NVIDIA ta sayi ARM: sakamako ga masana'antar

Labarin ya riga ya kasance na ɗan lokaci. Jita-jita na yiwuwar siyan ARM ta NVIDIA suna ta samun karfi. Duk da hakan, har yanzu akwai sauran fata, kamar ba a karɓar abin da aka saye ba, ko kuma Boris Johnson ya ƙi amincewa da sayan don adana hedkwatar Cambridge da ke Burtaniya. Amma babu ɗayan hakan da ya faru kuma mun cika tsammanin tsammanin. Ba kuma cewa akwai fata da yawa ...

Dayawa suna iya tunanin cewa motsi abu ne mai kyau, kuma gaskiyar ita ce ta dogara ga wane. NVIDIA tabbas ba ta biya ba 40.000 miliyan daloli don dadi. Yunkurin zai kawo masa fa'idodi da matsayi mai yawa a bangaren, amma tabbas za a samu wadanda abin ya rutsa da su a hanya, kuma babban na iya zama KASHI da kansa.

Gabatarwa ga KYAU

Acorn Kwamfuta Kamfani ne wanda Hermann Hauser da Chris Curry suka kafa, kuma tare da aikin da Sophie Wilson da Steve Furber suka jagoranta, da sauransu. Wannan zai fara haɓaka kayan aikin ARM a cikin 1983, ƙaddamar da samfurinsa na farko wanda ya dogara da shi a cikin 1987. Manufar farko ita ce haɓaka injiniya mai ci gaba tare da gine-gine irin na MOS 6502, rubuta RISC. Wannan hanyar zai iya ƙarfafa layukan kwamfutocin kansa don maye gurbin kwakwalwan 6502 wanda suka dogara dashi a lokacin, kuma waɗanda masu haɓaka suke da kwanciyar hankali.

A farkon, Acorn RISC Machine (daga baya Advanced RISC Machine) ba shi da sha'awar kusan waɗannan samfuran mallaka. Amma da zuwan wayoyin hannu, kyakkyawar alakar su aiki-makamashi yadda ya dace, sanya su kan burin kowa. Sun kasance daga kusan rashin wahala zuwa kasancewa cikin tarin na'urori, daga modem, masu ba da hanya, TV, a matsayin masu kula da ɗimbin na'urori, zuwa na'urorin hannu.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kamfanoni kamar Cavium (wanda Marvel ya mallaka yanzu) tare da ThunderX, Amazon tare da Graviton, Fujitsu tare da A64FX, Mallaka EPI aikin, da sauransu, suna da sha'awar ARM fiye da kayan lantarki, don aiwatar da su a cikin HPC, Kamar cibiyoyin bayanai. Ba wannan kadai ba, wasu kuma suna kirkirar kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu kyau don fara bada karfin wasu kwamfutoci, kamar wasu Chromebooks, kamfanin Cupertino da kanta tare da Apple silicon da zarar sun watsar da Intel, da dai sauransu.

A takaice, "na dare," ARM ya zama sananne ne a zahiri Koina. Wani abu wanda kuma yake da alamun ci gaban kwayar Linux kanta ...

Labari mai tsawo, sabon kasuwancin Arm ya canza zuwa ɗayan kamfanonin da ake nema. Giant Jafananci SoftBank yayi mummunan balaguro ga Turai, siyan kamfanin akan yuro miliyan 28.950, tare da ɗaukar ɗayan mahimman fasahohin fasaha da suka rage a cikin Tsohuwar Nahiyar (wanda ke dogaro da fasahar Amurka da China). Amma Jafananci suna da kayansu na ɗan gajeren lokaci, tun lokacin da siyen ya gudana a cikin 2016 kuma a cikin 2020 an siyar dashi ...

