I- I-First National Congress ye-Free Software eChile, njengoba omunye umbukiso wakho ezokwazi, futhi lowo owathola ukunakwa okukhulu, wayengumongameli we FSF futhi umsunguli wephrojekthi ye-GNU, URichard Stallman. Njengoba bekungimi ngedwa ebenginaso isikhathi sokuya, ngahambela le nkulumo, ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, uStallman uyaziwa ngokunikeza inkulumo "ngempi engcwele" phakathi kwesoftware yamahhala neyokuphathelene. Kodwa-ke, yize engavumelani kangako nezinjongo zakhe, akunakwenzeka ukuyeka ukubona lo mlingiswa ovelele, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ngizohlaziya amaphuzu akhe ngamanyathelo, wona ngokwawo alungile ngandlela thile, kepha lapho ewathatha ngokweqile kuyihaba eliphelele.
Ukuziphatha nokuziphatha
Inkulumo iqale ngokuchaza kukaStallman incazelo yesoftware yamahhala efana nayo ehlonipha inkululeko yomsebenzisi, ukuzibophezela kwabo kubumbano lomphakathi emphakathini (khumbula igama elithi "social" njengoba kuzoba matasa kakhulu kule ndatshana ...)
URichard uxoxa ngamaphuzu akhe okuthile okungekho ngqiqweni uma ukubheka ngendlela engeqisi kangako, izinkululeko ezine ezidingekayo ukuze isoftware ibizwe ngokuthi "mahhala".
- Okokuqala ukuthi uhlelo kumele lusetshenziswe futhi lusetshenziswe ngendlela umuntu afisa ngayo.
- Okwesibili ukuthi ikhodi yomthombo yalolu hlelo kufanele ivumele ukutadisha nokushintsha kwayo.
- Okwesithathu ukusiza umakhelwane wakho ngokukopisha nokusabalalisa mahhala uhlelo, okuyisibopho sokuziphatha.
- Okwesine ukufaka isandla emphakathini.
Le nkululeko, njengoba kuchaza uStallman, yizinto eziseqhulwini kumsebenzisi ukuze akhululeke, aze akhombise ephindelela ukuthi kufanele abe yingxenye yamalungelo abantu.
Ngaphezu kokukhuthaza le nkululeko, igxeka isoftware ephathelene nayo, iyibize "njengegalelo elingalungile" elimaza umphakathi, lapho umuntu owabelana ngezinhlelo zakhe kanye / noma nomculo abizwa ngokuthi "ngumphangi." Uyacacisa ukuthi ubelokhu ebuzwa kaninginingi ukuthi ucabangani "ngabaphangi", futhi uphendula ngesitayela sakhe ukuthi "ukuhlasela imikhumbi kubi kakhulu" nokuthi "abaphangi abasebenzisi amakhompyutha ukuhlasela imikhumbi." Ukuthi abantu abathanda isoftware yamahhala "bademoniya" abantu abasiza abanye abantu. Ngokusho kukaStallman, uncamela ukwenza okubi okuncane uma enikezwa ithuba lokwabelana ngesoftware ephathekayo, ngoba "onjiniyela bayakufanelekela ngoba bayazenzela, ukuhlasela umphakathi", kodwa into enhle kakhulu ukugwema izingqinamba zokuziphatha ngokwenqaba isoftware ephathelene .
Ngemuva
URichard Stallman ukhuluma ngalokhu izinhlelo ezinonya ezikhona kusoftware ephathelene futhi ngezinkinga ezinkulu abazenzayo, esinye sezibonelo (ezisobala) iMicrosoft Windows, eletha i-DRM noma njengoba isho, "ozankosi bedijithali". Isebenza ngeminyango yangemuva ethandwa kakhulu e-Windows njengokushintsha izinhlelo ngokuthanda kanye nohlelo olufakelwe amaphoyisa ase-US (ukubhekwa). Ukuphikisa lokhu, uthi ukuphepha kohlelo akulutho (akukusha ...). Esinye isibonelo asinikezayo yi-Iphone (uyibiza nge- "ICROME"), ngenxa yemikhawulo yayo ekufakweni kwezicelo nasekufakweni kwezinguquko (izibuyekezo). Isibonelo sokugcina asinikezayo ngesikaKINDLE, ephikisana nokuthi sihlanganiswe ne-DRM, siqapha ukuthengwa kwezincwadi kwa-Amazon futhi silandisa ngecala lapho i-Amazon yayala ukuthi isuse amakhophi encwadi (ngo-1984).
