Idan an gaya muku fewan shekarun da suka gabata cewa babbar komputa tare da kwakwalwan kwamfuta bisa rundunar ISA zasu kasance farkon matsayin TOP500 (jerin sunayen manyan kwamfyutoci 500 a duniya), dariya da dariya zasu kasance da ƙarfi. Babu wanda ya yi tunanin cewa gine-ginen da ba a amfani da su ba zai isa wurin.
Ananan kaɗan, kwakwalwan ARM suna ta samun nasara, suna cin fagen na'urorin hannu don ƙwarewarsu da aikinsu, da kuma wasu samfuran da aka saka. Amma 'yan shekarun da suka gabata sun fara kirkira wasu sabobin tare da ARM karancin amfani, kuma ya fara yin kwarkwasa da wannan ISA a cikin bangaren HPC (High Computing Computing).
Labarin da yayi tsalle kwanan nan game da hakan Apple ya bar Intel Don ƙirƙirar kayan aikinta na ARM yana da mahimmanci, ga duk abin da ya ƙunsa, amma kusan ba a lura da shi ba, mafi mahimman labarai. Kuma shine cewa babban kwamfyutar ARM zai iya kayar da aikin taron IBM kuma ya cinye matsayin farko na jerin Top500. A karon farko ARM ya kai matuka, kuma wannan yana nufin kafin da bayan ...
Komawa Apple, ya zama kamar baƙon abu ne cewa guntu na hannu zai iya fin na Intel ƙwarewa da aiki, amma Apple ya gabatar da shi kuma zai iya yin zane mai ban sha'awa. Intel yana ƙara rikitarwa, kuma ba wai kawai saboda gasar daga AMD ba ...
Babban komputa
Amma abin da ba za ku taɓa tunanin lokaci mai tsawo ba shi ne Hakanan za'a iya nada shi a HPC. Shin kana son sanin cikakken bayani? Da kyau, a cikin jerin Top500 na Yuni 2020, babban komputer na Japan Fugaku ne ke riƙe da saman matsayin. Wata babbar komputar kan kwakwalwar 64Ghz Fujitsu A48FX 2.2C, wacce ta hadasu da 7.299.072 masu sarrafa abubuwa domin kara dabba da aikin lissafi.
Musamman ya kai 415,5 PFLOPS (ma'ana, lissafin 415.500.000.000.000.000 tare da adadi a cikin dakika ɗaya) kuma za'a yi amfani dashi don bincike akan SARS-CoV-2, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa.
An girka shi a Cibiyar Kimiyyar RIKEN da ke Kobe, Japan. A wannan cibiyar data sun fi Nodes 150K daga ciki an haɗa shi, an haɗa shi ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa mai saurin Tofu Interconect D don haɗa haɗin kwakwalwan ARMv8.2-A SVE na maɗaura 52 a kowace kumburi.
Har ila yau amfani ƙwaƙwalwar babban bandwidth HBM2 tare da damar 32 GiB a kowace kumburi. Ma'aji mai hikima, yana da 1.6 TB NVMe da aka raba ta kowane node 16, da kuma 150 PB Shared FS, da ƙarin sabis na ajiyar girgije.
Kamar yadda tsarin aiki yake amfani da Linux, musamman rarraba RHEL 8, da IHK / McKernel lokaci guda. Dukkanin wasan kwaikwayon an auna su a ƙarƙashin McKernel, kodayake Linux yana nan don samar da sauran ayyukan POSIX.
Chip
Dabbar sarrafawa wacce ta bayar da waɗannan alkaluman "tawali'u ce." Chipan guntu ne wanda Fujitsu ya ƙirƙira. Ana kiran sa A64FX kuma microprocessor ne wanda ya danganci gine-ginen ARM 8.2A, kuma yana ɗaukar SVE (Scalable Vector Extensions), ƙarin kari zuwa wannan tushe ISA don samun kyakkyawan sakamako na lissafi.
A64FX da ke da Fujitsu an tsara shi saboda haka yana maye gurbin kwakwalwan HPC na SPARC na baya. Kuma ba wai kawai sun kafa wata muhimmiyar hanya don ɗaukar Fugaku zuwa saman Top500 ba, har ma don kasancewa farkon wanda ya goyi bayan 512-bit SIMD EVS.
