Iyini i-Linux futhi ingeyani?

Kulesi sihloko sizophendula ngendlela ecacile nelula emibuzweni yalabo abafuna ukuqalisa emhlabeni weLinux noma bazi nje ukuthi imayelana nani.

Sizofaka, phakathi kokunye, le mibuzo elandelayo: yiziphi izici ze-Linux, ungazama kanjani, yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okukhona, ukuthi uzilanda kanjani, nokunye okuningi.

Yini iLinux?

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi i-Linux iyini, kufanele siqale sichaze umqondo wesistimu yokusebenza. Isistimu yokusebenza isofthiwe elawula zonke izinsiza zehadiwe ezihlobene nedivayisi njengekhompyutha, idivayisi yeselula, noma ithebhulethi. Kafushane nje, isistimu yokusebenza ilawula ukuxhumana phakathi kwesofthiwe yakho nehadiwe yakho.

Izingxenye zayo yilezi:

• Umphathi webhuthi: Uhlelo lwekhompyutha oluqala ikhompuyutha.
• Uhlamvu: I-kernel (nucleus) isebenza njengesixhumanisi phakathi kwezinsiza ze-hardware nezinqubo ezahlukene zesistimu yokusebenza, iqinisekisa ukwabiwa kwezinsiza ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu.
• Qala uhlelo: Inqubo yokuqalisa iyinqubo yokuqala eyenziwa i-kernel ngesikhathi sokuqalisa. Futhi iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kuze kube yilapho isistimu ivaliwe. Iphethe ukuqalisa zonke ezinye izinqubo ezifana nama-daemon, amasevisi nezinye izinqubo zangemuva.
• Ngilahlekile: Lawa amasevisi angemuva (ukuphrinta, uxhumano lwenethiwekhi, ukudlala umsindo, njll.) aqala ngesikhathi sokuqalisa noma ngemva kokungena kudeskithophu. Zisetshenziswa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene ukwenza imisebenzi evamile.
• iseva yesithombe: Lena isistimu engaphansi enesibopho sokunikezela ngezithombe kusiqapha.
• Imvelo yedeskithophu: Lena ingxenye abasebenzisi abasebenzisana nayo. Indawo ngayinye yedeskithophu ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezakhelwe ngaphakathi (njengabaphathi bamafayela, amathuluzi okumisa, iziphequluli zewebhu, nemidlalo).

I-Linux iyisistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile. Lokho kusho ukuthi ingasatshalaliswa futhi ilungiswe ngaphandle kwemikhawulo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Linux ne-GNU/Linux?

Ngobuchwepheshe, i-Linux yigama nje le-kernel.. Amathuluzi amaningi ewasebenzisayo ukuze abe isistimu yokusebenza athuthukiswe iphrojekthi ye-GNU. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu abaningi emphakathini bacabanga ukuthi kufanele kufakwe kulokhu kushiwo.

Yenzelweni i-Linux?

Ukusabalalisa okuhlukile kwe-Linux (Bheka incazelo esigabeni esilandelayo) zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zabasebenzisi bekhompyutha. Kukhona okunye okuhloselwe abasebenzisi basekhaya, okunye kugxile ezinhlosweni ezithile ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwe-multimedia noma ucwaningo lwesayensi, kanti ezinye ezihloselwe imakethe yebhizinisi.

Ngamanye amazwi, ngokukhetha ukusatshalaliswa okufanele, ungenza okufanayo nge-Linux njengamasistimu okusebenza akhokhelwayo.

Kuyini ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux?

Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux iyinhlanganisela ye-Linux kernel, i-bootloader, ama-daemons ahlukahlukene, iseva yesithombe, ideskithophu kanye nochungechunge lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethiwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zohlobo oluthile lomsebenzisi.

Ezinye izibonelo zokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux:

• Ubuntu: Idume kakhulu kokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux, ngakho-ke iyona enezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo.
• I-Linux Mint: ukusatshalaliswa okufanele ukuze uqalise emhlabeni we-Linux njengoba kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa ngenxa yokusebenziseka kwayo okunembile.
• Fedora: Iyisisekelo se-Red Hat Enterprise Linux, ngakho-ke iyanconywa kulabo abafuna ukufunda i-Linux ngokomsebenzi.
• I-ArchLinux: Kulabo abafuna ukulungisa yonke into ngendlela abathanda ngayo, lokhu kusabalalisa kunesifundo sokufaka esiphelele.

Ibiza malini i-Linux?

Ukusabalalisa okuningi kwe-Linux kungalandwa mahhala ku-inthanethi. Angatholakala futhi ngokuthenga ikhophi yomagazini bekhompyutha noma njengesipho esivela eqenjini labasebenzisi bendawo.

Kunabanye abaqondiswe emphakathini jikelele abacela umnikelo ngokuthanda kwabo ngaphambi kokulanda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye zalezo ezihloselwe umkhakha wezinkampani zidinga ukukhokhwa kwelayisensi enikeza ilungelo lokuthola ukwesekwa kochwepheshe.

Ingabe ngidinga okokusebenza okukhethekile ukuze ngisebenzise i-Linux?

Nakuba eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuhlinzekwa kwamakhompyutha ane-Linux kukhule kakhulu, asikho isidingo sokuthenga hardware ekhethekile. Noma kunjalo, kuhle ukuhlola ukuhambisana njengoba ezinye izingxenye ezifana namakhadi evidiyo athile zingase zingasebenzi kahle.

Njengoba izidingo ze-hardware ziphansi, kungenzeka ukwandisa impilo yamakhompyutha amadala ngokufaka i-Linux kuwo.

Ngingayihlola kanjani i-Linux?

