Ungayifaka kanjani i-Linux kwi-SSD

Uma ukhumbula eminyakeni embalwa edlule, lapho zaqala ukumakethwa ama-hard drive wokuqala weSATA futhi amasistimu okusebenza awazange afake abashayeli noma abashayeli balolu hlobo lwe-interface, ukufaka isistimu yokusebenza kwenye yalezi zinkinobho ezinzima kwakunzima kakhulu kune-IDE noma i-PATA hard drive. Kulezo zimo, lapho uhlelo lufakwa, umshayeli owengeziwe wayedinga ukulayishwa kudiski ye-floppy noma kwimidiya yangaphandle yohlelo lokufaka ukuze kutholakale i-hard disk okuzofakwa kuyo i-OS.

Kwakunjalo nakuma-hard drive e-SCSI, yize lawa ayengathandwa kakhulu kumakhompyutha asekhaya kudala, njengoba ayebiza kakhulu. Uma kunjalo, inqubo efanayo yalandelwa, kwengezwa abashayeli abengeziwe. Konke lokhu kushintshile ngenkathi izinhlelo zokusebenza ziqala ngokwendabuko zifaka abalawuli be-SATA njengoba benza i-IDE / PATA futhi akukho zinyathelo ezingeziwe okufanele zenziwe.

Kepha manje, sihlangabezane nenkinga efanayo lapho sifaka ama-hard drive amasha noma i-SSD entsha ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo. Angikhulumi ngalawo ma-hard drive e-SSD ane-interface ye-SATA, lapho kungasekho inkinga uma sisebenzisa ama-SSOO amanje. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma sisebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi "exotic" esingaxhasiwe ngokwendabuko okwamanje, kuzofanele sengeze lolu hlobo lwamashayeli angeziwe lapho sifaka uhlelo lokusebenza kukhompyutha yethu, noma kungenjalo ngeke indawo yokugcina.

Yebo, uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungaqhubeka kanjani faka i-distro yakho ye-GNU / Linux oyithandayo Kuzo zonke lezi zinhlobo zamadrayivu anzima wombuso oqinile anezindawo ezahlukahlukene, lapha sikukhombisa konke odinga ukukwazi, ngoba kuyinkinga eseqala ukukhathazeka futhi izokwenza kanjalo nakakhulu lapho kancane kancane lolu hlobo lwamadrayivu anzima luqala isatshalaliswa imakethe. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ngigweme ukwenza i-alamu, ngoba laba bashayeli bazofakwa ngokwendabuko kuzinguqulo ezintsha ...

Yini engidinga ukuyazi ngaphambi kwesikhathi?

Khumbula, ukuthi kulo mhlahlandlela, ngethula inqubo ezosebenza emacaleni amaningi lapho ukwabiwa kudadlana futhi ungasebenzisi uhlobo lomshayeli oludingekayo ngalolu hlobo lwamadrayivu noma izinkumbulo ezinzima. Kepha kufanele wazi ukuthi kuzinguqulo ezintsha, akumele kube nenkinga enkulu ngakho futhi ungafaka ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu ...

Ngincoma ukuthi uqale uzame nge inqubo ejwayelekile, futhi uma kwenzeka unezinkinga, yenza lezi zinqubo ezilandelayo ngokuvumelana necala lakho... Uma ungakayithengi i-hard drive, nansi ukukhethwa kwama-SSD angcono kakhulu ukuze ukhethe leyo evumelana kangcono nezidingo zakho.

Endabeni yokufakwa kweWindows, kubonakala sengathi kwezinye izimo abashayeli kufanele balayishwe kusuka kokunye okususwayo kusuka kufaki, lapho kuzokwakhiwa ukwahlukaniswa, ngoba kwezinye izimo i-hard disk kungenzeka ingatholakali (bear Qaphela ukuthi uma une-Windows 10 yokufaka i-DVD, ngeke ivuselelwe ...). Kepha kwiLinux, njengoba abashayeli benziwa ngokukhishwa okusha kwe-kernel, lokhu akudingekile. Ngakho-ke, ku-Linux ngigxile kakhulu kunqubo, okungukuthi, Senza ini okungalungile ukuze kungasebenzi uma kufanele kusebenze?

