Duk asirin matsewa a cikin GNU / Linux

Mun koma ga matsalar da ta saba wanda ya zama fa'ida ga mutane da yawa masu amfani da GNU / Linux kuma shine yawan adadin madadin ko damar da ake samu. Wannan na iya zama matsala ga mafi ƙwarewar kwarewa lokacin da rashin sanin wanne za a zaɓa, amma kamar yadda na ce, samun damar da yawa ko sassauƙa ba abu ne mara kyau ba, akasin haka. A wannan yanayin zamuyi magana akan matattarar bayanai da tsarin sarrafa abubuwa wanda ya wanzu a dandamalin da muke so don ku iya ganinsu daban kuma ba a matsayin babban rikici ba ta rashin sanin wanne ne mafi kyawu a cikin lamarinku ...

Gaskiyar ita ce cewa ba kawai kayan aiki ba kamar yadda ake amfani da su azaman kwalta wanda zamu iya ƙirƙirar kunshin da za'a iya ƙara wasu nau'in matsawa kamar yadda muka saba gani a ciki shahararrun kwando wanda mun riga mun faɗa a ciki LxA akan lokuta da yawa. Hakanan zamu sami nau'ikan bambance-bambancen na irin waɗannan marassa mahimmanci da kayan aiki na yau da kullun kamar su grep don bincika cikin fayilolin da aka matse kamar su bzfgrep, ko ma wasu kamar ƙananan da ƙari waɗanda suma suna da bambancin su don fayilolin matse kamar bzless da bzmore. Don ganin su duka dole ne muyi la'akari da fitowar umarnin nan mai zuwa:

apropos compress

Algorithms da gwaje-gwaje:

Daga cikin duka algorithms asara mara asara da ake samu a cikin Linux don damfara da decompress data muna da zaɓi da yawa. Don samun tabbacin lokacin da ake buƙata don matsawa tare da wani ko wani algorithm na matsi ko tsawon lokacin da yake ɗauka don lalata shi, ina ba ku shawarar ku yi wasu gwaje-gwaje da kanku. Kuna iya amfani da umarnin lokaci don hakan, wanda zai ba ku lokacin da aka ɗauka don matsawa da aiwatar da lalatawa. Misali, idan zakuyi amfani da kayan aikin zip don damfara fayil da ake kira gwaji:

time zip prueba.zip prueba

Wannan zai zubar da lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi, amma idan kuna son gani girman fayil ɗin da aka kirkiraKuna iya ƙoƙarin damfara wannan fayil ɗin tare da algorithms daban-daban da kayan aikin matsewa kuma da zarar kuna da dukkan fayilolin da aka matse a cikin kundin adireshi tare da umarni mai sauƙi don lissafa, bincika girman kowannensu:

ls -l

Idan kun fi so, zaku iya amfani da wasu kayan aikin don kwatanta fayilolin da aka matse, misali tare da wasu bambance-bambancen kayan aiki daban-daban:

xzdiff [opciones] fichero1 fichero2

lzdiff [opciones] fichero 1 fichero2

Idan kanaso ka ga zane-zane akan girma da kuma saurin algorithms din, zaku iya ziyarta wannan sauran mahaɗin.

Matsawa kayan aiki:

Game da kayan aikin da ake dasu muna da yawa daga cikinsu, wasu tare da zane mai zane don sababbin abubuwa kuma cewa kawai zamuyi ma'amala da GUI mai sauƙin fahimta don yin matsi da raguwa kamar PeaZip, ko 7zip, ... da dai sauransu. Musamman, na farko yana iya aiki tare da nau'ikan tsari daban-daban, musamman fiye da 180 daga cikinsu. Amma idan kun kasance ɗayan waɗanda har yanzu suke son yin aiki tare da tashar, to kuna da adadi da yawa na kayan aikin da tabbas kuka sani:

