Cishe ulande ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU / Linux ukuyifaka. Imvamisa abasebenzisi abaningi bakhetha ukungavumeli lutho, bavele balande ifayela le- Isithombe se-ISO, bayishise endaweni ebhuthazekayo bese ulungiselela ukufaka ukusatshalaliswa kwabo. Okungcono kakhulu, abanye baqinisekisa isamba kepha hhayi ubuqiniso besamba uqobo. Kepha lokhu kungaholela ekutheni amafayela onakaliswe noma aguqulwe ngabantu besithathu abanonya ...
Khumbula ukuthi hhayi kuphela ukuthi kungakusindisa kumafayela onakele, kepha nokuthi amanye ama- isigebengu se-cyber Ushintshe ngamabomu isithombe ukuthi sifake i-malware ethile noma iminyango yangemuva yokuhlola abasebenzisi. Eqinisweni, akusikho okokuqala ukuthi okunye kwalokhu kuhlaselwa kwenzeke kumaseva wokulanda ama-distro nakwezinye izinhlelo zalezi zinhloso.
Okudingayo ukwazi ngaphambili
Yebo, njengoba wazi, uma ulanda i-distro kunezinhlobo eziningi zamafayela wokuqinisekisa. Ngabe kunjalo i-MD5 ne-SHA. Ukuphela kwento ehlukahluka kuzo yi-algorithm yokubethela esetshenziswe kulowo nalowo kubo, kepha womabili asebenzela inhloso efanayo. Kufanele usebenzise iSHA.
I-Los amafayela ajwayelekile ongayithola lapho ulanda i-distro, ngaphezu kwesithombe se-ISO uqobo, yilezi:
- igama le-distro-image.iso: yiyo equkethe isithombe se-ISO sedistro uqobo. Kungaba namagama ahluke kakhulu. Isibonelo, ubuntu-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso. Kulokhu kukhombisa ukuthi yi-Ubuntu 20.04 distro yedeskithophu kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-AMD64 (x86-64 noma i-EM64T, ngamafuphi, x86 64-bit).
- MD5SUMS: Kuqukethe amasheke wezithombe. Kulokhu kusetshenziswa i-MD5.
- I-MD5SUMS.gpg: kulokhu kuqukethe isiginesha yedijithali yokuqinisekiswa kwefayela langaphambilini, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyiqiniso.
- SHA256SUMS: Kuqukethe amasheke wezithombe. Kulokhu kusetshenziswa i-SHA256.
- I-SHA256SUMS.gpg: kulokhu kuqukethe isiginesha yedijithali yokuqinisekiswa kwefayela langaphambilini, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyiqiniso.
Usuyakwazi lokho uma ulanda usebenzisa i- .isifufula Ukuqinisekisa ngeke kudingeke, ngoba ukuqinisekiswa kufakiwe kunqubo yokulanda nalezi zinhlobo zamakhasimende.
Isibonelo
Manje ake sibeke isibonelo esisebenzayo yokuthi ukuqinisekiswa kufanele kuqhubeke kanjani esimweni sangempela. Ake sicabange ukuthi sifuna ukulanda i-Ubunut 20.04 futhi siqinisekise isithombe sayo se-ISO sisebenzisa i-SHA256:
- Landa isithombe se-ISO Ubuntu obufanele.
- Landa amafayela wokuqinisekisa. Lokho wukuthi, kokubili i-SHA256SUMS ne-SHA256SUMS.gpg.
- Manje kufanele usebenzise imiyalo elandelayo kusuka enkombeni lapho uyilayishe khona (ucabanga ukuthi ikulanda) kuya qinisekisa:
cd Descargas gpg --keyid-format long --verify SHA256SUMS.gpg SHA256SUMS gpg --keyid-format long --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 0xD94AA3F0EFE21092 sha256sum -c SHA256SUMS
I-Los imiphumela iphonswe le miyalo akufanele ikuxwayise. Umyalo wesibili uzobonisa imininingwane yesiginesha ngeziqinisekiso ze-Ubuntu kuleli cala. Uma ufunda umlayezo «Akukho okubonisa ukuthi isiginesha ingeyomnikazi"Noma"Akukho okubonisa ukuthi isiginesha ingeyomnikazi" ungabi novalo. Imvamisa kwenzeka lapho kungamenyezelwanga njengokwethenjelwa. Kungakho kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ukhiye olandiwe ungowebhizinisi (kulokhu, abathuthukisi be-Ubuntu), ngakho-ke umyalo wesithathu engiwubekile ...
Umyalo wesine kufanele ukutshele ukuthi konke kulungile noma u- «Isamba siyafana»Uma ifayili lesithombe le-ISO lingashintshiwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanele ikuxwayise ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ...