Siyakwamukela: Amathiphu Aphezulu Abafikayo beLinux

Uma ngenxa yezizathu zomsebenzi, noma ngokuzikhethela komuntu siqu, ufike ku-linux, sizokunikeza amathiphu namasu okuzivumelanisa nokusatshalaliswa futhi sizoncoma ukuthi iyiphi i-distro ongayikhetha kuye ngokuthi uvela kusiphi isistimu yokusebenza. Sizohlaziya izinguquko ezifanele kakhulu ozohlangabezana nazo futhi sizokukhombisa ukujwayela okungcono.

Njengoba zikhona ubuningi bezinhlelo zokusebenza, sizokwelapha ezintathu kuphela. Okusakazeke kakhulu yiWindows ngakho-ke izeluleko eziningi zizobhekiswa kubasebenzisi abavela kulolo hlelo lokusebenza. Sizophinda sinikeze ngemininingwane yabasebenzisi beMac OS X futhi enye kulabo abavela emhlabeni we-BSD (ikakhulukazi iFreeBSD).

Kusele kimi ukuthi ngikwamukele futhi ngithemba ukuthi le ndatshana izosiza kakhulu kubo bonke "abancane" abaseLinux, futhi ngifisa ukuba ube "omkhulu". Nawa lawo mathiphu...

Amathiphu wabasebenzisi beMicrosoft Windows:

Okokuqala hlu ukwabiwa okufanele kakhulu kubasebenzisi beWindows, yize lokhu kungukuncoma kuphela, ngoba ungakhetha okunye. Kepha kukhona ezinye ezilula ezifana I-Zorin OS, enendawo efana neWindows lapho uzozizwa ukhululekile khona. Noma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okunemvelo yedeskithophu ye-LXLE nakho kunganconywa, njengeLubuntu, ngoba le desktop nayo ifana neyeWindows.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ungasebenzisa abanye abafana Ubuntu noma i-Linux Deepin esikhulume kakhulu ngayo kule bhulogi muva nje. Kepha futhi ngizokweluleka ngeLinux Mint, elula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ezokwenza impilo yakho ibe lula kakhulu.

Ngingancoma nokuthi ufunde indatshana yethu ngezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa izinhlelo zeWindows, lapho i- izinhlelo okuthandwa kakhulu abasebenzisi be-Microsoft operating system abangayisebenzisa futhi kunikezwe ezinye izindlela eziningi ukuze ungabaphuthelwa ku-Linux. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uneWine, i-PlayOnLinux namanye amaphrojekthi avumela ukusebenzisa i-Windows native software ku-Linux.

Sivele saqala ngokuhlanya okuthile angithi? Yini leyo ukwabiwa? Hhayi-ke, zimane nje zilungiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-GNU / Linux kuko konke ukuthanda. Kuningi, okuningi, ngokunambitha kwami ​​kukhulu kakhulu, kepha kwabanye lokhu kuyinzuzo ngoba ungakhetha "ukunambitheka" kwakho okuhle kakhulu. Kufana ne-Audi, isibonelo, yize umkhiqizi wenjini efanayo, i-chassis iyahluka ku-A3, A6, Q7, ...

Hhayi-ke, lapho nje lesi sithiyo sokuqala sesinqotshiwe, ukusho ukuthi ezinhlelweni ezisebenza njenge-Unix (ngaphandle kweMac OS X), njengeLinux, ukuncika ikhonsoli kukhulu kune-Windows, ngakho-ke ukusebenzisa imiyalo kumodi yombhalo kucishe kubaluleke, yize izixhumi zesimanje zokuqhafaza kanye nokukhululeka manje okuhlinzekwa yizikhungo zesoftware zokwabiwa, kukuvumela ukuthi wenze noma yini noma ufake izinhlelo ngokuchofoza okukodwa nje. .

Ngingancoma nokuthi uqale ngokulanda ifayela le- I-LiveCD noma i-LiveDVD noma i-LiveUSB, okuyizithombe zama-distros ongazilanda futhi ungazama ngaphambi kokuzifaka kukhompyutha yakho. Uvele ushise isithombe kudiski, usifake, uqale ikhompyutha yakho futhi usisebenzise ngokujwayelekile. Uma uyayithanda, ungayifaka.