Faka i-GNU / Linux ku-Intel Optane:

Intel Optane empeleni iyasheshisa i-SSD yakho, yize ingasetshenziswa futhi njengendawo yokugcina izinto futhi lobu bumbili yibo obungaletha inkinga, kuya ngokuthi sifuna ukusebenzisa ini kwiLinux ... Okungukuthi, esimweni sokuqala kungaba i-buffer efakwe kwikhompyutha phakathi kwe-SSD eyinhloko noma i-HDD nememori enkulu. Lokhu kuvumela idatha edingekayo ukuthi ilayishwe kule buffer futhi ingafinyelelwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngalokhu ngikwenza kucace ukuthi i-distro yethu, empeleni, ngeke kudingeke siyifake ku-Intel Octant, kepha endaweni yokugcina esinayo, kungaba yi-SATA, noma okunye kokulandelayo esikukhombisa ezigabeni ezilandelayo.

Ngamanye amagama, i-Optane ingaba uhlobo lwememori dram, njengeyinhloko noma i-RAM, kuphela ayishintshashintshi, ivumela imininingwane ukuthi igcinwe unomphela ngaphandle kokusulwa uma kwenzeka kumiswa ukunikeza imemori njengoba kwenzeka nge-RAM. Kepha ngeshwa akubonakali lapho ufaka uhlelo lokusebenza futhi singahle sibe nezinkinga lapho sizama ukufaka i-distro yethu ngokuzimela noma nge-dualboot ene-Windows ...

Ukuze yonke into isebenze kahle, kufanele ube nomshayeli we-Intel Optane kanye ne-kernel yakamuva esekela i-Intel Rapid Storage Technology noma I-Intel RST. Ngakho-ke, bekungeke kube nankinga futhi uzoqhubeka njengokujwayelekile. Manje, lokhu akukakulungeli okwamanje futhi abashayeli bamanje abakacwengisiswa kakhulu futhi abafinyeleli kuwo wonke ama-distros, ngoba ekuqaleni bekuhambisana kuphela neWindows. Ngakho-ke uma une-distro engasekeli okwamanje futhi uma kwenzeka uzithola ulungiselela ukufakwa okusha futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kungasebenzi kahle, unga khubaza i-Intel Optane ku-BIOS / UEFI yakho. Okwakho:

1. Ukufinyelela ku- I-BIOS / UEFI (imvamisa ngokucindezela ukhiye wokususa ekuqaleni, noma ezinye izinkinobho ezifana ne-F2, F3, ... kuya ngomkhiqizo)
2. Bheka kumathebhu wemenyu ngenketho ye-AHCI ne-Intel RST
3. Khubaza Intel RST / Optane nezinguquko ku-AHCI.
4. Uma usukwenzile, cindezela u-F10 no gcina izinguquko ngaphambi kokuphuma, noma skrolela kuthebhu ethi Gcina uphinde uphume bese ugcine bese uphuma kwimenyu ukusuka lapho.
5. Manje umshini uqala kabusha ngalokhu kulungiselelwa, futhi uma kungenzeka ube ngomunye walabo distros bakuqala abangakuvumeli thola i-hard drive Ngenxa ye-Optane, manje izoyithola.

Njengamanje, ingasetshenziswa nefomethi I-ZFSkodwa ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuzoshintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi… Sicela wazi ukuthi i-Intel Optane akuyona ubuchwepheshe babantu, kepha isetshenziselwa ibhizinisi. Ngakho-ke ungahle ungakhathazeki kakhulu ngakho.

Uma kwenzeka uzama ukubeka noma iyiphi i- ukwahlukanisa Cacisa njenge / boot ku-Intel Octane futhi ayisebenzi, noma empeleni i-distro yakho iyayisekela, bona ibhukwana lakho le-motherboard. Kukhona ezinye ezinezintambo eziningana zalolu hlobo lwe-SSD kepha zingaqala kuphela kokukodwa. Bheka ukuthi ingabe isendaweni efanele lapho i-motherboard yakho ikuvumela ukuyisebenzisa njenge-boot medium. Enye indlela ukubeka / ukuqala kwenye i-hard drive nasesikhundleni se-SSD / ekhaya noma yini oyifunayo. Futhi usebenzise i-LVM uma ungenayo indawo eyanele yokwelula amakhono ayo ngaphesheya ... 

