Kwethu post yangaphambili cSiyabona ukuba oososayensi baseSoviet ekugqibeleni balususa njani ulawulo lwengqondo oluthintele ukukhula kweekhompyuter eRashiya kwaye bangayiphi indlela ekwaziseni iQela lamaKomanisi ukuba babheje kwiikhompyuter. Nkqu beza kuqikelela uluvo lwenethiwekhi yeekhompyuter ezixhumeneyo kodwa eziyilelwe usetyenziso olungabizi kakhulu endaweni yomkhosi nje.
Izazinzulu zaseRussia zazinomthamo omkhulu, Ngelishwa, abezopolitiko kwilizwe lakho bayala ukuyeka amalungelo abo kwaye amagosa azimiseleyo ukwenza izinto ngokwahlukileyo. Ukulunga, ayisiyonto engenziwa ngoosopolitiki kunye namagosa aseburhulumenteni kwihlabathi liphela.
I-Russia yayinoqoqosho olucwangciswe embindini. Olu cwangciso belusezandleni zearhente zikarhulumente ezahlukileyo ezazingafuni ukwabelana ngolwazi lwabo kunye namandla okwenza izigqibo noogxa babo. Ke, elowo kubo wayenenkqubo yakhe yekhompyuter kwaye wayechasene nokunxibelelana nabanye. Nakumazwe obuKomanisi, iikhompyuter zazibiza kakhulu ngelo xesha.
Iinkqubo zekhompyuter zaqala ukuvelisa intaba yedatha ethi kwiimeko ezininzi yayisele ikwenye indawo kwaye kwezinye ayizange ifikelele kwabo bayifunayo.. Ngama-70s, i-bureaucracy ephethe uqoqosho lweSoviet yavelisa amaxwebhu ezigidi ezi-4 ngonyaka. Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, icebo lokunciphisa ngokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji labazisa kumaxwebhu angama-800 ezigidi. Umbhali-mbali esimlandelayo uthi ugunyaziso lokwenza isixhobo sombane sifuna iisiginitsha ezingama-60.
Amaxesha amaninzi iinkqubo bezilibaziseka kwizixhomekeki ezisebenza njengebhotile.
Iikhompyuter, endaweni yokuba sisisombululo yaba yinxalenye yengxaki. Kwakungekho kuphela isixa esikhulu solwazi esivelisiweyo, kodwa nokungachaneki kwayo. Amagosa akumgangatho osezantsi enza amanani ukubenza bakholelwe ukuba bafikelele kwiinjongo ezimiselweyo. Ukusuka kule datha, iikhompyuter zivelise ulwazi olutsha oluye lwongezelelwa ngedatha entsha engeyonyani de kwafika emva kwexesha kwaye kakubi kwabo kufuneka benze izigqibo.
Iikhompyuter kwi-USSR. Ukuphela kokutsha
Ezi ngxaki zenze ukuba kube nzima kwizazinzulu zaseSoviet ukugcina uphuhliso kunye neNtshona.. Ukulibaziseka ekufumaneni izinto ezitshintshiweyo kunyanzelise abasebenzisi ukuba balungise ezabo kwaye baphuhlise iinkqubo kwikhowudi yomatshini ukuze basebenzise ngcono ukugcinwa okukhoyo. Oku kuye kwanciphisa ukungqinelana phakathi kwamaqela. Uninzi lweemodeli ezikhoyo zazinokwahluka kwesixhobo sokuqala.
ISoviet Academy yeSayensi, eyayiyinjini yophuhliso lwekhompyuter yaseSoviet, khange ikwazi ukuphikisana nefuthe lezobupolitika kubulungiseleli abanamandla. kwaye yafakwa kwindima yokuhombisa. Uphando kunye Uphuhliso lwezixhobo zokusebenza lwaba luxanduva lwamaziko ophando aqhotyoshelwe kumasebe.
Ukunciphisa umsantsa wetekhnoloji kunyeUrhulumente uthathe isigqibo sokushiya uphuhliso lwamashishini akhe kunye nokuyila izinto zaseNtshona.
Isiphumo sokuqala sale ntsebenziswano engaziwayo yayiyi-ES EVM, Isifinyezo saseRussia senkqubo yeKhompyutha eDityanisiweyo
I-ES EVM yayiligama eliphambili le-IBM / 360 athe amaRussia akwazi ukuyiphuhlisa kuba i-IBM ipapashe inkcazo yenkqubo yoyilo.
Ngokweengcali, izixhobo zentsimbi ubukhulu becala zazingowokuqala kwaye zitshintshiwe. Ngapha koko, kubonakala ngathi i-IBM ngokwayo ibonakalise umdla kuyo. Ngokuphathelele kwisoftware, yayizii-IBM kunye notshintsho oluncinci.
Iimodeli zokuqala zaphehlelelwa phakathi kowe-1979 nowe-1978. Zaze zasebenza kwii-700 kips, zine-1 MB ye-RAM kunye neerejista ezingama-64 ezinamabala okudada.
Inkqubo yokusebenza yayibizwa ngokuba yi-OC EC kwaye iinguqulelo zayo zokuqala yayizi-OS / 360 kunye notshintsho oluthile. Ixesha elingaphezulu amaRussia aqala ukwandisa umxholo wawo, nangona ikhowudi ye-IBM yahlala ikho. Namhlanje, isaxhaswa kumaziko ophando aseRussia kwaye isebenza kuzo zombini izixhobo ze-ES EVM kunye ne-IBM.
Ukongeza kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zaseRashiya, Le modeli yenziwa kwamanye amazwe aseMpuma Bloc afana neBulgaria, iHungary, iPoland, iCzechoslovakia, iRomania neMpuma Jamani. ICuba ivelise izixhobo ezijikelezayo.
Eli bali liza kuqhubeka…
Ndiyazithanda ezi ntlobo zamanqaku, ngubani igama lombhali?
Ukuba ubhekisa kum njengomhleli wenqaku, u-Diego Germán González. Ngokubhekisele kwimithombo yeli nqaku, zinemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo, ngokusisiseko incwadi kaSlava Gerovitch.
Enkosi ngezimvo.
Inomdla kakhulu into oyithethayo kunye nendlela osishwankathela ngayo amabali anzima kakhulu :)
Ndicinga ukuba uyazi iwebhu https://cibcom.org/, kodwa ukuba akunjalo, ndiyayidibanisa apha xa kukho umntu onomdla wokungena nzulu kwezi zihloko
Enkosi ngolwazi
Ngapha koko, i-CID-201 yaveliswa eCuba: ilizwe lokuqala kwiLatin America ukwenza i-microcomputer kuzwelonke ... kwaye ngaphambi kokuba ubuze, xa bekubonakala ukuba ukuthenga ikhompyuter kunenzuzo ngakumbi kunokwenza, izixhobo zabelwa (kunye nabantu) eya kuthi isetyenziselwe iikhompyuter, kwimveliso ye-eletro-amayeza kunye nezixhobo zebhayoloji; Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni iCuba lilizwe elinomzi mveliso wezempilo kwelona nqanaba liphezulu, elinophuhliso lobuchwepheshe obungasasebenziyo (i-IT).