Kuma ba daidai ba saboda kasuwancin ba shi da fa'ida, tunda hanyar da Arm zai bayar da gudummawar fasaharta ga wasu yana da fa'ida sosai. Kuma yana yin hakan da biyu daban-daban model:

• Yana ba da damar yi amfani da RANAR ISA, wannan shine, bayanan umarnin da suka tsara. Duk wanda yake son amfani da shi zai iya yin hakan, kamar yadda Fujitsu yayi wa kwakwalwan A64FX, wanda suke microarchitecture da aka tsara daga karce ta amfani da wannan umarnin. Apple Silicon shima wani ɗayan waɗannan lamuran ne, ta amfani da ISA ARM, amma tare da ƙirar da Apple da kanta tayi don A-Series kwakwalwanta.
• Wata dama da yake bayarwa shine lasisin nata IP tsakiya an riga an tsara Wato, don samar da shirye-shiryen microarchitecture ta yadda sauran masu zane zasu iya shigar dasu cikin nasu zane. Wannan shine batun aikin EPI da kanta (ARM CPU + RISC-V accelerators), ko kuma yawancin SoCs don na'urorin hannu, kamar Qualcomm Snapdragon, Samsung Exynos, Mediatek Helio, HiSilicon Kirin, da sauransu, waɗanda suka haɗa ɗaya ko ofarin Cortex-A, Cortex-M,… A wannan yanayin, aikin ceto na tsada na tsara microarchitecture ya sami ceto.

A kowane yanayi, an biya Arm don samun fa'idar fa'idar ... Fa'idar da ba ta kasance ba NVIDIA babban ƙarfafawa don siyan theungiyar Arm daga SoftBank, tunda bukatun Graphzilla sun wuce wannan, kuma suna mai da hankali ga samun sabon fa'ida da fifiko a wasu fannoni kamar yadda zanyi bayani dalla-dalla yanzu. Af, kamar yadda kuka sani, sayan zai rufe kan dala miliyan 40.000, kusan Yuro miliyan 33.770.

Hakanan, wannan samfurin shine tushen nasarar Arm. Idan aka cire shi, nasarar zata iya ɓacewa kuma tafi daga Hannun nasara zuwa kayan aiki kawai don amfanin NVIDIA. Kuma ina so in fayyace cewa wannan ba magana ce kawai ta adawa da NVIDIA ba, amma dole ne a gane cewa yana tattare da hadari mai girma ga kowa. Ba a taɓa damuwa da damuwa game da sayen wannan ƙirar ba.

Wanene NVIDIA ta sayi ARM zai shafa?

Wasu Muryoyi masu izini da manazarta masana'antu na fasaha, da muryoyin da ke kusa da Arm, suna tabbatar da cewa wannan yarjejeniyar zata iya bayyana ƙarshen Arm kanta, aƙalla kamar yadda kuka sanshi yanzu. Zama ƙarin samfur ɗaya na kayan NVIDIA don ƙulla wasu fannoni wanda yanzu NVIDIA ba za ta iya mamaye gaban wasu manyan kamfanoni ba.

Kodayake da yawa suna tabbatar da hakan Samfura na ainihin IP ko amfani da ISA zai kasance cikakke bayan yarjejeniyar, ba duka suna da lafiya daidai ba. Saboda haka, gaskiyar cewa sun daina samar da ɗayansu na nufin babbar asara da koma baya ga kamfanoni kamar Samsung, Qualcomm, Mediatek, da dogon dss. wanda yanzu ya dogara da ɗayan waɗancan samfuran.

Af, a koyaushe ina ambaton kamfanoni kamar Samsung, Qualcomm, Mediatek, HiSilicon, Apple, da sauransu, amma ba su kaɗai ba. Sauran kuma suna siyan lasisi kamar Intel, AMD (don Processors na Security), Rockchip, Marvel, Renesas, STMicroelectronics, NXP, Amazon, Fujitsu, Broadcom (don, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, kwakwalwan Rasberi Pi) da ƙari da yawa. Dukansu yanzu suna cikin rashin tabbas mai yawa, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu sune masu fafatawa kai tsaye na NVIDIA a wasu ɓangarorin ...

