Makomputa muUSSR. Kubva pakusaziva kusvika pakuzivikanwa

Mauri Nyaya yapfuura isu takanga tatanga kutaurira nhoroondo yekomputa muSoviet Union. MNepo vesaenzi nevemauto vaive pachena kuti kuve kumberi kwenzvimbo nyowani kwakakosha kukuchengetedza kwenyika, kubva mubato rezvematongerwo enyika uye dzidziso dzakanangana neSocial Sayenzi zvakashorwa semafungidziro emabhizimusi.

Kuti udzivise matambudziko, Vatsvakurudzi vaifanira kungwarira neshoko rakashandiswa, vachisiya izwi raireva basa reWest kumadokero pachinhu ichi. Kunyange mutsara logic mashandiros yaive nenjodzi, nekuti yaigona kududzirwa semachina aigona kufunga. Panzvimbo ye memory, vaongorori vakashandisa izwi rezvehunyanzvi kuchengetedza. Mashoko yakashandurwa ne data y ruzivo rweruzivo nokuti rurimi twister nhamba yedzidziso yekufambisa kwemasaini emagetsi neruzha

Pasinei neizvi, USSR yakakwanisa kuwana zvimwe zvakakosha zviitiko

MESM: ChiRussian chirevo cheElectroniki Diki Kuverenga Mashini aive iyo yechipiri programmable komputa muE Continental Europe uye yekutanga munyika kushanda zvakafanana. Yaishandisa yakagadziriswa-poindi svomhu uye ne16-bit izwi pamwe neicho chechiratidzo. Iyo yekuraira fomati yaive 3-nzira. Yakashanda pamwe nemazana matanhatu emagetsi emagetsi, ayo mazana maviri nemazana mashanu aive matatu uye chiuru nemazana mashanu emadhiodhi

MESM Yakanga ichishandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko mufizikiki yenyukireya, kuvaka uye dhizaini yendege nemaroketi, huwandu hwehuwandu hwehutongi uye kuverenga kwekufambisa kwesimba remagetsi, pakati pezvimwe zvinoshandiswa..

Strela (museve) kamuri kadiki-kadiki inoshandiswa mukushandisa zvechiuto. Strela yaive nemavharu 6.200 uye 60.000 semiconductor diode. uye yaishanda nekumhanyisa kwema 2.000 mabasa pasekondi. Yayo yekuyangarara-poindi arithmetic yaive yakavakirwa pamakumi matatu nematatu mazwi, iine makumi matatu neshanu yakasainwa mantissa uye nhanhatu-yakasainwa exporter. Iyo Williams chubhu RAM yaive nekwanisi yemazwi 43. Yaive ne semiconductor ROM yezvirongwa. Kupinda kwedata kwakaitwa kuburikidza nemakadhi akabhakwa kana magineti matepi. Kuchengetedza kwaive nemagineti tepi, punch kadhi, kana purinda.

BESM: Chimwe chirevo muRussia, mune iyi nyaya ye Kurumidza (kana Huru) Magetsi Makomputa Mashini. Iyi tambo yechigadzirwa yaive neshanduro nhanhatu dzakasiyana. Iyo yekutanga vhezheni yaive bhinari komputa ine 39-bit izwi. Yake Arithmetic Logic Unit yakashanda zvakafanana uye yakashandisa yakayangarara poindi arithmetic. Izwi dhizaini raive makumi matatu nematatu eman mantissa, 32 biti yechiratidzo cheiyo nhamba, mashanu mabheti eanoburitsa, uye 1 biti yechiratidzo cheanoburitsa. Yaive nekwanisi yekumiririra manhamba mumatanho 5 ^ -1 kusvika 9 ^ 9 uye iko iko iko iko kuverenga kwaive padyo nenzvimbo gumi nenhatu.

Inogona kuita mapfumbamwe masvomhu mashandiro, masere kodhi kufambisa mashandiro, matanhatu manzwiro mashandiro, uye 8 manejimendi mashandiro.

Kunge MESM, kubva kunaani dhizaini yakatorwa, yaive yakagadzirirwa zvinangwa zvakajairika uye yaibatanidzwa mukutsvagisa minda senge nyukireya simba, kusimudzira muchadenga, uye kuronga kwehupfumi.

Makomputa muUSSR. Vezvematongerwo enyika vanosarudza kuvatsigira

Nekufa kwe Stalin uye kubudirira kwekutanga kweSoviet mundima yezvombo zvenyukireya, vesaenzi vakakwanisa kubvisa kudzora kwepfungwa uye kuranga kwakadai secybernetics, genetics, uye mashandisirwo ehupfumi hwe masvomhu akazogamuchirwa nenyika.

Kutanga mumakumi matanhatu, hurumende yakaburitsa zvisungo zvakateerana zvichitendera kuvakwa kwemafekitori matsva emakomputa, uye zvinyorwa zvakanangwa neruzhinji zvakavamba kusimudzira makomputa se "michina yecommunism."

Ndichiri kuMadokero komputa network yakaonekwa seinobatsira pakudzivirira, Vatsvaguriri veSoviet vakaronga kubatanidza makambani ese eSoviet kuburikidza nekubatana kwenyika komputa network iyo yaizogadzirisa ruzivo rwehupfumi munguva chaiyo uye kugadzirisa hupfumi hwese.

Iyo Kremlin yakaita chikanganiso chakafanana nedzimwe hurumende dzakawandisa. Kunyangwe aibheja pakombuta tekinoroji, Izvo zvakazviita pasina kushandura zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, chimiro chehutungamiriri kana hukama hwemagetsi. Dai zvaive zvaita saizvozvo, kupera kweCold War kwaigona kunge kwakasiyana.

Nyaya iyi ichaenderera.