Kwezona ngxoxo zezopolitiko zibubudenge endikhe ndaphila kuzo, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo eyona imbi kakhulu yeyabo bakholelwa ukuba eyona nto imisela ukuba umbutho uyasebenza na okanye hayi kukuba ulawulwa nguRhulumente okanye ziinkampani zabucala. Zombini azinangqondo ngokulinganayo kuba abantu bayakwazi ngokulinganayo (un) kumlinganiselo ofanayo kuzo zombini.
Kukho nawuphi na, uhlobo ngalunye lunemizekelo yazo. Umzekelo, iilabhoratri zeBell kwafuneka zibandezeleke kwiindidi ezimbini zabantu ababegqugqisa kuRhulumente; iidegogues namajoni enkolo.
Iidemagogue, zingena ezikhundleni ngokuvotelwa ngabantu abaninzi yaye zenza nantoni na ukuze ziyifumane. Yiyo loo nto bejonge nayiphi na impumelelo ekhawulezileyo neyomzuzwana abanokuthi bayisebenzise kunyulo olulandelayo. I-Crusaders ngabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni abaqinisekileyo ukuba ukuba abayisebenzisi imigaqo kwileta, ihlabathi laseNtshona kunye nelobuKristu (indawo ethathwe yi-hemisphere, inkolo okanye ifilosofi yezopolitiko ehambelanayo) iya kuwa ngokungenakulinganiswa.
I-AT & T's phone monopoly, eyenziwe yinkampani engumzali, inani lababoneleli beefowuni basekhaya, umenzi wezixhobo zefowuni (Western Electric), kunye neBell Labs. ixesha elide unikeze ngenkonzo yefowuni endilisekileyo kwizigidi zabasebenzisi e-US ngexabiso elifanelekileyo. Abasebenzi bayo bafumana imivuzo ephezulu ngokuthelekisayo, kwaye uphando lweBell Labs lube negalelo kubunkokeli besizwe bezenzululwazi, kubuchwepheshe, nakumkhosi.
Noko ke, oku kwakunganelanga kwiidemagogue nakwiimfazwe zomnqamlezo. Owangaphambili wayefuna amaxabiso aphantsi okurhuma ngomnxeba. Aba bamva babenomsindo ngenxa yokungakwazi ukunyanzelisa ngokungqongqo umthetho wokungathembeki.
Kuyo yonke imbali yayo, i-AT&T yanikezela kwimiba emincinci. Irhoxile ekuqhubekeni nokuthenga ababoneleli ngemfonomfono kwaye ithintele ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo zomnxeba kuphela kwimarike yendawo.
Ngowe-1949 iSebe lezoBulungisa lahamba ngoMbane waseNtshona, umenzi wezixhobo. Babefuna i-AT&T ikhuphisane ngamaxabiso nabanye abakhuphisana nabo. Isimangalo sasonjululwa kwiminyaka ethile kamva ngokungenelela kwamagosa kaMongameli Eisenhower ngubani oxelele inkampani ukuba luhlobo luni lwesivumelwano emalunikeze. Kwaye kulapho ifumana umdla kuthi.
I-AT&T inokugcina imonopoly yefowuni okoko nje ishishini layo lilinganiselwe kwiinkonzo zonxibelelwano ezilawulwa esidlangalaleni okanye umsebenzi wasemkhosini. Ngamanye amazwi, yancama ukungena kwikhompyuter okanye kwimarike ye-elektroniki yabathengi. Ukongeza, ivumile ukunika ilayisenisi kumalungelo awodwa awodwa abenzi bangoku kunye nexesha elizayo e-US kubo bonke abafaki zicelo base-US, "ngaphandle komda wexesha okanye ukusetyenziswa abanokuthi banikwe bona."
Ngamanye amazwi, i-AT&T ayizange ivele izithintele kwezinye iimarike ezikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ikwaququzelela ukuvela kwabakhuphisana abatsha kwimarike yayo yendalo.
Kulo nqaku yangaphambili Ndixelele indlela iindleko zenkampani ezanda ngayo ngelixa abakhuphisana abatsha besongela imarike yayo enengeniso. Le eneminxeba yamazwe ngamazwe. Le nkampani yayifuna ukwaphula inkqubo yenkxaso yeefowuni zasekhaya ngokunyusa amaxabiso, kodwa abezopolitiko abaqhutywa ngamajelo eendaba baphakamisa isikhalo emoyeni.. Kungelo xesha apho abahlaseli beSebe lezoBulungisa, bethatha ithuba lokuvala amandla okubangelwa ukususwa kukaRichard Nixon, baya kufuna ijackpot. Ukupheliswa kwemonopoly yefowuni.