Ngakho-ke, akufanele sibe nakho izinkinga ngokuphelele. Ngendlela, kancane kancane i-Optane ifinyelela ngale kweWindows, futhi ama-distros azohambisana. Usuyazi nje ukuthi i-SUSE ibe ngomunye wabokuqala ukumemezela ukwesekwa kwayo kwesivumelwano ne-Intel ye-SLES, futhi usuvele uyazi ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zabashayeli nazo ziyingxenye ye-kernel, ngakho-ke akukho okubavimbayo ukuthi bangasetshenziswa kwezinye .. .

Faka i-GNU / Linux ku-M.2 SSD:

Faka ukusatshalaliswa kwakho kweLinux kufayela le- M.2 SSD Kunenkinga engatheni kune-Optane, ngoba kulokhu kuyinkumbulo esidume kakhulu ngama-PC azo zonke izinhlobo, kufaka phakathi lawo esiwasebenzisa ekhaya. Lolu hlobo lwe-hard drive lufana ne-SATA SSD, kuphela i-interface noma uxhumano lobuchwepheshe olusetshenzisiwe luyahlukahluka, ngakho-ke isivinini sokudluliswa kwedatha nokusebenza.

Khumbula ukuthi i-M.2 iyisimo sefomu, futhi lawa ma-hard drive angaba yi-SATA neNVMe. Endabeni yokuba yi-SATA, akufanele kube nenkinga enkulu kune-HDD ejwayelekile noma i-SSD, kepha uma kuyi-NVMe bangaveza izinkinga ezithile.

Noma kunjalo, abanye abasebenzisi bahlangane izikrini ezimnyama noma izinkinga lapho kuvulwa kusuka ku-M.2 SSD lapho sebebambe ukwahlukanisa / i-boot noma i-bootloader kulolu hlobo lwedivayisi yokugcina. Ukuzixazulula, ungafunda lezi zinyathelo:

1-Uthatha ukuthi uyakwenza ngemodi ye-UEFI:

Uma kwenzeka ufaka uhlelo ku- Imodi ye-UEFI, hhayi nge-BIOS yakudala noma yefa, ungazama okulandelayo:

1. Bheka ukuthi wahlukanisa kahle, njengalezo zi-100 MiB zokwahlukanisa i-UEFI ngefomethi ye-FAT nokuthi unendawo efanelekile yokukhweza. Ungasebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlukanisa okokufaka noma i-GParted yalokhu. Khumbula ukuthi Ukwahlukanisa kwe-UEFI kufanele kube ngeyokuqala.
2. Uma I-kernel ingeyamanje futhi isinyathelo sokuqala KULUNGILE, akufanele ube nenkinga yokusebenzisa i-M.2.

2-Ukuthatha ukuthi uyakwenza ku-BIOS noma ku-Legacy (CSM):

1. Dala ukwahlukanisa okungaba ngu-1024 KiB ekuqaleni kwe-hard drive yakho bese ukumaka njenge- Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-BIOS Boot. Ungawasebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukile kulokhu, njengoba sengishilo, njenge-cgdisk, noma lawo ashiwo ngenhla.
2. Qhubeka ngokujwayelekile ngayo yonke eminye imisebenzi futhi kufanele usebenze kahle uma i-kernel inezishayeli ezifanele zokusekela. Ngendlela, uma kuyithuluzi elisha olingeza ohlelweni noma obusunalo vele I-GRUB ifakiwe, uzodinga ukuyifaka kabusha.

Uma kungekho okunye kwalokho okusebenzayo futhi usenezinkinga, iya esigabeni esivuliwe I-NVMe...