URichard uphinde athi akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi ngabe yonke i-software yobunikazi ayilungile, ngoba awukwazi ukufunda ikhodi yomthombo, kepha uma eqinisekisa ukuthi “abathuthukisi be-software bangabantu, futhi abantu bayawenza amaphutha, ngokuzithandela noma cha nge-software ephathelene. isiboshwa kulawo maphutha ”. Kungakho inzuzo yesoftware yamahhala ukuthi uma ungayithandi ikhodi ungayithuthukisa futhi / noma uyishintshe ngokuthanda.
Umlando we-GNU
Ngeke nginabe kabanzi ngalesi sihloko, ngoba ngicabanga ukuthi cishe sonke siyayazi le ndaba, ngakho-ke ngizothinta izihloko engithole ukuthi zivelele.
UStallman uyakugcizelela lokho uqale iphrojekthi ngenxa yesidingo sohlelo olwalumahhalaNgandlela thile wabona ukuthi kwakuyinkinga “yomphakathi” nokuthi wayedinga ukwenza okuthile njengoba ezwa ukuthi uma engakwenzi, akekho omunye umuntu ozokwenza, ukuthi kungumsebenzi wakhe ukusiza (noma ukugqama?).
Uthatha isinqumo sokuthi uhlelo kufanele lufane ne-UNIX ngokuphatheka kwalo, ucabange ngokuvela kwamakhompyutha ngokuzayo.
Uyachaza ukuthi kungani iGNU, ngokusho kwakhe, kuyihlaya isifinyezo (esihlekisayo ngesikhathi sayo?), Esithi iGNU akuyona i-Unix. Futhi ukuthi ngokwesichazamazwi sesiNgisi igama elithi "g" lithule, ngakho-ke igama lizoba ngu "Nu" obekungaba okusha, okubize kakhulu umqondo wokuhlekisa kuphrojekthi njengokuthile okusha.
Usitshela ukuthi ukhetho lwe-kernel "yohlelo olusha" kwakuyi-Mach microkernel, i-GNU / HURD, kodwa leyo ngxenye yalo kwakusamele ibhalwe futhi yayingakaze ibe nozinzo ukuze isetshenziswe. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni umfundi waseFinland ngo-1991 akhiphe eyakhe i-monolithic kernel ebizwa nge- "linux", okusiletha esihlokweni esilandelayo ...
UStallman vs Torvalds
Lapha Umehluko kaLinus noRichard, nokuthambekela akwenza kuzo zonke izinkulumo zakhe, eqala ngobumnene ngokuthi ukudala i-linux kernel bekungumnikelo owodwa wephrojekthi, ukuthi ekuqaleni babenezinkinga ngelayisense (iTorvalds yakhipha i-linux enelayisense evimbela izinkampani ekusebenziseni i-kernel yabo, futhi i-FSF isekela inkululeko yanoma ngubani), okwathi kamuva kwaguqulwa kwaba yi-GPL.
Lokhu kusuka kokuncane kuye kokuningi lapho uStallman ethi akulungile ukuthi lonke udumo luya kumuntu oyedwa ngawo wonke umsebenzi (kuyiqiniso), futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, yena (uLinus) wenza i-kernel kuphela (into encane ayi ?).
Ugcizelela ukuthi uLinus Torvalds akakaze asekele ukunyakaza noma ifilosofi yesoftware yamahhala, njengoba ekhetha uhlelo olusebenza kahle, uStallman uthi uTorvalds akayhloniphi inkululeko yakhe ngokuqinisekisa lokhu nokuthi uma kungenxa yohlelo olusebenzayo uzimisele ukusebenzisa isoftware ephathelene. Enye yale mizila yeTorvalds yi-Open Source, uStallman ayiphikisayo ngokususa igama elithi Free Software, alithathe kuphela kuMthombo Ovulekile, osusa inkululeko kumsebenzisi.
Inkululeko Kuzinhlaka Zomphakathi
UStallman uqokomisa umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle okufanele uthathe uhulumeni wezenhlalakahle maqondana nesoftware. Nikeza izibonelo lapho kwamukelwa khona iSoftware yamahhala, iVenezuela ne-Ecuador. Lesi sakamuva yiso esigqame kakhulu ngokuba ngumgqugquzeli womhlaba wonke, kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi vimbela isoftware ephathelene nezinhlangano zikahulumeni (ubushiqela?), okuyinto uRichard ayamukela ngokuphelele.