Kungenzeka ukuzama i-Linux ngezindlela ezimbili: ukuyifaka noma ngaphandle kokuyifaka. Ukufakwa kungenziwa kudrayivu enkulu eduze noma esikhundleni sesistimu yokusebenza yamanje. Futhi, ungasebenzisa idiski yangaphandle noma idrayivu yepeni inqobo nje uma inesikhala esanele.

Enye indlela ukusetshenziswa kweklayenti lomshini obonakalayo. Lolu wuhlelo olukuvumela ukuthi ulingise ikhompuyutha lapho ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux kungafakwa khona.

Ukuhlolwa ngaphandle kokufaka kungenxa yalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "imodi ebukhoma". Kumodi ebukhoma, yonke into edingekayo ekusebenzeni kohlelo lokusebenza ilayishwa ku-RAM isikhathi ngasinye lapho uhlelo luqalwa. Ngokuvamile, ukuguqulwa okwenziwe akulondoloziwe, nakuba kungenzeka ukuguqula lokhu.

Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zami?

Impendulo ithi kuncike ohlelweni. Ezinye, njengesiphequluli se-Google Chrome, zinezinguqulo ze-Linux. Abanye abafana ne-Microsoft Office banenguqulo yefu enezici eziningi zenguqulo yedeskithophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amathuluzi asebenza njengabatoliki phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows kanye nokusabalalisa kwe-Linux, nakuba kungasebenzi ku-100% yamacala.

Noma kunjalo, Kungenzeka ukufaka iWindows ne-Linux ku-hard drive efanayo.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlelo ze-Linux?

Yebo. Kunenombolo enkulu yazo zombili izinhlelo zamahhala nezikhokhelwayo.

Ukusabalalisa ngakunye kunohlelo oluphethe ukuthola, ukulanda nokufaka izinhlelo. Eqinisweni, izitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zakhuthazwa yi-Linux. Izinhlelo zilandwa kumaqoqo ephakheji aziwa ngokuthi amakhosombe.. Amakhosombe agcinwa yilabo abanomthwalo wokusatshalaliswa ngakunye noma umphakathi okusekelayo. Kukhona futhi amakhosombe ajwayelekile kukho konke ukusatshalaliswa.

Kungenzeka, nakuba kunganconywa, ukufaka izinhlelo ngesandla.

Ungakwazi yini ukudlala nge-Linux?

Njengombuzo wezinhlelo, Impendulo ithi kuya ngokuthi yimiphi imidlalo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke sibe nokufinyelela ezihlokweni zakamuva ngesikhathi esifanayo nezinkundla ezidume kakhulu. Nokho, kungenzeka ukudlala izihloko zakudala. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uhlu lwemidlalo ye-Linux yomdabu luyaqhubeka nokukhula.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Imidlalo emi-5 emangalisayo neyamahhala yeLinux

Ungakutholaphi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux?

Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, kungcono ukulanda ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux kuwebhusayithi yayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi sinenguqulo yamanje kakhulu. Okunye okukhethwa kukho omagazini bekhompyutha noma amaqembu abasebenzisi endawo. Izingosi zokulanda isoftware kufanele zigwenywe.

Amanye amasayithi athembekile lapho ulanda khona ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux yilawa:

Ukuphawula

Lesi sizinda somakadebona igcina ulwazi lwakamuva mayelana nokukhishwa kwezinguqulo ezintsha zokusabalalisa okuhlukile kwe-Linux enezixhumanisi zamakhasi asemthethweni. Ibuye ibe nenjini yokusesha ephelele enezinketho ezahlukene ukuze uthole elungile.

Okungafanele ukunake kakhulu izinga labo lokusabalalisa njengoba kusekelwe kuphela kudatha yabo ekhohliswa kalula.

I-FOSS Torrents

Lapha singathola izixhumanisi zokulanda ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux sisebenzisa i-Bittorrent. Enye iwebhusayithi okufanele uyibheke lapho ufuna ukuthola ukusatshalaliswa.

Ukufaka kanjani ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux?

Ukufaka i-Linux kukhompuyutha kudinga lokho okubizwa ngesithombe. Lona akuwona umfanekiso kodwa ikhophi yamafayela atholakala kuseva yokusabalalisa. Ngohlelo oluthile, leso sithombe sirekhodwa endaweni yokufaka (cedé, devedé, pendrive noma imemori khadi).

Kungenzeka ukuqhubeka nokufaka ngaphandle kokuba noxhumano lwe-inthanethi njengoba i-medium yokufaka ngokuvamile inezinhlelo ezidingekayo. Kodwa, ngeke uthole izinguqulo zakamuva zezinhlelo.

Uma ukurekhoda sekuqediwe, sidinga ukuqalisa kabusha ikhompuyutha futhi sikusethe ukuthi iqale kumidiya yokufaka. Njengoba lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-motherboard, kulula ukusebenzisa injini yokusesha ukwazi ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani.

Ukusabalalisa okuningi kwe-Linux kunesifaki sokuqhafaza esicishe senze inqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo.. Kufanele sikhethe kuphela ulimi, isakhiwo sekhibhodi, igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi. Futhi uma uhlelo olusha lokusebenza luzofakwa eduze kwalolu lwamanje noma luzoyishintsha.

Into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule lapho ufaka i-Linux eceleni kweWindows yilokho IWindows ihlale ifakiwe kuqala. Uma kungenjalo ngeke kwenzeke ukufinyelela i-Linux. Sikhona isixazululo, kodwa, sinzima kancane.

Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokufakwa kwe-Linux, Kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi iWindows ayinazo izibuyekezo ezilindile. Uma kungenjalo, isifaki singase singasiboni futhi singase singabonisi inketho yokufaka okwabelwana ngayo.