1. Ukuzwela kwamacala: ku-Windows NT naku-DOS, akukho "censitivity", okungukuthi, azizweli kakhulu. Lokhu kukhona ku-Unix futhi kufanele siqaphele lapho sisebenzisa i-command console bese sibhala amagama ngokufanele ngokuhlonipha icala eliphezulu neliphansi noma kungenjalo kuzosinika izinkinga. Isibonelo, ku-Windows kuzoba ifolda efanayo "Izithombe zami" njenge "izithombe zami", kepha ku-Linux ungaba nawo womabili amagama futhi ibizobaphatha njengabahlukile.
2. Ukuchofoza okukodwa: Uma usebenzisa imvelo yedeskithophu ye-KDE, noma ingalungiswa kuzinketho zegundane ukuyivumelanisa nabasebenzisi beWindows, uzobona ukuthi izinqamuleli zedeskithophu zivuleka ngokuchofoza okukodwa futhi uma uzichofoza kabili njengoba wenza kuWindows, wena uzovula uhlelo noma ifayela kabili ...
3. Amafayela nezinkomba vs Amafayela namafolda: ngolimi lwe-nix, kuvame kakhulu ukusebenzisa lesi silulumagama. Okwe-Linux ifolda isiqondisi futhi ifayela liyifayela. Kuyisilima, kepha kungaholela ekudidekeni phakathi kokusha kakhulu.
4. Umsebenzisi nezimpande: Ku-Windows ujwayele ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabasebenzisi abajwayelekile nomphathi, ngoba ku-Linux, okulingana nomphathi kubizwa ngokuthi yi-super user noma impande.
5. Ku-Linux unga: Yinkulumo ezophindaphindwa kaningi, ngoba iLinux inamandla kakhulu futhi iyaguquguquka ezintweni eziningi. Kuyindawo engalungiswa kakhulu ekuvumela ukuthi wenze izinto eziningi kuneWindows. Isibonelo ukuthi ku-Windows awukwazi ukuguqula ifayela ngenkathi livulwa ngohlelo, ngoba likuphonsela umyalezo wephutha "Ifayela liyasetshenziswa". Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuLinux ungayiguqula ngasikhathi sinye ngaphandle kwenkinga, ngoba izinqubo aziwaduni amafayela.
6. Izinganekwane ezingamanga: Ayikho isoftware nabashayeli beLinux, lokho kungamanga kakhulu futhi kuya ngokwanda. Kukhona isoftware eyandayo nabashayeli abaningi. I-Linux yamukela i-hardware eningi, ngeke ube nankinga ngayo futhi maqondana nezinye izindlela zesoftware ziningi, kwesinye isikhathi kunezinguqulo zohlelo olufanayo lwamapulatifomu amaningana. Isibonelo, iFirefox neChannel nayo ingatholwa ngeLinux, awudingi ngisho nokufuna ezinye izindlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imidlalo yamavidiyo iyimakethe ekhulayo, besivele sisho ukuthi, kunemidlalo yamavidiyo engcono futhi engcono yeLinux, inyuke ngamanani angalindelekile.
7. Amafomethi nezandiso: izandiso eziningi noma amafomethi wefayela akhiqizwe yizinhlelo zeWindows ahambisana ngokuphelele nezinhlelo zeLinux, isibonelo, amadokhumende eHhovisi (.docx, .ppt, .xlsx,…) angavulwa futhi aguqulwe yiLibreOffice neOpenOffice. Futhi-ke abanye bathanda .mp3, .mp4, .pdf, .txt, njll.
8. Ku-Unix / Linux konke kuyifayela: Ku-Windows uzosetshenziselwa ukubona amadrayivu (C:, D:, A:,…) namadivayisi. Yebo, ku-Linux konke kuyifayela, ngakho-ke i-hard disk iyi / dev / sda noma i-optical reader iyi / dev / cdrom, njll. Yonke i-hardware imelwe futhi iphathwe njengefayela, lokhu yize kubonakala kungenakwenzeka kunezinzuzo eziningi.
9. Kumahhala futhi kumahhala: olunye lwezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ozozibona ukuthi cishe zonke izinhlelo zikhululekile futhi zimahhala. Ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ubakhokhele noma ubangenele njengoba kwenzeka ezimweni eziningi ezinhlelweni zeWindows. Kuyinzuzo ecacile ekuvumela ukuthi wonge imali eningi futhi ube nesoftware eningi ngendlela ofuna ngayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngisho nohlelo lokusebenza lumahhala futhi lukhululekile ...