Engxenyeni yebhizinisi labathuthukisi kanye nokwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi ahlobene neFree Software, uthi kungumsebenzi kahulumeni ukukhuthaza isiko lekhompyutha nge-software yamahhala, ngoba lokhu kuzodala izinkampani zentuthuko nezokweseka, ezizothuthukisa umnotho nemakethe yamahhala. . Ukukhuthaza lokhu kwezemfundo kubalulekile, ngoba kunezizathu zomnotho kuphela zokwenza okuhle okuncane, ngoba izikole zikahulumeni azinazo izinsizakusebenza eziningi ngisho nasezweni elithuthuke kakhulu.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, ihlasela iMicrosoft ngeqiniso "lokunikeza" amalayisense eWindows ezikoleni zomphakathi, ngoba bawasebenzisela ukuphoqa uhlelo lwabo ngokwakha ukuncika kubafundi. Kufika ezingeni lokuqhathanisa la malayisense "namabhamuza ezidakamizwa."
Ekuphetheni, yize amaphuzu amaningi akhulunywa nguStallman ezingxoxweni zakhe zonke ephindaphindeka kakhulu (sengike ngaya ezinkulumweni ezimbili futhi isihloko cishe siyafana), kunesizathu esiningi ezingxoxweni zakhe, okubi into ukuyithatha ibe ngokweqile yokuba ngumuntu osekela izinto ngokuqinile, okufanisa lokhu "nempi engcwele." Ezindimeni eziningana ngemuva kokusho izinto "ngokweqile" wazama ukukhulula umoya ngehlaya, ngakho-ke ngingasho ukuthi ukube uRichard Stallman wayengeyena umdidiyeli wezinhlelo wayezoba ngusomahlaya, ukwenza kahle kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa noma kunjalo ngisacabanga ukuthi uyiTaliban ...
ukubuyekeza okuhle
Kuhlala njalo kufana "neZulu nesihogo", "uNkulunkulu noDeveli" ... futhi phakathi nendawo sigijimela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye.
Le nto yokubhalansa iyasibulala.
Indatshana enhle kakhulu +10
Ukubingelela
UStallman uyimpikiswano enkulu, ngokubona kwami unikele kakhulu embonini ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, kepha lowo mbono wokubona umhlaba engiwubheki njengofanele, ngabe abanye benu banakho konke okukukhompyutha yakho kwisoftware yamahhala? kakhulu, bambalwa kakhulu.
Isoftware yamahhala nomnikazi kufanele baqhubeke nokuba khona, impilo ende yabo bobabili.
Ngaphandle kwalokho okushiwo u-Andres, okusemthethweni ngokuphelele, ngiyehluka enkululekweni ezwakaliswa nguStallman enkululekweni engiyikholelwayo, wonke umuntu ukhululekile ukuzikhethela akufunayo, noma ngabe kuyisoftware yamahhala noma eyimfihlo. Manje siphoqeleleni? lokho kungenye into, maqondana namahlaya, bengicabanga ukuthi kuhle kakhulu, bengifuna ukuyihlenga. Futhi akunakuphikwa ukuthi izihloko okuxoxwe ngazo ziyefana, futhi ezigabeni eziningana uma yena ngokwakhe athi kukhona indlela yokulungile kanye nendlela yobubi (nehlaya likaBush lifakiwe…). Abantu abanjengoStallman bengeza ukunambitheka okwengeziwe emhlabeni ngakho angiphikisi nakancane noma ngigxeke indlela yabo yokucabanga, wonke umuntu ukhululekile ukulandela lowo amthandayo.
nomklomelo omangazayo ?? XD
@psep: Kufanele ngikhulume ngayo nawe oh yebo, ngithumele ikheli lakho ngaphakathi: P
Ngihambele inkulumo yakhe ngayithola igxile futhi iyajabulisa. Angizwanga ngamalangabi omlilo noma ngezimpi ezingcwele. Futhi angizange ngimthole ngokweqile noma uTaliban.
Ucele abantu ukuthi bangadidanisi phakathi kwemibono yomuntu kaTorvalds kanye nemigomo yeFSF. Ucele abantu ukuthi bangadeleli umsebenzi we-FSF ngephrojekthi ye-GNU-Linux.
Kukhumbuze abantu ngalokho okuchazwa yi-FSF ngokuthi yi-SL.
Ukugxeka kwabo kwakususelwa emacaleni angempela, angaqinisekiswa kanye nezibonelo eziwulwazi lomphakathi.
Uncome izwe lase-Ecuador ngokwakha inqubomgomo nohlelo lokulawula oluhleliwe lohlelo lwamakhompiyutha lwezinto ezisetshenziswa umphakathi. Okuthile okubizwa ngokuthi yisimanjemanje kombuso. Kwamanye amazwe kulawula ukuphazamiseka futhi akukho ngisho imininingwane ehambisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-US iphoqa izinkampani zayo ukuthi zithumele ekuvinjelweni emazweni wobusoshiyali, ngakho-ke lezi zenzo azihlangene nobushiqela.