Phantse kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, xa kwakungekho mntu ucingayo kwaye phantse kungekho mntu wayefuna ukuba ityala liphumelele, i I-AT&T yavuma ukulahla amahlakani ayo asekuhlaleni ukuze ikwazi ukungena kwimarike yekhompyuter kwaye igcine iWestern Electric kunye neBell Labs. Wayenolwazi lokuyenza, kodwa wayengenalo ulwakhiwo lwentengiso. Abakhuphisana bakho abaye baxhamla kulwazi oluveliswe eBell Labs, ukuba babenalo. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, i-adventure yekhompyutha yayingaphumeleli.
Iilebhu zeBell zazitshintsha abanini kwaye namhlanje, zincinci kwaye zingabalulekanga kangako, ngabakwaNokia.
Andazi ukuba inkonzo yefowuni e-US iya kuba ngcono okanye ingabizi. Okuqinisekileyo kukuba eli lizwe alisenabo ubunkokeli bezobuchwepheshe elabuzuza kwinkulungwane edlulileyo.
Kunyaka ozayo ndinithembisa ngembali yase Unix. Sivuyisana nawe!
IBhayibhile
Ndaba nomdla kwi-AT & T kunye ne-Bell Labs xa ndifunda incwadi yakudala kaPeter Drucker ebizwa ngokuba yi-Management. Imisebenzi, uxanduva kunye nezenzo. Kwizahluko ezahlukeneyo uthetha ngendima kaTheodore Vail kungekhona nje ukudala i-monopoly kodwa kunye nemibutho elawulayo. Ayiveli kwiAmazon eSpain eneso sihloko ngoko ke kusenokwenzeka ukuba ipapashwe ngesihloko esahlukileyo.
UDrucker wayekwangumthombo wezizathu kunye nendlela yokuchithwa. Unikela isahluko sonke sencwadi yakhe kulo mbandela Imida yolawulo.
Incwadi kaJon Gertner, Ingcamango Factory (Akubonakali ngathi kukho inguqulelo yeSpanish) ayibonisi kuphela ngendlela enika umdla imbali yeelebhu ukusuka kwimvelaphi yazo ukuya kumzuzu wokupheliswa. Yenza kwakhona uhlalutyo olunomdla kakhulu kwiinguqu kwiimodeli ezintsha.
Ubuntu bukaClaude Shannon ayingeni kwincwadi enye. USony kunye noGadner baxela ukuba uClaude Shannon wayisungula njani iminyaka yolwazi Ingqondo edlalayo. Kwicala lakhe, uPaul J Nahin uphanda impembelelo yomsebenzi kaGeorge Boole kunye nefuthe lakhe kuShannon Ingcaphephe kunye neNjineli:
Ewe siphantse safikelela kwi-unix elo bali endifuna ukuyazi :) Ndiyithandile le prehistory ye-unix indikhumbuze kakhulu le ncwadi. https://framabook.org/histoiresetculturesdulibre/ Enkosi ngomxholo onjalo, kuyafuneka ukuba ukhumbule imbali yekhompyuter :)
Enkosi ngezimvo.
“Kwezona ngxoxo zezopolitiko zibubudenge endikhe ndadibana nazo, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo eyona nto imbi yeyokuba abo bakholelwa kwelokuba eyona nto imisela ukuba umbutho uyasebenza okanye akunjalo kukuba ulawulwa nguRhulumente okanye ziinkampani zabucala. Zombini azinangqondo ngokulinganayo kuba abantu bayakwazi ngokulinganayo (un) kumlinganiselo ofanayo kuzo zombini.
Mkhulu umahluko phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle kombutho olawulwa nguRhulumente ngokubhekiselele kwiCandelo laBucala. Oku kuza ngenxa yobubanzi, inkuthazo kunye nomdla, ekubeni umda awusoze ufane njengoko uRhulumente liqumrhu elilawulayo ngokunyanzeliswa, iimpembelelo kunye nomdla wezopolitiko azilingani nomdla wezoqoqosho nazo. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na intlangano yabucala efumana inzuzo yobubanzi bukaRhulumente ngokugqibela, iya kubandezeleka kwiNgxaki yokubala koQoqosho ngokungabikho kobuchule, okukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kolawulo.