Ixesha elitsha le-ARM: silindele ntoni ...

Isaac

Imizuzu ye4

Uphawu lweARM

Ukuba uxelelwe kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ukuba i-supercomputer eneetshipsi esekwe kuyo i-ISA ARM babeza kuhlala kwindawo yokuqala TOP500 (Uluhlu lwee-500 zeyona supercomputer zinamandla emhlabeni), ukuhleka kunye nokuhleka bekuya kuba phezulu. Akukho mntu wacinga ukuba uyilo olungasetyenziswanga lwaluya kufika apho.

Kancinci kancinci, iichips ze-ARM ziye zafumana umhlaba, ziphumelela indawo yezixhobo eziphathwayo ngokusebenza kwazo kunye nokusebenza kwazo, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezingaphakathi. Kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo baqala ukudala ezinye iiseva ezineARM ukusetyenziswa okuphantsi, kwaye ndaqala ukudlala ngothando ngale ISA kwicandelo le-HPC (yeNtsebenzo ePhakamileyo yeKhompyutha).

Iindaba ezitsibe kutshanje malunga naloo nto I-Apple ishiye i-Intel Ukwenza iichips zayo ezisekwe kwi-ARM kwakubalulekile, kuyo yonke loo nto ibandakanyekayo, kodwa yaphantse yaqatshelwa zezinye iindaba ezibaluleke ngakumbi. Kwaye kukuba i-supermomputer ye-ARM inokubetha ukusebenza kweNgqungquthela ye-IBM kwaye yoyise indawo yokuqala yoluhlu lwe-Top500. Ngethuba lokuqala i-ARM ifikelela phezulu kakhulu, kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba ngaphambili nasemva ...

Umbono okhokelele kwifayile ye- Iprojekthi ye-EPI ukwenza iiprosesa ze-ARM zexesha elizayo kubuchwephesha bokungaxhomekeki kwecandelo le-HPC eYurophu ngeempembelelo zeRISC-V.

Ukubuyela e-Apple, kwabonakala kungaqhelekanga ukuba i-chip ye-ARM inokugqitha i-Intel ngokusebenza kunye nokusebenza, kodwa i-Apple iyicebisile kwaye iya kuba nakho ukwenza uyilo olunomdla kakhulu. I-Intel iya isiba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye ayisiyiyo nje ngenxa yokhuphiswano oluvela kwi-AMD ...

Ikhompyuter ephezulu

Ikhompyuter enkulu yeFogaku

Kodwa into ongasoze uyicinge kudala kudala yile unokuthweswa isithsaba kwi-HPC. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngeenkcukacha ezithe kratya? Ewe, kuluhlu lwe-Top500 ngoJuni 2020, eyona ndawo yokusebenza ibanjwe yikhompyuter enkulu yaseJapan iFugaku. Ikhompyuter ephezulu esekwe kwi-64Ghz Fujitsu A48FX 2.2C chips, ethi ibandakanye ii-7.299.072 zokucoca ii-cores ukongeza irhamncwa lendawo yokusebenza kwekhompyuter.

Ngokukodwa ifikelela kwi-415,5 PFLOPS (Oko kukuthi, ukubala okungama-415.500.000.000.000.000 ngeedesimali ngesibini (umzuzwana) kwaye kuya kusetyenziswa kuphando oluchasene neSARS-CoV-2, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Ifakwe kwiRIKEN Computing Centre eKobe, eJapan. Kweli ziko ledatha ngaphezulu kwe Iindawo ze-150K Idityaniswe kuyo, yadityaniswa ngesantya esiphezulu seTofu Interconect D yenethiwekhi yokuqhagamshela iARMv8.2-A SVE chips yee-cores ezingama-52 ngenqaku ngalinye.

Sebenzisa kwakhona imemori i-bandwidth ephezulu ye-HBM2 enomthamo we-32 GiB nge-node nganye. Ukugcina ngobulumko, ine-1.6 TB NVMe ekwabelwana ngayo ngeendawo ezili-16, kunye ne-150 PB ekwabelwana ngayo nge-FS, kunye nenkonzo eyongezelelweyo yokugcina ilifu.

Njengenkqubo yokusebenza Sebenzisa i-linux, ngokukodwa ukuhanjiswa kweRHEL 8, kunye ne-IHK / McKernel ngaxeshanye. Zonke izinto ezenziweyo zilinganiswa phantsi kweMcKernel, nangona iLinux ikho ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zePOSIX.

Isicatshulwa

Chip yeFijitsu A64FX

Isilo esisebenzayo esivelise la manani "sithobekile." Yip chip eyenziwe nguFujitsu. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-A64FX Kwaye yi-microprocessor esekwe kuyilo lwe-ARM 8.2A, ikwamkela i-SVE (Scalable Vector Extensions), izongezo ezongezelelweyo kweso siseko se-ISA ukufezekisa iziphumo ezingcono zokubala.

I-A64FX enayo UFujitsu uyile ke ithatha indawo yeetshipsi zayo zangaphambili ezisekwe kwi-SPPC. Kwaye ababekelanga kuphela inyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuthatha i-Fugaku iye phezulu kwi-Top500, kodwa nokuba ngabokuqala ukuxhasa i-512-bit SIMD EVS.