Vele ungeze ukuthi engikubonile bekungumuntu omuhle, ohlakaniphile futhi onamahlaya amahle.
I-Psep: Hhayi-ke, angiboni ukuthi wena noMnu.Stalman nihluke kanjani ngaleso sikhathi, ngoba lokhu le ndoda ekugcizelele kokuningi kuyiyona nkululeko yomsebenzisi. Lokhu ukuphindile kaningi enkulumweni futhi ngicabanga ukuthi ukugqamisile ngoba bekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu emyalezweni wakhe ... Leyo nto embi noma ehlanekezelwe bekungeyona isihloko senkulumo yakhe.
U-Andrés: Kunenkululeko eyisisekelo kunaleyo eqanjwe nguStallman, inkululeko yokukhetha iSoftware ekufanele kakhulu, umthombo ovulekile ungifanela, ophethe lapho, isoftware yamahhala lapha. Wonke umuntu ukhululekile ukwenza lokho akufunayo, kepha akuyona inkululeko yokuzama ukufaka umcabango, ngokwesibonelo, ukwenqabela isoftware ephathekayo, wephula inkululeko yezimakethe futhi ngenxa yalokho yabathengi balokhu ...
Futhi kungaba yini? XD
Psep: Lokho kwemakethe yamahhala wakusho futhi enkulumweni yakhe futhi wavuma nokuthi kwakuyilungelo lakho ukukwazi ukukhetha izinsizakalo kanye nomhlinzeki owafunayo. Ngokusho kwakhe, i-SL inqamula amandla okuzimela ukuze isebenzise inkululeko yomsebenzisi.
Ukubuyela esibonelweni se-Ecuador (okubonakala kuyiphuzu eliyimpikiswano, kepha isifinyezo esishicilelwe lapha asiphelele) UStallman uthe kwakuyimodeli ekahle lapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-SL kwaba nelungelo lesikhulumi sekhompyutha sikaHulumeni (hhayi imakethe, kodwa State) nalapho i-software yobunikazi ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kepha ngezizathu ezicacile zobuchwepheshe. Futhi wathi uvumelana nalokho. Futhi wakuthatha njengesinyathelo esihle ngoba izikhungo zoMbuso zazingenaso isibopho kubo njengezinkampani, kepha zazinemisebenzi eyenzelwe izakhamizi ngaphezu komsebenzi wokuvikela ubukhosi bezwe.
Ekugcineni, lemiqondo akuyona into entsha. Angikuboni okuphazamisayo. Engingakubheka njengokwasekuqaleni iqiniso lokuthi uStallman usungula inkululeko yomsebenzisi njengezepolitiki futhi engenakunqotshwa ngokwemvelo (yingakho ukuphawula kwakhe ukuthi kufanele babe yingxenye yamalungelo abantu) hhayi njengoba manje kulungiselelwe ukusebenzisa amalayisense asungulwe yinkampani ngayinye.
Angifuni ukuzwakala njengomuntu obulala abantu ngokukhululeka, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi imibono eminingi noma ukugxeka kungasuswa ukube izinkulumo zalo Mnu. Stallman bezizobhalwa ngokuphelele. Uma ngingahle ngigxeke le ndatshana, ngicabanga ukuthi isifinyezo asigcini nje ngokungapheleli, kepha sivele silinganise kancane. Ngiyakuqonda ukuthi ividiyo yengqungquthela enikezwe eChile iyatholakala kusayithi le-GNUChile.
Andrés, mmm zingaki izingxoxo zeRMS osuke waya kuzo ??? Wonke umuntu unombono wakhe, kepha engikushoyo lapha akukusha, kushiwo okufanayo kuyo yonke indawo, kuyindaba yokuhamba kancane ngoStallman, nami ngokwami ngabelana ngemibono yakhe eminingi, kodwa futhi ngiyahlukahluka kokuningi, Ukuthi yingakho nginike umbono wami, futhi njengoba ushilo kahle, kukhona ividiyo futhi kukhona nomsindo wenkulumo, wonke umuntu oyilalelayo / ayibonayo bese enza iziphetho zakhe. Ngalezi ziyizinkulumo ezintathu ezivela ku-RMS.
Ukulandisa kwakho kusha kakhulu futhi ubhale i-athikili enhle.
Yigcine Psep.