Menene ƙari, yanzu na kamfanin Amurka ne, Veararrawar ƙararrawa a cikin yakin cinikayya da China ko Turai, zai iya hana wasu amfani da fasahar Arm, wanda zai zama bala'i da gaske. Kuma shine cewa tsara gasa ta hanyar microarchitecture tun daga farko ba lamari ne na kwanaki ko watanni ba, yana daukar lokaci mai yawa da kudi, don haka zai sanya kamfanoni da yawa cikin mummunan hasara.

Hakanan, muryoyi kamar Ryan Kaina, na AnandTech, ya bayyana cewa yarjejeniyar don sayen shine mafi sauki daga yarjejeniyar. Abu mai wahala yanzu shine ya shawo kan duk waɗancan masanan waɗanda yanzu suka dogara da Arm don zama.

Daya daga cikin mahimmancin murya ya kasance tsohon injiniyan injiniya mai ritaya, kamar yadda yake Chia Kok Hua. Ya kasance yana firgita game da yiwuwar siyan na ɗan lokaci kafin hakan ta faru, kuma yana da'awar samun tushen farko game da yarjejeniyar, yana mai tabbatar da cewa ba abu bane mai kyau. Ya ci gaba da ba da tabbacin cewa, koda NVIDIA za ta ci gaba da kasuwanci kamar yadda take yanzu, masu fafatawa da ita ba su da abin yi da yawa saboda fa'idar da NVIDIA za ta samu yanzu.

Me yasa kace haka? Da kyau, mai sauki, kuma yanzu Arm ya kasance mai tsarawa ne kawai wanda ba shi da kwazo don samarwa ko sayar da nasa zane, amma kawai haɓakawa ga wasu. Saboda haka, ba barazana ba ce, amma kawai tushen fasaha ne. Madadin haka, NVIDIA ba kawai za ta zama tushe ba, har ma da gasa, kuma za ta yi iya kokarinta don cin ribarta, kada ku yi shakka. Zai yi amfani da matsayinsa don samun galaba akan sauran.

Misali zaka iya gabatar da canje-canje a cikin ISA ko yanayin ƙasa don amfaninku, wanda ba zai dace da sauran masu zane ba.

NVIDIA babbar fa'ida

El babban mai amfana na wannan motsi shine NVIDIA kanta. Motar Arm ba ita kadai ba ce ta sanya ta cikin yanayi mafi fa'ida:

1. NVIDIA ta samu Mellanox na dala biliyan 6.900 a bara. Saboda haka, yana riƙe InfiniBand da Ethernet fasahar da wannan kamfani ke da shi. A wasu kalmomin, mahimman hanyoyin fasaha don hanyoyin sadarwar sauri waɗanda aka yi amfani dasu a ɓangaren HPC. Yanzu wannan fasaha tana ƙarƙashin tsarin NVIDIA Networking.
2. NVIDIA ta saya Arm na dala miliyan 40.000. Haka ne, kusan dala biliyan 47.000 na kashewa, amma yanzu kuna cikin matsayin da zai kawo muku fiye da hakan.

Me nake nufi da wannan? Da kyau, mai sauƙi, kuma NVIDIA yanzu tana cikin mafi kyawun matsayi zuwa mamaye a cikin bangaren HPC, kuma har ma da sanya kamfanoni masu iko sosai cikin hadari kamar yadda nayi bayani a gaba. Dalili? Babu wani wanda ke da cikakkiyar mafita, NVIDIA yanzu yayi: ARM CPUs + GPUs + Hanyoyin sadarwa. Wanene zai dace da wannan?

x86 cikin haɗari

Kamar yadda na ambata a sashin da ya gabata, har ma x86 na iya kasancewa cikin haɗari mai tsanani bayan wannan motsi daga NVIDIA. Aƙalla a cikin HPC kuma za mu gani idan har a wasu ɓangarorin, kuma ban faɗi haka ba. Hakanan akwai wasu damuwa tsakanin wasu ma'aikata a kamfanoni kamar Intel da AMD, wanda zai iya kasancewa wasu waɗanda ke fama da wannan yarjejeniyar tsakanin Graphzilla da Arm.