Amathiphu wabasebenzisi bezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza (Mac OS X neFreeBSD):

Yebo, into yokuqala ongayincoma ukuthi yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okungakufanelekela kahle. Kubasebenzisi beMac OS X ungahle ukhululeke nge-desktop Ubuntu Ubunye, njengoba inokufana okuthile nemvelo ye-Mac OS X ngokwamawindi. Isibonelo, awudingi ukujwayela ukuvala / ukukhulisa / ukunciphisa amawindi kusuka kolunye uhlangothi, inebha engenhla efana nebha yemenyu futhi isiqalisi siyafana ne-Dock, kuphela esikhundleni sokuba phansi ngakwesokudla.

Kukhona namanye ama-distros abukeka afana ne-OS X, njenge I-OS Elementary, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okususelwa ku-Ubuntu lapho imvelo yabo iguqulwe khona ukuze ukufana nohlelo lwe-Apple kuphelele.

Enye i-distro enjalo I-Linux NjengeMac OS X (Mint OS X), ngokususelwa kuLinux Mint futhi lokho kuhlose ukulingisa okubonakalayo kweMac futhi iqiniso ukuthi lapho uthi shazi zibukeka njengamaconsi amabili amanzi.

Esikhundleni salokho, uma uvela I-FreeBSD noma iyiphi enye i-BSD, kufanele ube yindoda elukhuni kulokhu ... ukuze uqale ngokusatshalaliswa kweLinux ngaphandle kwenkinga. Kepha mhlawumbe ukhululeke kakhudlwana ngeGentoo nomphathi wayo wephakeji lePortage, ngokufana okuthile neBorts Ports futhi iyahambisana nePOSIX, empeleni iPortage nayo isetshenziswa yiFreeBSD. Futhi uma ufuna ukusebenza, ungaya ku-Arch Linux, elungiselelwe maqondana nalokhu.

Ngingathanda ukufaka okuthile uma kungenzeka kube khona umsebenzisi we Solaris Ukubona lokhu, yisho ukuthi kwiLinux uzozizwa ukhululekile maqondana nokwesekwa kwehadiwe, ukuphakama kunalokho okusekelwa yiSolaris (bona Uhlu Lokuhambisana kwe-Hardware Hardware). Futhi isincomo esisebenzayo ukufaka sh njengegobolondo elizenzakalelayo, ngoba iningi le-Linux distros lisebenzisa i-bash. Lokhu kuzobenza bazizwe besekhaya, yize ngabe ubusebenzisa i-bash ku-Solaris, iseluleko asisebenzi, ngoba uzobe usujwayele.

para faka izinhlelo kuma-Debian nakokuphuma kokunye, ungasebenzisa i- "apt-get", efana kakhulu ne- "pkg-get" esetshenziswe ku-BSD naseSolaris. Futhi yisho ukuthi kwi-Mac OS X naku-BSD lapho usebenzisa ikhonsoli, "ukufaka i-port" kusetshenziselwa ukufaka, kepha kuyefana, kufanele ujwayele i-syntax.

Enye itimu empunga yilezi ukwahlukaniswaNgincoma ukuthi abasebenzisi beWindows babheke amabhukwana uma bezoyifaka kanye nokwahlukanisa ngohlelo lweMicrosoft noma bashiye labo abakweluleka ngokwakhona ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Kepha kubasebenzisi abathuthuke kakhulu abavela kwaSolaris noma amanye ama-Unix, bakutshele ukuthi ukukhishwa kokwahlukanisa kudala ukungabaza okuthile.

I-Solaris ne-BSD, kanye nezinye * izinhlelo ze-nix zisebenzisa amafayela "ucezu", Isibonelo / njll / passwd kungaba ku- / a / etc / passwd, lapho / a" ucezu ". Lezi "tincetu" azikho ku-Linux futhi uzothola izinkomba noma amafayela endaweni eyodwa noma ukwahlukaniswa kwe-hard disk, ngaphandle kwezihlukanisi. Okuthile ngokunambitheka kwami ​​kulula futhi kulula. Isibonelo, okuqukethwe kocezu a, b, no-c kuzoba ku-Linux ngaphakathi kokwahlukanisa okufanayo (imvamisa, noma kungaguqulwa).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezo ze-BSD neFreeBSD kumele zikujwayele lokho umkhombandlela wekhaya ihlala / ekhaya hhayi / usr / ekhaya njenge-BSD. Okuthile okufana nokwenzeka nge / usr / local / etc okuku-Linux kumane / njll.

Ngaphandle "Toor", enye indlela eya "empandeni" I-Unix ne-BSD ayikho ku-Linux. Kepha kukhona inketho yebhuthi ebizwa ngokuthi "Imodi Yomsebenzisi Owodwa" enokufana ne- "toor". Ngalo mqondo, icishe ifane neLinux kune-OS X, ngoba inendlela efanayo nawo amaMacs ahlanganisiwe.