Ukushisekela kukaStallman kuyadingeka. Ingabe kulimaza intshisekelo evamile? Angicabangi, kunalokho kuyamzuzisa. Uma intuthuko yinhle, kungcono ukuyihlanganyela, ukuze abanye bathole nethuba lokuyenza kangcono kakhulu.
Ngeshwa, lo mhlaba ucishe uqhutshwe yizintshisekelo zangasese, intshisekelo ejwayelekile ayinandaba, konke ukuncintisana nokuvelela. Uma inkampani ifuna ukusebenzisa amalayisense avumela ukuvalwa kwekhodi, bayivumele bakwenze, banayo yini imingcele? Ngabe i-FSF iyisistimu yokubuza imibuzo enezindlela zokulawula lolu hlobo lwelayisense?
Vele kulula kakhulu ukuvala ikhodi yentuthuko ukuminyanisa ngokwezomnotho abasebenzisi bayo. Futhi uma, ngasendleleni, ungangena ngesinyenyela ezintweni ezibeka engcupheni ubumfihlo bakho ukuze kuzuze inkampani, zikhululeke kakhudlwana.
Njengoba kusekelwa leli sekisi esiphila kulo, izinkampani eziningi ze-IT zigxila kulokhu: sizothuthukisa okuthile okungadlula, okuhlangabezana nokuncane okulindelwe amakhasimende ethu futhi okusivumela ukuthi sigcine noma sandise inzuzo.
Okudabukisayo ukuthi akwenzeki kuphela kwikhompyutha. Futhi kwezempilo, izindlu, ezezimali, ukudla. Iningi labantu emhlabeni lihlala ezimeni ezingezona ezomuntu noma lifa ngenxa yaleli filosofi lempilo. Ngenkathi abanye bephila ngejubane eligcwele noma siphila ngokunethezeka okuthile, empeleni okulahlekisela ukuhlupheka kweningi. Sinamahloni!
Ukubuyela kwikhompyutha, ngicabanga ukuthi into enhle kunazo zonke, ukuze kuzuze bonke, kungaba ukusebenzisa imodeli ye-GPL. Kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esifushane noma esimaphakathi kube yi-jam (izinguquko bezinganethezeki), kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzoba okungcono kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kunyamalala amalayisense wobunini kanye nezindawo zokubusa wedwa (okungeke kwenzeke). Ake sithi sithole ithuba lokuthatha isinyathelo sokubuyela emuva ukubona ukuthi iyiphi indlela okufanele sihambe ngayo futhi sigijime. Inkinga ukuthi kukhona udonga oluqinile olubekwe phambi kwethu futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukulunqoba: izintshisekelo zomnotho zenhlokodolobha enkulu.
Madoda, niyazi, yabelani noma nisebenzise inzalo, lona ngumbuzo ...
"Lesi sakamuva yiso esigqame kakhulu ngokuba ngumgqugquzeli womhlaba, kuze kube seqophelweni lokuvimbela isoftware ephathelene nezinhlangano zikahulumeni (ubushiqela?), Okuyinto evunywa nguRichard ngokuphelele."
Ngicabanga ukuthi udida ubushiqela ngesilinganiso sokuphatha sesikhungo esifana nombuso. Isinyathelo sobushiqela kungaba ukuphoqa izakhamizi, ezinhlakeni zazo ezizimele, ukuthi zisebenzise isoftware yamahhala. Uma ufuna ukubona abavikeli besoftware yamahhala njengobushiqela abangabekezelelani, uzobabona, udinga kuphela ukucacisa imiqondo yakho yezepolitiki kancane ukuze ubone ukuthi akunjalo; kepha hheyi, ngamunye unebandlululo.
Kujabulisa uStallman :)
Umlando ugcwele abalingiswa ababalulekile ekuqaleni ababebizwa njengabahlanyayo, amaphekula, izihlubuki.
(Colon, Galileo, Da Vinci, Bolivar, njll, njll, njll)
Kimina uStallman ungumboni onjengoHugo Chavez.
Umlando uzoba yijaji lakho.
I-Psep: Kuyiqiniso ukuthi kunenkululeko yokuzikhethela, kepha kuyaphela lapho kufanele ukhethe phakathi kokuhle nokungenjalo. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi abaningi bethu bayavuma ukuthi isoftware yobunikazi ayisihle ngezindlela eziningi.
Izinto ezingalungile kumele ziqedwe, zingakhazinyuliswa.
Okungenani leso yisikhundla sami.
PS: Ukubhala okuhle ngiyakuhalalisela.
ngicabanga ukuthi iMicrosoft incamela iwindows egqekeziwe kwi-linux efakiwe