A cikin masana'antar cibiyar bayanai, Arm yana da matukar mahimmanci, kuma yanzu tare da duk waɗannan abubuwan da aka samo, NVIDIA zata iya sanya kanta a matsayin jagora mara jayayya kuma ta kawar da Intel Xeon da AMD EPYC kwakwalwan kwamfuta, wanda har yanzu ake buƙata tare da GPUs, amma yanzu ba a yanzu.

Ka tuna cewa AMD kamfani ne mai rauni fiye da Intel, kuma yana iya zama ɗayan manyan abubuwan da abin ya shafa. Kuma bayan wannan sakewa tare da Zen, za'a iya ɗaukar sabon koma baya tare da wannan motsi nasa kai tsaye gasa a fagen zane-zane. Intel ita ce katuwar, Chipzilla, amma Chipzilla mai rauni ƙwarai da gaske, kuma a cikin yanayin da ba shi ne mafi kyau ba, don haka iska kaɗan za ta iya girgiza jagorancin ta ...

Nace, dole ne ka cire hular ka ga motsin NVIDIA, wanda zai ci nasara da yawa, amma zai iya kawo babbar matsala ga sauran. Saboda haka, koda kuwa a gwaninta da dabarun motsi, ba shi da kwata-kwata. A hakikanin gaskiya, kayyade kansu da wadannan kyawawan halaye koyaushe suna cutar da masu amfani da kansu… Jensen Huang, Shugaba na NVIDIA, ya kasance mai wayo, amma wani yunkuri ne da wasu kamar Kevin Krewell suka bayyana da «rashin kulawa sosai".

Kuma ta hanyar, Apple, wanda ya kawar da Intel kuma ya fara nasa hanyar da Apple silicon dangane da ISA ARM, kuma zai iya shafar sosai. Wasu manazarta sun ce suna da zaɓi biyu, ko ƙoƙari su dakatar da NVIDIA, ko ɗaukar wata hanyar madadin. Ban ga na farko ba, tunda Apple ba ya takara kai tsaye da NVIDIA a bangaren kwamfyuta, kuma ware albarkatu don wannan matakin ba zai zama da amfani ba. Amma madadin na biyu ba shine mai arha da gajeren lokaci ba ko dai ...

Me game Rasberi Pi da Arduino?

Haka kuma ana rade-radin cewa SBC Rasberi Pi Yana cikin haɗari, saboda yana amfani da kwakwalwan Broadcom ARM. Amma ba a faɗi abubuwa da yawa game da hukumar ci gaban ba Arduino, sauran dandamali na kyauta wanda shima yana da wasu allon masu amfani da ARM, kuma ba kawai kwakwalwan Atmel Atmega ba.

Dogaro da yarjejeniyar lasisi da NVIDIA ke kiyayewa, ana iya shafar su zuwa mafi girma ko ƙarami. Har yanzu lokaci bai yi ba da za a yanke hukunci, amma ba zai cutar da tsanin ARM da kallo ba RISC-V, wanda shine bude ISA. A zahiri, akwai tuni akwai wasu allon ci gaban RISC-V masu ban sha'awa sosai ...

A halin yanzu, Broadcom shine ke sanya SoC don Rasberi Pi, yayin da Atmel ke sanya shi don Arduino. Dogaro da Na gwada cewa suna da wadannan tare da NVIDIA zasu dogara da makomar wadannan allon.

Ido! Hakanan za'a iya faɗin duk waɗannan faranti masu jituwa ko makamancin haka wadanda suke a kasuwa, kamar su ODROID, Orange Pi, Banana Pi, UDOO, da alluna kamar su Beagle, Tenssy, da sauransu.

