Mauri past post cIsu tinoona masayendisiti eSoviet akapedzisira abvisa iyo ideological kudzora iyo yaitadzisa kuvandudza kwemakomputa muRussia uye nenzira ipi yavakakwanisa kugonesa Communist Party kubheja pamakomputa. Kunyange vakauya kutarisira pfungwa yenetiweki yemakomputa akabatana asi akagadzirirwa zvishandiso zvisingadhuri pachinzvimbo cheuto chete.
Masayendisiti eRussia aive nesimba rakakura, Nehurombo, vezvematongerwo enyika vari munyika mako vakaramba kusiya kwavo ropafadzo, uye vakuru vakuru vanga vasingadi kuita zvinhu nenzira dzakasiyana. Mukururamisira, hachisi chinhu icho vezvematongerwo enyika nevatungamiriri pasi rese vasingaite.
Russia yaive nehupfumi hwakarongwa pakati. Kuronga uku kwaive mumaoko emahurumende akasiyana ehurumende aisada kugovana ruzivo rwavo uye kugona kuita sarudzo nevamwe vavo.. Nekudaro, yega yega yaive nekombuta yavo uye yaipesana nekuibatanidza pamwe nevamwe. Kunyangwe munyika dzechiKomonisiti, makomputa aive anodhura panguva iyoyo.
Makomputa masystem akatanga kuburitsa gomo re data iro muzviitiko zvakawanda raitove kumwe kunhu uye mune mamwe raisambosvika kune vairida.. Pakazosvika ma70, hunyanzvi hunotungamira hupfumi hweSoviet hwakagadzira zvinyorwa zvina mabhiriyoni mana pagore. Makore gumi gare gare, chirongwa chekudzikisa nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwetekinoroji chakavasvitsa kumagwaro emabhiriyoni mazana masere. Munyori watiri kutevera anotaurira kuti mvumo yekugadzira chishandiso chemagetsi chaida masiginecha makumi matanhatu.
Nguva zhinji maitirwo acho ainonoka mukutsamira kwaiita senge bhodhoro.
Makomputa, pachinzvimbo chekuva mhinduro rakava chikamu chechinetso. Yakanga isiri iyo chete huwandu hweruzivo hwakagadzirwa, asiwo kusakwana kwayo. Vakuru vepazasi vakaita nhamba kuitira kuti vatende kuti vaive vasvika pazvinangwa zvakamisikidzwa. Kubva pane iyi data, makomputa akaburitsa ruzivo rutsva urwo rwakazadzikiswa nedata renhema nyowani kusvikira vasvika vanonoka uye zvakashata kune avo vaifanira kuita sarudzo.
Makomputa muUSSR. Kuguma kwehunyanzvi
Aya matambudziko akaita kuti zvisaite kuti masayendisiti eSoviet agone kusimudzira parari neWest.. Iko kunonoka kwekutora ekutsiva zvikamu zvakamanikidza vashandisi kugadzirisa avo pachavo kugadzirisa uye kugadzira zvirongwa mumuchina kodhi kuti ishandise zvirinani zvekuchengetedza zviripo. Izvi zvakaramba zvichideredza kuwirirana pakati pezvikwata. Mazhinji emamodeli aripo aive akasiyana emidziyo yekutanga.
Iyo Soviet Academy yeSainzi, iyo yaive injini yekuvandudza komputa yeSoviet, haina kukwanisa kupesvedzera simba rezvematongerwo enyika kumasangano ane simba. uye yakadzoserwa kunzvimbo yekushongedza. Kutsvagisa uye kuvandudza kwe Hardware rakava iro basa remasangano ekutsvagisa akasunganidzwa kumakurukota.
Kudzikisa tekinoroji gaka uyeHurumende yakafunga kurega kuvandudza indasitiri yayo pirate dhizaini dzekuMadokero.
Mhedzisiro yekutanga yekubatana kusingazivikanwe yaive ES EVM, Russian chirevo cheUnified Electronic Computer System
Iyo ES EVM yaive yakakosha mainframe yeIBM / 360 iyo maRussia akakwanisa kugadzira nekuti IBM yakanga yaburitsa rondedzero yehurongwa hwekuvaka.
Maererano nenyanzvi, iyo Hardware yaive yepakutanga uye yekudzosera-mainjiniya. Muchokwadi, zvinoita sekunge IBM pachayo yakaratidza kuifarira. Kana iri software, yaive IBM ine zvimwe zvidiki diki.
Mhando dzekutanga dzakatangwa pakati pa1979 na1978. Vakauya kuzoshanda kuma 700 kips, vane 1 MB ye RAM uye 64-bit zvinyorwa zvinoyangarara.
Iyo yekushandisa sisitimu yaidaidzwa kuti OC EC uye shanduro dzayo dzekutanga dzaive OS / 360 nedzimwe shanduko. Nekufamba kwenguva maRussia akatanga kuwedzera zvavo zvemukati, kunyangwe iyo IBM kodhi yakaramba iripo. Nhasi, ichiri kutsigirwa munzvimbo dzekuRussia dzekutsvagisa uye inoshanda pane ese ES EVM uye IBM michina.
Kuwedzera kumaguta akasiyana siyana eRussia, Iyi modhi yakagadzirwa mune dzimwe nyika dzeEastern Bloc dzakaita seBulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania neEast Germany. Cuba yakagadzira zvigadzirwa zvemupendero.
Nyaya iyi ichaenderera mberi…
Ini ndinoda aya marudzi ezvinyorwa, ndiani anonzi rondedzero?
Kana iwe uchinongedzera kwandiri semupepeti wechinyorwa, Diego Germán González. Kana zviri zvinyorwa zvechinyorwa, ivo vane kwakasiyana mavambo, zvakanyanya iro bhuku rakanyorwa naSlava Gerovitch.
Ndatenda nekutaura.
Inonakidza kwazvo zvaunotaura uye nemabatiro aunoita muchidimbu nyaya dzakaomarara :)
Ndinofungidzira iwe unoziva webhu https://cibcom.org/, asi kana zvisiri, ndinozvibatanidza pano kuitira kuti chero munhu angafarire kudzika mukati memisoro iyi
Ndatenda neruzivo
Muchokwadi, CID-201 yakagadzirwa muCuba: nyika yekutanga muLatin America kugadzira microcomputer yenyika ... uye usati wabvunza, pazvakazoonekwa kuti kutenga komputa kunobatsira kupfuura kuigadzira, zviwanikwa zvekushandisa zvakagoverwa (uye vanhu) iyo yaizoshandiswa pamakomputa, mukugadzirwa kweeletro-mushonga uye biotechnology michina; Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti sei Cuba iri nyika ine indasitiri yehutano yepamusorosoro, iine hupfumi hwetekiniki husina basa (IT).