Ezi chips zenziwe ngaphakathi Iifektri zeTSMC, kwalapho benza khona i-Zen ye-AMD, kwaye ikwayindawo apho baya kwenza i-chip ye-Yurophu yexesha elizayo. Itekhnoloji abayisebenzisileyo itekhnoloji ye-7nm ukwakha i-8.786.000.000 ye-transistors yabo. Yonke loo nto kwi-chip encinci efuna izikhonkwane ezingama-594 kuphela.

Ukongeza, iprosesa nganye isebenzisa i-32GB yememori ye-HBM2 nge 1TB / s bandwidth, ngeendlela ezili-16 okanye ngemizila ye-PCIx kwiprosesa nganye ukuze uzidibanise nezikhawulezisi, ezinje ngee-GPGPU kunye nee-FPGAs.

Ekugqibeleni, isebenza kwi-2.2 Ghz Kwaye iipakeji ezaneleyo zongezwa ukugcwalisa elo nani phantse le-7.3 yezigidi ze-cores kunye ne-5 PB yememori.


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  1.   Louis sitsho
    yenzayo 4 iminyaka

    Inqanaba lokuqhubekeka okuphunyelelweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuzayo okuza kubandakanya oku kuyamangalisa. Okwangoku, xa ndibeka le ngxelo kwiphepha lakho elimangalisayo, i-chip esebenzisa idesktop yam yi-Intel. Le PC ineminyaka esi-8 ubudala, kodwa ndiyathemba ukuba ihlala iminyaka emi-2 ubuncinci, ngaphezulu kwexesha eloneleyo lokuba zonke ezi nkqubela phambili zenziwe kuphela kwicandelo leeNkampani kodwa nakwimo engqongileyo yasekhaya.

    Phendula uLuisi
  2.   Cesare sitsho
    yenzayo 4 iminyaka

    Ndineminyaka engama-61 kwaye xa iprosesa yeRISC yaqala ukuba neengxaki, kuba zazenziwe ziinkampani ezincinci kwaye zinentengiso encinci; Wayesoloko esithi ngenye imini ithamsanqa lakhe linokutshintsha kwaye eli inokuba lithuba lakhe elihle

    Phendula kuCesare
  3.   hlela sitsho
    yenzayo 4 iminyaka

    Kuya kufuneka ndinike iRasperry Pi ukuba ibe kwisitayile ngeARM.
    Umatshini onomdla, masithembe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemodeli yeCovid kule supercomputer kuya kuzisa iziphumo.

    Phendula u-reneco
  4.   Miguel sitsho
    yenzayo 4 iminyaka

    Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ndingathanda ukuthelekiswa kwamandla ale processor kunye nentengiso. Nokuba ivela kukwahlula i-petaflops. Ngaphezulu kwama-500 Gbflops ziiRenzen 3600 okanye i510600. I-415,5 PFLOPS / 150k node ~ = 415.500.000.000.000 / 150 = 2.770.000.000.000 => 2.770 gigaflops ngendawo nganye.
    415.500.000.000.000 / 150
    Oko kukuthi, ngaphezulu kwe-x5 yeeprosesa zabathengi ezithengiswayo zeX86.

    Oko kuthetha ukuba iikhompyuter zobuqu ze-ARM zinokubonelelwa nge-GNU- okanye iiChannelbook - ezinamandla ngakumbi- kwaye mhlawumbi zitshiphu- kunezinye iindlela zeX86.

    Ukuba ndisebenza kwiValve, ngendivele ndenza inguqulelo yeSteam yengalo - iincwadi zechrome sele zikhona-ndide ndizibuze ukuba ndingayenza na elungileyo, entle kwaye engabizi kakhulu Umatshini weSteam ngale processor okanye uhlobo oluthile lwexabiso eliphantsi.

    I-GIGA 9 / TERA 12 / PETA 15 (ii-zeros)

    Phendula uMiguel
  5.   I-Exteban sitsho
    yenzayo 4 iminyaka

    Ngomhla wayo, i-AMD "yabeka i-Intel kwingxaki enzulu." I-Transmeta kunye ne-Crusoe yakhe nayo ibonakala ngathi ibeka i-Intel "engxakini enkulu." Kwaye kwakungekho kudala, iiPowerPCs yayiyipeya yelamula kwaye i-Intel yayiza kunyamalala (intetho kaMaquero eyatshintsha ngokungathi ayikaze ibekho xa iApple itshintshele kwiPentium).
    Wonke umntu ubonakala eyalibala ukuba:
    1. I-Intel inesiseko semiconductor esifanelekileyo kwihlabathi.
    2. I-Intel inokufumana iinjineli eziphambili kwihlabathi.
    3. I-Intel ineelayisensi ze-ARM kwidrowa. Nawuphi na umhla oziva ngathi uyathanda, ungazinyanzela wenze ii-ARMs ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngakumbi kunaleyo yenziwayo namhlanje kwaye ufumane imali eninzi. Kwaye ukuba uyayifuna, uya kuthenga iilayisensi eziyimfuneko.
    Ke akukho, siya kuba ne-Intel okwethutyana.

    Phendula u-Exteban
    1.    Jogeneitor sitsho
      yenzayo 4 iminyaka

      Ukuchaneka. Intliziyo yam encinci iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ... Ndivotela i-Intel.

      Phendula kuJorgeneitor