Kepha izindawo zedeskithophu, Sengivele ngiphawule ukuthi kuningi ku-Linux. Amanye afana ne-KDE noma i-GNOME angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezinjengeFreeBSD, ngakho-ke uzobe usujwayele manje. Kepha iMac OS X inakho kuphela ngokuzenzakalela, ngakho-ke uzozizwa ukhululekile ngama-distros engincome wona ekuqaleni kwalesi sigaba. KuSolaris ungasebenzisa ezinye izindawo ezingajwayelekile ezifana ne-CDE, OpenWindows neJDS, kepha ngeke ube nenkinga enkulu futhi.

Ngokuqondene nezicelo ze-Mac OS X, ungakwazi ukufaka ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Apple ku-Linux ngenxa yephrojekthi Darling ) Kubasebenzisi beSolaris, i-BSD, njll., Akunankinga, ku-Linux uzothola isoftware engaphezulu kunamapulatifomu abo.

Kepha uma kukhulunywa ngokufaka izinhlelo kuwo womabili ama-Mac OS X naku-Windows kulula kakhulu futhi kukhona okumbalwa kuphela izandiso, njenge .dmg ne .exe ngokulandelana. Kepha ku-Linux sizothola i-.deb, .rpm, .bin, .sh, .tar, .run, njll. Okungeke kube yinkinga kuwe uma ufunda eyami ukuthi ungazifaka kanjani zonke izinhlobo zamaphakeji.

Ikhonsoli yeMac OS X ngandlela thile ayinakwa, ayinamandla amakhulu, ayinamathuluzi amaningi njengeLinux futhi ngalo mqondo kungcono ukuthi ochwepheshe basebenzise iLinux. Yini enye, ukwaziswa kwe-linux Ihlukile futhi ngokwesibonelo ikhombisa okuqukethwe okunemibala ekusiza ukuthi ubone kangcono izinkomba namafayela, okuthile okuswele iMac OS X neWindows cmd.

Ukuqhubeka nabasebenzisi be-Mac, yithi eyakho Finder inganikezwa yiDolphin ku-KDE noma yi-Nautilus ku-GNOME / Unity kanye ne-derivatives. Futhi yisho ukuthi ukuqamba kabusha akudingeki ukhethe ifayili bese ucindezela u-ENTER, kepha ungakwenza ngenkinobho yegundane langakwesokudla bese ukhetha inketho yokuqamba kabusha kumenyu evelayo.

EL Isiqondisi somuntu siqu sabasebenzisi I-OS X isehlukanisweni esikhulu, kwiLinux ngokujwayelekile futhi, ngaphandle kokuthi sichazile ukuyibeka kukwahlukanisa okwehlukile (okuthile okunconyiwe). Esimweni esinjalo, kufanele ubheke umsebenzisi ogama lakhe lingu- / home.

Futhi ukuqeda, chaza okunye ezinye izinhlelo zeMac OS X kusuka ku-Apple ongayifaka ku-Linux:

• iTunes - Rhythmbox, Banshee, Amarok, ...
• ISafari - i-Chrome, iFirefox, iKonkeror, i-Opera, ...
• I-Automator - Xnee
• iWork - Kword, OpenOffice, LibreOffice, ...
• IGarageband - Audacity, Jokosher, Ardor, ...
• iPHoto - F-Spot, Picasa, digiKam, ...
• iMovie - iKino, iCinelerra, ...
• I-TextEdit - TextEdit, Nano, Gedit, Emacs, VI,….
• Okugqamile, uSherlock - uBeagle
• I-Apple Talk - iNetatalk
• Imeyili - iThunderbird, Evolution, Kontact, ...
• iChat - Kphone, Ekiga, Xten Lite, ...
• iCal, Ajenda - Chandler, Google Calendar, Sunbird, ...
• iSync - Kpilot, gtkpod, Floola, ...
• Stuffit - Ifayela Roller, Umphongolo, ...
• iDVD - K3B, Brasero, Baker, ...
• IPargon Partition Manager - Gparted, Partition Image,…
• iWeb - Kompozer, Quanta +, Bluefish, ...
• I-QuickTime - iTotem, i-VLC, i-Kaffeine, i-Xine, ...

Ungakhohlwa phawula futhi ubhale ukungabaza, iziphakamiso noma imiphi imibuzo onayo. Sizojabula ukuphendula futhi sizame ukukusiza ngangokunokwenzeka.