Iikhompyuter kwi-USSR. Ukusuka ekusithekeni kuye ekuthandeni

Kwethu nqaku yangaphambili Saqala ukubalisa ngembali yekhompyutha eSoviet Union. MNgelixa oososayensi kunye nomkhosi babecacile ukuba ukuba phambili kwicandelo elitsha kwakubalulekile kukhuseleko lwesizwe, Ukusuka kwicandelo lezopolitiko nakwimikhwa yezemfundo enxulumene nezeNzululwazi ngezeNtlalo yayideliwe njengeminqweno yongxowankulu.

Ukuthintela iingxaki, Abaphandi kuye kwafuneka balumke ngesigama esisetyenzisiweyo, bashiye igama elibhekisa kumsebenzi waseNtshona kulo mbandela.. Nditsho nebinzana imisebenzi yokuqiqas kwakuyingozi, kuba inokuchazwa njengoko oomatshini babenokucinga. Ngaphandle kwe imemori, Abaphandi basebenzise igama lobuchwephesha elingathathi hlangothi ukugcinwa. Ulwazi itshintshwe ngu data y ingcaciso yolwazi ulwimi ulwimi twister ithiyori yeenkcukacha-manani zothumelo lweempawu zombane ngengxolo

Ngaphandle koku, i-USSR ikwazile ukufezekisa impumelelo ethile ebalulekileyo

I-MESM: Isichazi saseRussia soMatshini oMncinci wokuBalwa kwe-Elektroniki sasikhona ikhompyutheni yesibini ehlelwe kwilizwekazi laseYurophu kunye neyokuqala kwihlabathi ukusebenza ngokufanayo. Isebenzise i-arithmetic yenqaku elisisigxina kunye negama eli-16-bit kunye nelinye lomqondiso. Ifomathi yokufundisa yayi-3-ndlela. Isebenze malunga ne-6.000 yezivalo zombane, ezingama-2.500 1.500 zazii-triode kunye ne-XNUMX diode

I-MESM Yayisetyenziselwa ukusombulula iingxaki kwi-physics yenyukliya, ukwakhiwa kunye nokuyilwa kweenqwelo moya kunye neerokethi, ulawulo lomgangatho weenkcukacha-manani kunye nokubala ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane, phakathi kwezinye izinto..

Umtya (utolo) ikhompyuter elingana negumbi esetyenziswa kwizicelo zomkhosi. I-Strela yayinezivalo ezingama-6.200 kunye nee-semiconductor diode ezingama-60.000. kwaye isebenza ngesantya semisebenzi engama-2.000 43 ngomzuzwana. I-arithmetic yayo edadayo-isuselwe kumagama angama-35-bit, ene-mantissa engama-6 esayiniweyo kunye ne-2.048-bit esayiniweyo. Ityhubhu yeWilliams ye-RAM yayinamagama angama-XNUMX. Yayine-semiconductor ROM yeenkqubo. Ukufakwa kwedatha kwenziwa ngamakhadi agqobhoziweyo okanye iiteyiphu zemagneti. Ukugcina kubandakanya itheyibhile yamagnetic, ikhadi le-punch, okanye iprinta.

IBESM: Esinye isifinyezo ngesiRashiya, kule meko Ukukhawuleza (okanye okukhulu) Umatshini weKhompyuter weKhompyuter. Umgca wemveliso uneenguqulelo ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo. Inguqulelo yoqobo yayiyikhompyuter yokubini enegama elingu-39. IYunithi yeLogic Logic yakhe yasebenza ngokufana kwaye isetyenziselwa indawo edadayo yokubala. Isakhiwo segama sasingama-32 amasuntswana emantissa, isuntswana eli-1 lophawu lwenani, iibits ezi-5 zokukhupha, kunye nesuntswana eli-1 lomqondiso womkhuphi. Inesakhono sokumela amanani kuluhlu lwe-9 ^ -9 ukuya kwi-10 ^ 10 kunye nokuchaneka kokubala bekukufutshane neendawo ezili-9 zokugqibela.

Ingenza imisebenzi ye-arithmetic elithoba, imisebenzi yokuhambisa ikhowudi esi-8, imisebenzi enengcinga ezi-6, kunye nemisebenzi yolawulo elithoba.

Njenge-MESM, evela kuyilo lukabani, yenzelwe iinjongo ngokubanzi kwaye ibibandakanyeka kwicandelo lophando njengamandla enyukliya, uphuhliso lwenqwelo moya, kunye nocwangciso lwezoqoqosho.

Iikhompyuter kwi-USSR. Abezopolitiko bagqiba kwelokuba babaxhase

Ngokufa kuka Stalin kunye nempumelelo yokuqala yeSoviet kwicandelo lezixhobo zenyukliya, izazinzulu zikwazile ukushukumisa ulawulo lweembono kwaye uqeqesho olufana necybernetics, genetics, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho kwimathematics kuye kwamkeleka kurhulumente.

Ukususela kumashumi amathandathu, urhulumente ukhuphe uthotho lwezigqibo ezigunyazisa ukwakhiwa kweefektri zekhompyuter, kunye neempapasho ezijolise kuluntu ngokubanzi zaqala ukukhuthaza iikhompyuter njenge "matshini wobukomanisi."

Ngelixa eNtshona inethiwekhi yekhompyuter yabonwa njengeluncedo kukhuseleko, Abaphandi baseSoviet bacebisa ukunxibelelanisa zonke iinkampani zaseSoviet kuthungelwano lwekhompyuter lukazwelonke olumanyeneyo oluya kulungisa ulwazi lwezoqoqosho ngexesha lokwenyani kunye nokwandisa uqoqosho luphela.

I-Kremlin yenze impazamo efanayo nabanye oorhulumente abangoozwilakhe. Nangona ubheja kubuchwephesha bekhompyuter, Ikwenzile oko ngaphandle kokutshintsha iimodeli zemveliso, indlela yolawulo okanye ubudlelwane bamandla. Ukuba ukwenzile oko, ukuphela kweMfazwe ebandayo inokwahluka.

Eli bali liza kuqhubeka.