Faka i-GNU / Linux ku-PCI Express SSD:

Kufanele ukwazi ukuqala noma ukufaka uhlelo ku-hard drive I-PCIe SSD Ayikho inkinga. Kepha uma kwenzeka ungena kunoma iyiphi inkinga, ungazama lokhu:

• Qiniseka ukuthi I-BIOS / UEFI (i-firmware) yamukela ukubhutha lezi zinhlobo zamadrayivu. Ngeshwa akuzona zonke ezenzayo, noma ngabe zingezesimanje kumele zikuthwale.
• Bheka ukuthi ngabe isistimu iyabhoboza (noma izama) ngqo kusuka kwenye i-SATA hard disk ekhona ohlelweni esikhundleni se-PCIe disk. Kulokhu, kungahle kube yindaba nje yokuhambisa i- kuqala boot kwimenyu ye-BOOT ye-BIOS / UEFI yakho ukuze ithathe iPCIe kuqala ...
• Vuselela i-GRUB ngomyalo isudo grup-update.
• Zama ukusebenzisa enye i-FS noma uhlelo lwefayela, njengoba enye i-firmware ye-SSD ingajwayelekile ukusekela i-ext4 kahle. Zama enye noma funda ibhuku lakho le-SSD ukuthola ukuthi isekela maphi amafomethi.

Faka i-GNU / Linux ku-NVMe SSD:

Endabeni I-NVMe, Kungaba into efana kakhulu nalokhu engikushilo esigabeni M.2, kepha uma kungekho okunye okukusebenzele futhi usenezinkinga, yize kungafanele uma kungama-distros anamuhla, ungalandela lezi ezinye izinyathelo ezingeziwe. Ukuxazulula lezo zinkinga:

1. Bheka ukuthi i-BIOS / UEFI yakho isebenzisa ukumiswa kwe-RAID esikhundleni se- I-AHCI ngenketho ye I-Boot evikelekile ikhubaziwe. Ezinye izinketho ezifana ne-Quick Boot nazo zingangqubuzana… Phuma futhi ulondoloze izinguquko.
2. Lapho imidiya yokufaka isilungile, qala ukufakwa evamile. Ngiyaphinda ngithi, lokhu ngicabanga ukuthi i-kernel yakho iyalusekela lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe futhi akuyona i-distro endala ...
3. Kwezinye izimo, kubonakala futhi ukuthi abasebenzisi abathile kuye kwadingeka basebenzise inketho ku- I-GRUB. Ngaphakathi kokumiswa kwayo, kulayini lapho lokhu kuvela khona, bangeze inketho nvme_load = YES no nvd_load = YES, base bevuselela i-GRUB. Ngokuqondene nomugqa wokumisa, kufanele ubukeke ufana ne:
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT = »chitha ukuthula nvme_load = YEBO nvd_load = YEBO»

Ngalokhu kulungiswa okuncane kufanele kusebenze futhi kungabangeli izinkinga. Uma usebenzisa noma iyiphi i-SSD yalolu hlobo, ungafaka ukwahlukanisa kwe-EFI, / boot, / SWAP, kanye / naku-SSD kanye / nasekhaya kusitoreji sokugcina njenge-HDD noma enye i-SSD yejubane eliphansi onalo kukhompyutha ... By the way, uyazi ukuthi lolu hlobo lwediski luvela njenge / dev / nvme (nvme0n1, nvme0n1p1, ...) ohlelweni, futhi hhayi njengejwayelekile / dev / sda noma / dev / sdb, njll.

Isixazululo esijwayelekile:

Ngiyaphinda ngigcizelele ukuthi uma sisebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa okudumile, nge-kernel evuselelwe kahle futhi sinabashayeli abafanele, i-SSD yanoma iluphi uhlobo akufanele ibe yinkinga kwiLinux. Ngakho-ke, inketho engcono kakhulu yokulwa nalezi zinhlobo zezinkinga ukuzama ukufaka inguqulo yamanje ye-distro yakho oyithandayo. Uma ikhompyutha yakho ine-SSD kusho ukuthi kufanele ibe yikhompyutha yamanje, ngakho-ke asikho isizathu esiningi sokusebenzisa i-distro endala ...

Ngiyethemba kube usizo kuwe. Ungakhohlwa ukushiya ifayela lakho le- imibono...