ARM microcontrollers

Wani babban binciken da aka manta wanda na gani shine Cortex-M, Hanyoyin hannu na MCUs ko microcontrollers. Waɗannan kwakwalwan ana yin su ne don wasu dalilai, kamar su kayan saka ko na saka, injunan masana'antu, motocin hawa, IoT, na'urorin masarufin yau da kullun, da dai sauransu

Wannan layinzai zama mai fa'ida ga NVIDIA? Ya danganta da ko yana cikin sha'awar NVIDIA ko a'a, zai iya zama mai ɗan raguwa, yana haifar da da yawa waɗanda yanzu sun dogara da shi sun rasa waɗannan ƙirar IP ɗin. Kuma hakan zai wuce bangaren kwamfyutoci da manyan kwamfutoci.

Hakanan gaskiya ne don ARM Cortex-R, wani jerin RISC CPUs dangane da ARM kuma, a wannan yanayin, an inganta don amintattu da aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, harma da Real-Time (ainihin lokacin). Wani maɓallin maɓalli don takamaiman masana'antu da sauran aikace-aikace.

Tabbas, kodayake ba shi da mashahuri sosai, yanki ne mai matukar laushi. Kuma kuma mun sake samun wata tambaya. Kuma, kodayake NVIDIA tana kula da ci gaban waɗannan MCUs, tana iya sakin a babban amfani wannan a cikin manyan sassa na gaba kamar motoci, IoT, da sauransu. Babban fa'idar ɗayan, mai cutar da yawa ...

Yarjejeniyar ta shafa: RISC-V

NVIDIA ba ita ce kawai ke cin gajiyar wannan yunƙurin ba a siyan Arm. Akwai wani mai cin gajiyar, amma kusan haɗi. Ba tare da neman shi ba, ISA RISC-V na iya zama babban mai nasara, saboda yawancin waɗannan abokan cinikin Arm ɗin na yanzu suna iya ƙare kira RISC-V, wanda zai jawo hankalin karin saka hannun jari, ci gaba, da kuma karfafa mahalli.

Af, duk da cewa NVIDIA shine ɗaya daga cikin abokan tarayya Gidauniyar RISC-V, kar kuyi tunanin yayi hakan da tunaninsu. A zahiri, idan RISC-V ya fara samun mabiya bayan motsi, shima zai zama abokin gaba ga NVIDIA kanta. Don haka za mu ga abin da ya faru da gudummawar da kuke bayarwa a yanzu ...

Mike Demler, daya daga cikin manyan manazarta a rukunin Linley, ya kuma tabbatar da cewa «mutane masu mahimmanci zasu iya canzawa. Customersarin abokan cinikin Arm za su iya duban RISC-V«, Magana game da yarjejeniya tsakanin NVIDIA da Arm.

Wataƙila wasu kamar MIPS da OpenPOWER Hakanan zasu iya cin gajiyar wannan yarjejeniyar, tunda waɗannan ISAs na iya cajin riba idan NVIDIA ta yanke shawarar yin baƙon dabaru da ARM. Za mu gani…

ƙarshe 

Daga qarshe, motsawar wani ci gaba ne bayyananne ga NVIDIA, amma mai tsanani jefa baya ga duka wasu. Kuma ko da sun riƙe abokan cinikin su na Arm kuma ba su shafi samfuran lasisi na yanzu ba, NVIDIA da kanta za ta sami fa'ida a kasuwa, kuma wannan na iya haifar da sakamakon sa ga kwastomomi da masu amfani kuma, kamar yadda gasa za ta sha wahala.

Tabbatar da yawa cewa NVIDIA zata ci nasara, amma rashin tabbas da yawa a cikin komai ... Lokaci zai nuna.

Yanzu sanannen magana cewa Linus Torvalds an faɗi lokaci mai tsawo yana magana akan NVIDIA ... wataƙila yanzu ya ɗan sami ma'ana. Kuma yanzu lokaci yayi da za a kalli RISC-V tare da yi masa fatan alkhairi don kyautatawa duka ...