Kuberekwa kweGNU. Stallman nemugwagwa weFree Software

Mauri Nyaya yapfuura Isu takanga taudza masisitimu akanakisa eMIT Artificial Intelligence murabhoritari akange aisiya kuti iende kune inoitisa mari yakawanda zvakavanzika uye, se shamwari yedu Richard Stallman akasara aine vanhu vashoma vanofarira mashandiro ezvinhu zvekuti akasarudza kusiya kuzvivandudza kwake osarudza software yekutengesa.

Dambudziko rakamuka pavakange vachida kuti muchina mutsva ubatanidzwe kune ese ari maviri ARPANET network uye neMIT network. Iyo labhu haina kukwanisa kuwana chero munhu aigona kuita shanduko dzakakodzera kune software. Chirongwa ichi chaive chakaoma kunzwisisa uye sezvo chisingakwanise kugovaniswa, paive pasina vanhu vaifarira kuzviita. Kana mutengesi haana kufarira kuita shanduko.

Kuna Stallman, pamusoro pekupereterwa zvisizvo uye zvinonetsa kunzwisisa, iyo nyowani sisitimu yakanga iine isingashande chengetedzo mutemo yakamisikidzwa nekutadza iyo kwete chete kuti haina kudzivirira vanhu kubva netsaona kuita njodzi dzinokanganisa. Zvakare, zvaitadzisa mumwe munhu aiziva kubatsira mumwe munhu kusvikira mumwe munhu ane simba rekupa mvumo asvika.

Stallman akashandisa hunyanzvi hwekuronga kukanganisa mutemo wezvekuchengetedza kudzamara waiswa pachiyero zvekuti yakaita chero kuyedza kuzviita zvakaoma kudaro. Akazorega kushandisa computer iya nekuti yakamumanikidza kuti ave nepassword yakavanzika.

Kuberekwa kweGNU

Na 82 zvakava pachena kuna Stallman kuti nzira chete yekudzosa mweya wekutanga weMIT lab yaive yekugadzira yemahara yekushandisa system kubva pakutanga. Akazofunga kuti zvinofanirwa kunge zvakaenzana neUnix kufambisa shanduko uye kuita kuti vanhu vanzwe vachida kubatana. Kuti atumidze zita, akafunga kutendeukira kutsika yekare yeMIT hackers, chirevo chinodzokorodza.

GNU inomirira Gnu's Not Unix (GNU haisi Unix)

Kuti usadzorezve vhiri raRichard Akatanga kutsvaga maturusi emahara ekushandisa muchirongwa ichi uye akawana chimwe chinonzi "Free University Compilation Kit" Paakabvunza mushambadzi kana aigona kuishandisa, akati hongu pamamiriro ezvinhu ekuti compiler inoramba iri yepamutemo uye mashandiro anoita akavakwa nayo anokurudzira vanhu kuti vatenge iyo.

Stallman akafunga kugadzira yake compiler iyo iyo yakafuridzirwa neyemahara compiler yemutauro unonzi Pastel (Yakawedzerwa vhezheni yaPascal) Mukufananidza, akatanga kushanda pane imwe yemapurojekiti ake epamberi: mhariri yemavara inonzi GNU Emacs.

Pakutanga GNU Emacs yaive yakavakirwa pane imwe inofungidzirwa yemahara yekuparadzira mupepeti. Sezvandaishanda nemupepeti uya, Stallman akaziva kuti yakanga isina hunhu hwaaida uye akaigadzirisa. Pakazodzoka kambani kudzora uye kurambidza kuenderera mberi kwekuparadzirwa, chikamu chidiki chete chekodhi yepakutanga chakasara chakangotora vhiki nehafu kutsiva.

Izvi nezvimwe zvishandiso zvakagadzirwa naStallman nevamwe vake vaizoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira Linux, zvigadzirwa zveBSD uye zvaizoendeswa kuWindows, Mac uye Sony's PlayStation.

Muna 1985 Mahara Software Foundation inogadzirwa, iyo isiri-purofiti sangano inobhadhariswa nekuona kuti zvese zvishandiso zveiyo GNU chirongwa zvinowanikwa pachena kune avo vanoda kuzvishandisa. Pamusoro peizvozvo, inoita zviitiko zvekuparadzira.

Muna 1989 Richard Stallman akanyora yekutanga vhezheni yeGNU General Public License (GPL) yezita racho muchirungu iyo inovimbisa vashandisi vekupedzisira (vanhu vamwe, masangano, makambani) rusununguko rwekushandisa, kudzidza, kugovana uye kugadzirisa software.

Bibliography

Zvinoenderana nezvandakavimbisa, iri ndiro bhuku rebhuku rezvinyorwa zvakateedzana

Chandler Jr AD Kuumba iyo Elektroniki Century: Iyo Epic Nhau yeiyo Consumer Electronics uye Computer maindasitiri. Harvard University Press

RyanJ. A Nhoroondo yeInternet uye iyo Dhijitari Remangwana. Reaktion Mabhuku.

Mabhangi M. Panzira yekuenda kuWebhu: Iyo yakavanzika nhoroondo yeInternet nevatangi vayo.Nyora

Richard Stallmann. Taura kuRoyal Institute of Technology muStockholm.