Waɗannan kwakwalwan an ƙera su a ciki Masana'antar TSMC, iri ɗaya ne a inda suke ƙera Zen na AMD, kuma iri ɗaya ne inda zasu kera guga na Turai. Fasahar da sukayi amfani da fasahar 7nm wajen gina transistors nasu 8.786.000.000. Duk wannan a cikin ƙaramin guntu wanda kawai ke buƙatar fil 594.
Bugu da ƙari, kowane mai sarrafawa yana amfani da 32GB na HBM2 ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tare da 1TB / s bandwidth, tare da layi 16 ko kuma layin PCIx ta kowane mai sarrafawa don haɗa su da masu hanzari, kamar GPGPUs da FPGAs.
A ƙarshe, yana aiki akan 2.2 Ghz kuma an kara wadatattun fakiti don kammala wannan adadi kusan kusan miliyan 7.3 da kusan 5 PB na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Matakan sarrafawa da aka cimma da aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace na gaba waɗanda wannan zai haifar yana da ban mamaki. A yanzu haka, lokacin da nake sanya wannan tsokaci a shafinku na ban mamaki, guntu da tebur ɗina ke amfani da shi Intel ne. Wannan PC ɗin yana da shekaru 8, amma har yanzu ina fatan zai dawwama aƙalla shekaru 2, fiye da isasshen lokaci don duk waɗannan ci gaban da aka samu na ci gaba ba za a iya ɗaukar su zuwa filin Kamfanoni kawai ba har ma da yanayin gida.
Ina da shekaru 61 kuma lokacin da masu sarrafa RISC suka fara samun matsala, saboda ƙananan kamfanoni da ƙananan tallace-tallace suka ƙera su; Koyaushe yana cewa wata rana sa'arsa na iya canzawa kuma wannan na iya zama babbar damarsa
Dole ne in ba Rasperry Pi ya kasance cikin tsari tare da ARM.
Injin burgewa, bari muyi fatan amfani a cikin samfurin Covid a cikin wannan babbar kwamfutar zata kawo sakamako.
Idan za ta yiwu, Ina son kwatancen ƙarfin wannan injin sarrafawa tare da tallace-tallace. Ko da kuwa daga raba fulawa ne. Sama da Gbflops 500 sune Ryzen 3600 ko i510600. 415,5 PFLOPS / 150k nodes ~ = 415.500.000.000.000 / 150 = 2.770.000.000.000 => 2.770 gigaflops a kowace kumburi.
415.500.000.000.000 / 150
Wato, fiye da x5 na masu sarrafa X86 na yau da kullun masu sayarwa.
Wanne ya nuna cewa ana iya bayar da kwamfutocin sirri na ARM tare da GNU - ko Chromebooks - mafi ƙarfi - kuma mai yiwuwa mai rahusa - fiye da hanyoyin X86.
Idan na yi aiki a Valve, da tuni na fara ƙirƙirar Steam don hannu - chromebooks sun riga sun kasance - har ma ina mamakin ko zan iya yin Steam mai kyau, mai kyau da arha tare da wannan injin ɗin ko kuma mai ɗan rahusa.
GIGA 9 / TERA 12 / PETA 15 (sifili)
A zamaninsa, AMD "ta sa Intel cikin matsala mai zurfi." Transmeta da Crusoe shima kamar suna saka Intel cikin "babbar matsala." Kuma ba da dadewa ba, PowerPCs sune lemon pear kuma Intel zata ɓace (Maganar Maquero da ta canza kamar ba ta taɓa kasancewa ba lokacin da Apple ya sauya zuwa Pentium).
Kowa ya manta da cewa:
1. Intel tana da mafi kyawun tushen semiconductor a duniya.
2. Intel zata iya biyan kwararrun injiniyoyi a duniya.
3. Intel tana da lasisin ARM a cikin aljihun tebur. Duk ranar da ka ga dama da ita, zaka iya haɗawa don yin mahimmin ARMs sama da abin da ake yi yau kuma sami kuɗi da yawa. Kuma idan kuna buƙata, zaku sayi lasisin da ake buƙata.
Don haka a'a, zamu sami Intel na ɗan lokaci.
Daidai. Zuciyata ƙarama ce shuɗi ... Na zaɓi Intel.