Isu tanga ruboshwe nhoroondo yedu panguva iyoyo iyo komputa network iyo yaibatanidza mamwe mayunivhesiti eNorth America akawedzera kune dzimwe nyika achishandisa matatu akaparadzaniswa maneti; Arpanet (kubatanidza nhare) PRNET (neredhiyo) uye Satnet (kuburikidza nesatellite) imwe neimwe ichishandisa yayo protocol. Yasvika nguva yekuvabatanidza kuburikidza nekushandisa imwe protocol.
Kubva pamazhinji-network kuenda paInternet
Muna 1973 iyo yava kunzi DARPA gadzira boka rinoshanda rekugadzira iyi protocol nyowani. Iri boka raizotungamirirwa na iwo iwo iwo musimboti wekubvumirana uye meritocracy iyo maitikiro epakutanga akagadzirwa.
Iyo protocol nyowani yaizosarudza nzira yakatosiyana. Kubva pane basa reCyclades, chirongwa cheFrance network yekutaurirana uye nekutsvaga kweLerox PARC marabhoritari, yaizotsvaga kudzora hutongi nekuitambidza kune vanotumira uye vanogamuchira.
Xerox Research Labs (Iyo Inventors ye Photocopying) ivo vaive nebasa rezvakawanda zvitsva. Zvinosuruvarisa, vatungamiriri vavo havana kukwanisa kuita kuti vawane purofiti. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvigadzirwa yaive Alto komputa.
Makumi emakore Apple isati yaburitsa yayo yekutanga graphical desktop modhi, iyo Altos yaive negonzo, graphical desktop, uye hwindo maneja. Xerox yaida nzira yekuti makomputa aya ataure nemumwe uye nehumwe chigadzirwa chavakagadzira; laser maprinta.
Kuti vabudirire pane izvi vakanyorera muinjiniya wechidiki anonzi Robert Metcalfe. Metcalfe aive nhengo yechikwata chaitungamira mukugadzira iyo yakajairika protocol kune ese maratidziro, asi aive asina kugadzikana nekubvumirana uye kwakakodzera nzira saka akaisa pfungwa pabasa rake reXerox.
Iri basa raizove hwaro hwatinoziva nhasi seEthernet, iyo yekutaurirana protocol yenzvimbo dzemuno network. Pfungwa yakakosha yeEthernet yakauya kwaari achirara pamba paSteve Crocker. Crocker aive murongi weboka rakagadzira yekutanga Internet maprotocol uye ndokumisikidza nzira yekubvumirana uye meritocracy iyo yaizove gare gare hwaro hwemazhinji akavhurwa sosi mapurojekiti.
Zvinonzi kusakwanisa kurara, Metcalfe akatora bhuku resainzi ndokuverenga chinyorwa nezve protocol yakashandiswa kubatanidza makomputa maviri uchishandisa masaisai eredhiyo atakakurukura munyaya yapfuura. Injiniya akavandudza zano nekuita chekutarisa cheki kana chiteshi chiri kushandiswa chisati chatumirwa, zvadaro chingamirira. Pamusoro pezvo, inogara ichiongorora matambudziko, mune iyo kesi kutenderera kunomira uye kutangazve gare gare.
Kubva pamabasa aMetcalfe Iyo inonzi PUP protocol (PARC Universal Packet) yakabuda umo, kusiyana neARPANET, kutonga pamusoro pekuyerera kwedata uye kutendeseka kwekutarisa hakusi mune zvekubatanidza zvivakwa asi kune anotumira uye anogamuchira.
Muna Chivabvu 1974 timu yeDARPA inoburitsa yekutanga dhizaini yeTransmission Control Protocol (TCP) inotora nzira yePUP. Kunyangwe ivo vane mutoro vachidoma chikonzero chehunyanzvi, kuti zviri nyore zvikuru kuyera hurongwa hwehutongi hwezvigaro, vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanozvitenda izvo danho iri raive nechekuita neuzivi uhwo hwakatungamira mukusarudzwa kwenzira yekushanda pamwe nekubvumirana.
Iyo yekutanga ARPANET network yaidzorwa nekontrakta inonzi BBN yaive nesimba rekuwana, kuongorora uye kugadzirisa zviri kure.
Zvisinei, hapana dzidziso yekurangana yekutsvaga nzira yekutanga. Pane imwe nguva apo simba remakomputa raive rakaderera uye richidhura, raive repakati kuitira kuti risabvise simba rekugadzirisa kubva kumakomputa emuno evatambi ve network.
Kushanda pamwe pakati pemasaiti uchishandisa protocol nyowani kwakayedzwa muna Mbudzi 22, 1977. Rori yekutyaira mumugwagwa mukuru weCalifornia yakatepfenyurwa kukomputa yeARPANET yakaiisa tambo kune imwe komputa iri kuUS East Coast. Kubva ipapo, vakatumirwa kuburikidza nesatellite kuenda kuUnited Kingdom, iyo yakavadzosera kuCalifornia uko kwavakagamuchirwa netiraki umo timu yakagadzira mapatani aibvumidza kuongorora kutendeka kwedata. Kwakange kusina zvikanganiso, kungo kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nemabhiriji uye kumwe kuvaka.
Mushure mekudzokororwa kwakawanda, muna 1978 iyo TCP protocol yakaitwa forogo kuita zvikamu zviviri; TCP yaizotarisira kutaurirana pakati pemakomputa neiyo nyowani IP protocol kubatana pakati pemarudzi akasiyana enetiweki. Izvo zvaitsvakwa kwaive kudzivisa kudzokororwa kwemabasa pakati pemakomputa anopa mukana kune ekunze manetwork kubva kune ayo anotonga emuno manetwork.
Kuenderera mberi…
Chikamu chechipiri chekupedzisira chakandiyeuchidza nezveiyo bhaisikopo Firewall naHarrinson Ford.
Zvinyorwa zvakanaka kwazvo zvichiita kuvhenekerwa kwenhoroondo.
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gracias
Iyo inonakidza sei nhevedzano yezvinyorwa. Ndiri kuaverenga zvakanyatsonaka. Kunyangwe ini ndisinganyatsonzwisisa zvaanoreva ne "nzira yekukodzera uye yekubvumirana yekushanda."
Gracias!
Panzvimbo pekufunga nezve nzvimbo inogara munhu wese mumanera, mipiro yavo yaitariswa uye chibvumirano chakaitwa