Kule nto uthotho lwenqaku Silanda imvelaphi ka-Aix, Inkqubo yokusebenza ethi iLinux kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza ezivulekileyo ziphefumlelwe. Kodwa, njengoko kungenakwenzeka ukwahlula i-Unix kwinto ekhusele abadali bayo, kuya kufuneka siqale ngembali yeeLebhu zeLebhu, lelinye lawona maziko ayivelisayo imveliso kule nkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Ngeli xesha kulungile ukwenza ingcaciso, mhlawumbi i-AT & T (icandelo labazali beBell Laboratories) ibingeyonkampani engumzekelo ekusebenzeni kwayo nabantu abakhuphisana nabo kunye nabathengi. Izinto zazingaphelelanga kwiiBell Labs nokuba; bekukho abantu abanovelwano ekungafanelekanga ukuba babe novelwano, umona, imizabalazo ye-ego, nayo yonke ikaka edla ngokwenzeka xa abantu besebenza kunye.
Nangona kunjalo, ikwazile ukwenza enye yezona ndawo zinemveliso kakhulu ukusukela ngexesha lemibutho yoVuselelo, babeka isiseko sophando lweshishini langoku kunye neelebhu zophuhliso Kwaye, ukuba kuphela ukunqanda ukungathobeli ingqumbo yabalawuli, babelane ngeziphumo zabo kwizifundiswa, zihlala simahla.
Iityhubhu ezincamathelayo. Ukoyisa imigama
I-AT & T yayiyinkampani yeenkonzo zemfonomfonos. Ukuthi elebhu yakhe yophando inike iqela elincinci labasebenzi bakhe inkululeko yokuqhuba uphando olusisiseko ayibenzanga balibale eyona njongo iphambili. Yiba yinkampani eza kunxibelelana ne-United States iphela.
Kodwa, ukufezekisa oko kuye kwafuneka basombulule ingxaki, Indlela yokwenza ilizwi lomntu lihambe imigama emide ngaphandle kokuphulukana nomgangatho. Ewe kunjalo kuye kwafuneka bakhathalele ezinye izinto ezinje ngeentambo ezichasene neziphumo zokuba ngaphandle, kodwa, kuba oko akusishiyi sisondele kwi-Unix, asizukuyihoya.
Umongameli wenkampani ngelo xesha, uTheodore Vail, wayalela abangaphantsi kwakhe ngo-1906 ukuba eBaza kufumana indlela yokwakha unxibelelwano phakathi kweNew York neSan Francisco. Kufanele ukuba isebenze ngo-1914, unyaka owawuza kubanjwa ngawo iPanama Pacific Exhibition.
Ingxaki ephambili yayikukungabikho kwesikhulisi esisebenzayo okanye ukuphindaphinda. Ngamazwi esigqeba senkampani:
Ngaba besisazi ukuba siphuhlisa kanjani umphindayo? Hayi. Ngoba? Inzululwazi ibingekasibonisi indlela. Ngaba sasinaso nasiphi na isizathu sokucinga ukuba uya kwenza njalo? Ewe ngokuhamba kwexesha? Kusenokwenzeka.
Isixhobo esaziwa ngokuba yityhubhu yokutsala (ukuba kukho ingcali kwigumbi efuna ukulungisa inguqulelo yam, bamkelekile ukuba benze njalo kwifomu yezimvo) Sisixhobo esilawula ukuhamba kombane phakathi kwee-electrode ezimbini. Ikwenza oko kwiindawo ezixineneyo. Yayiyinto ephambili kuphuhliso lukanomathotholo, umabonakude, iradar, ukurekhodwa kwesandi kunye nokuzala, uthungelwano lomnxeba omde kunye, eqinisekisa ukuba ndibhala eli nqaku, iikhompyuter zokuqala ezinamacandelo e-elektroniki.
Iilebhu zeBell ziza kwitekhnoloji ye-tube ye-vacuum ngokusebenzisa indlela yenoveli. Eqinisekile ukuba akukho namnye kwiinjineli zakhe oza kufumana isisombululo, wagqiba ekubeni abize abafundi abagqirha kwi-teó physics.Imnandi. Kwakungokokuqala kwihlabathi lezobugcisa ukuba izazinzulu zisetyenziselwe ukusombulula iingxaki zobunjineli.
Omnye woososayensi wagaya u-tUyile ityhubhu yokucoca isixhobo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Audion, wayakha kwakhona esebenzisa izinto ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi, kunye nokuphucula ukukhutshwa komoya ukuze kuveliswe isithuba.io. Uyilo lwalucocwa kwaye lusebenza ngokupheleleyo xa umgca wawuvulwa ngo-1915.
Ngokungena kwe-United States kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I, Izixhobo zophando ze-AT & T zaguqulwa zasebenzisa iityhubhu zokucoca kwimikhosi yasemkhosini.Kwiminyaka elishumi elandelayo intsebenziswano ingakhokelela kuphuhliso lweeradar.
I-AT & T ikrele elikhulu leDamocles yayilelo Abapolitiki bazakuzama ukutshabalalisa ubizo lwabo ngomnxeba. Kungenxa yoko le nto ihlala izama ukwenza ilayisensi yetekhnoloji yayo yokuthengisa kwamanye amashishini. Ke, uphando lwakhe kwiibhubhu ezincamathelayo zafumaneka kuwo omabini amashishini amiselweyo nasekhulayo. Iiprototypes zokuqala zeekhompyuter zecomputer ezazisebenzisa izixhobo zokucoca ityhubhu ngetekhnoloji yeBell zavela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-30. Kodwa, ngelo xesha iBell Labs yayisele icinga ngetekhnoloji eya kubenza baphelelwe lixesha.
iivelufa ezincamathelayo
Gracias