezixhobo ezifakiwe okanye ezifakwe ngaphakathi, oomatshini beshishini, izithuthi, i-IoT, izixhobo zabathengi zemihla ngemihla, njl.

Lo mgcaiya kuba yinzuzo kwi-NVIDIA? Kuxhomekeka ekubeni ikumdla weNVIDIA okanye akunjalo, inokubekwa kwimeko ethile, ibangele uninzi lwabantu ngoku abathembele kuyo ukuba luphulukane noyilo lwe-IP. Kwaye oko kuya kudlula kwelona candelo leekhompyuter kunye nee-supercomputer.

Kukwanjalo nange KwiArm Cortex-R, Olunye uthotho lwee-RISC CPUs esekwe kwi-ARM kwaye, kule meko, zilungiselelwe izicelo ezikhuselekileyo nezibalulekileyo, kunye neReal-Time (ixesha lokwenyani). Elinye iqhekeza eliphambili lwezinto ezithile zorhwebo kunye nezinye izicelo.

Ewe kunjalo, nangona ingathandwa kangako, licandelo elinamanzi kakhulu. Kwaye kwakhona sifumana omnye umbuzo. Kwaye yile, nangona i-NVIDIA igcina ukukhula kwezi MCUs, inokufumana Uncedo olukhulu oku kumacandelo aphambili kwikamva anje ngezithuthi, i-IoT, njl. Isibonelelo esihle esinye, sonzakalisa abaninzi ...

Ukuchaphazeleka okuchaphazelekayo: I-RISC-V

I-NVIDIA ayisiyiyo yodwa indlalifa yeli nyathelo ekuthengweni kwengalo. Kukho omnye abaxhamli, kodwa phantse ngokudibeneyo. Ngaphandle kokuyikhangela, ISA RISC-V Unokuba ngoyena uphumeleleyo, kuba uninzi lwabathengi beArm abangonelisekiyo banokugqibela bengena RISC-V, ezinokutsala utyalo-mali ngakumbi, uphuhliso, kunye nokuxhotyiswa kwendalo.

Ngendlela, nangona i-NVIDIA iyi elinye lamaqabane Isiseko se-RISC-V, sukucinga ukuba uyenzile nabo engqondweni. Ngapha koko, ukuba i-RISC-V iqala ukufumana abalandeli emva kwentshukumo, iya kuba lutshaba lweNVIDIA uqobo. Ke siza kubona ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwigalelo lakho lwangoku ...

UMike Demler, omnye wabahlalutyi abaphezulu kwiqela leLinley, uqinisekisile ukuba «Abantu abalulekileyo banokukhubazeka. Abathengi abaninzi beNgalo banokujonga kwi-RISC-V«, Ukubhekisa kwisivumelwano phakathi kweNVIDIA kunye nengalo.

Mhlawumbi abanye bayathanda I-MIPS kunye ne-OpenPOWER Banokuxhamla kwesi sivumelwano, njengoko ezi ISA zinokubiza inzala ukuba i-NVIDIA ithathe isigqibo sokususa amaqhinga angaqhelekanga nge-ARM. Siza kubona…

Isiphelo 

Ekugqibeleni, inyathelo linyathelo elicaceleyo eliya phambili le-NVIDIA, kodwa elibi ukulahla konke abanye. Kwaye nokuba bagcina abathengi babo beArm kwaye abachaphazeli iimodeli zangoku zelayisensi, i-NVIDIA ngokwayo iya kufumana inzuzo kwintengiso, kwaye inokuba neziphumo zayo kubathengi nakubasebenzisi ngokunjalo, njengoko ukhuphiswano luza kusokola.

Ngokuqinisekileyo uninzi lwe-NVIDIA luya kuphumelela, kodwa ukungaqiniseki okuninzi kuyo yonke enye into ... Ixesha liyakuxela.

Ngoku i Ibinzana elidumileyo elithi Linus Torvalds ibhengezwe kwakudala kubhekiswa kwi-NVIDIA ... mhlawumbi ngoku iyavakala. Kwaye ngoku iya kuba lixesha lokujonga kwi-RISC-V kwaye simnqwenelele lonke ithamsanqa lokulunga kubo bonke ...