• zip da kasa kwancewa: zaɓi ne mai kyau idan abin da kake so shine fayilolin da za'a iya ɗaukar su zuwa wasu tsarukan aiki, tunda zaka sami kayan aikin da zaka yi aiki da waɗannan fayilolin akan tsarin Microsoft Windows da kuma akan macOS da ma wasu. Misali, don damfara fayil ko kuma kundin adireshi mai suna gwaji sannan kuma ya lalata shi:

zip prueba.zip prueba

unzip prueba.zip

• gzip: Zai fi kyau idan abin da kuke so shine šaukuwa tsakanin tsarin aiki na Unix / Linux. Wataƙila adadin matsewar kusan ya yi daidai da zip, mai yiwuwa ya fi kyau, amma ba za ku sami bambanci da yawa a cikin girman fayil a ƙarƙashin zip ko gzip ba. Don matsawa da raguwa tare da wannan kayan aikin zamu iya amfani da zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu dangane da lalacewa kuma sune zaɓin -do, kai tsaye ta amfani da laƙabin gunzip:

gzip prueba

gzip -d prueba.gz

gunzip prueba.gz

• bzip2: Kamar wanda ya gabata, wannan algorithm yana nan sosai a tsarin sarrafa Unix / Linux, kodayake zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci kaɗan a cikin matsi da ayyukan ɓarna fiye da na gzip. A wannan yanayin, jinkirin ba zai fassara zuwa cikin matsawa mafi girma kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin xz, tunda fayilolin da aka matse ƙarƙashin bzip2 za su mallaki kaɗan fiye da na gzip. Abin da ya sa aka ba da shawarar a guji bzip2 kuma zaɓi xz ko gzip maimakon. Kodayake komai zai dogara ne kan nau'in fayil ɗin da kuke ƙoƙarin damƙewa ... Misali:

bzip2 prueba

bzip2 -d prueba.bz2

• xz: Shine tsarin da aka fi so don girman girman fayil, saboda yana bayar da mafi kyawun ƙimar matsi, amma kuma gaskiya ne cewa zai ɗauki tsawon lokaci don kammala matsawa ko raguwa. Ya saba da na baya, don haka zaka iya samun kanka tare da tsofaffin tsoffin rudani ko tsoffin tsarin Unix wadanda basu da kayan aiki a gareta. Misalai:

xz prueba

xz -d prueba.xz

• unrar da rar: Hakanan zamu iya aiki tare da tsarin RAR a cikin Linux godiya ga waɗannan kayan aikin, kodayake ba sananne bane a yanayin * tsarin nix kamar waɗanda suka gabata ... A wannan yanayin zamu iya zaɓar:

rar a prueba.rar prueba

unrar e prueba.rar

• damfara da mara matsi: kuma kodayake ana amfani da damfara kuma ba ta da mashahuri kamar waɗanda suka gabata, ba zan so in manta da wannan kayan aikin ba. Ana amfani dashi don murƙushe fayiloli tare da ƙarin .Z kuma yana yin hakan godiya ga ingantaccen tsarin algorithm na Lempel-Ziv. Misali:

compress -v prueba

uncompress prueba.Z

Idan kanaso kayi aiki kai tsaye da kayan kwaltaHakanan zaka iya shiryawa da murza fayilolin a lokaci guda tare da cire kayan kuma rage su. A wannan yanayin zamu iya ƙaddamar da zaɓuɓɓukan nau'in algorithm don amfani kai tsaye zuwa tar. Amma da farko dai ya kamata ku sani cewa tare da zaɓi c mun ƙirƙiri kunshin kuma tare da zaɓi x mun cire shi. Misali:

tar czvf prueba.tar.gz prueba

tar xzvf prueba.tar.gz

Kamar yadda kuka gani munyi amfani da zaɓuɓɓuka zvf waɗanda suke nuna nau'in matsi algorithm z (a wannan yanayin gzip), v don yanayin magana wanda ke ba da bayani game da abin da yake yi, kuma f don nuna fayil ɗin don aiki tare ... To, idan muka canza wannan z ta wata wasika mai dacewa da wani nau'in algorithm zamu iya canza nau'in matsawa da aka sanya akan tarball:

* Tabbas duk dokokin da suka gabata suna da zabuka masu kayatarwa wadanda nake gayyatarku da su gano amfani da mutum, wasu suna da matukar mahimmanci kamar sake dawowa, da dai sauransu.

Kar a manta bar ra'ayoyin ku...