Ungawaphatha kanjani amaphephadonga ku-Linux

Njalo ngoLwesihlanu ku-Twitter nakwezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana, izinkulungwane zabasebenzisi beLinux babelana ngezithombe-skrini zamadeskithophu abo angokwezifiso nge-hashtag ethi #DesktopFriday. Njengoba ubuvila bami obuphelele bunganikeli nganoma yini enye ngaphandle kokuvula imodi emnyama (futhi lokho kuphela ngenxa yokuthi ukukhubazeka kwami ​​​​kokubona kudinga) ngibancoma ngokujulile labo abathatha inhlanganisela yezithombe, izingqikithi namaphephadonga ekuphakameni kobuciko.

Kungakho, njengokuthi inhlonipho kubo kanye nesikhathi abasithathayo, ake sibone indlela yokuphatha amaphephadonga ku-Linux.

Iyini iphepha lodonga

Iphephadonga, ideskithophu noma iphepha lodonga yisithombe sedijithali (isithombe, umdwebo, futhi manje nevidiyo.) esetshenziswa njengesizinda sokuhlobisa esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esikusikrini sekhompyutha, i-smartphone noma enye idivayisi kagesi.. Kukhompyutha, amaphephadonga ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kudeskithophu, kuyilapho kumakhalekhukhwini noma ithebhulethi asebenza njengengemuva lesikrini sasekhaya.

Umlando omncane

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kube ngenye indlela, umsuka wamaphephadonga buyela kubadali bedeskithophu. I-Xerox Palo Alto Research Center owaklama uhlelo lwehhovisi olwaziwa nge-OfficeTalk.

ku-OfficeTalk amaphethini asetshenziselwe izithombe akhiwe ngamachashazi ampunga amaphikiseli njengoba zazingekho iziqaphi zombala.

Esigabeni esilandelayo, umthombo ovulekile uyahola. Uhlelo X Iwindi (esisasetshenziswa ekusabalaliseni okuhlukahlukene kweLinux) bekungenye yezinhlelo zokuqala ezifaka ukusekelwa kokukhetha noma yisiphi isithombe njengephepha lodonga. Ngikwenze ngohlelo xsetroot, lokho kakade ngo-1985 kwakuvunyelwe ukukhetha phakathi kwesithombe noma umbala oqinile. Eminyakeni emine kamuva kwashicilelwa izinhlelo ezimbili zesoftware yamahhala, enye ebizwa ngokuthi xgifroot evumele isithombe se-GIF esinemibala engafanele sisetshenziswe njengephephadonga, nesinye esibizwa xloadimamage engabonisa amafomethi wesithombe ahlukahlukene njengesizinda sedeskithophu.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwangempela lwe-Macintosh ivumele kuphela ukukhethwa kwamaphethini wesithombe kanambambili onamathayela angamaphikseli angu-8x8. Ngo-87 kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amaphethini ombala amancane ahlanganiswe. Kodwa, Kuphela ngo-1997 ngokuvela kwe-Mac OS 8 lapho abasebenzisi bayo baba nosekelo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi lokusebenzisa izithombe ezingenangqondo njengezithombe zedeskithophu.

Endabeni yeWindows, inguqulo 3.0, ngo-1990, yaba ngeyokuqala ukufaka ukusekelwa ngokwezifiso kwephephadonga. Nakuba i-Windows 3.0 ifake amaphethini amancane angu-7 kuphela (2 omnyama nomhlophe kanye nombala ongu-5 16), umsebenzisi anganikeza ezinye izithombe ngefomethi yefayela le-BMP ezinombala ofika ku-8-bit.

Ungakhetha kanjani ingemuva ledeskithophu

Nakuba kunokutholakala okubanzi kwamaphephadonga ongawalanda kuwebhu, Kufanele ucabangele ezinye izici ukuze uthole elungile yokusabalalisa kweLinux.

Osayizi noma ubukhulu bamaphephadonga bayalinganiswa. Osayizi abajwayelekile yilaba: 1024 X 768; 800X600; 1600X1200; kanye no-1280 X 1024. Okusho ukuthi, amajoyina ahlukaniswa ngo-256. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi u-256 uyincanyana ephansi kakhulu yamaphikseli okuqapha umbala. Ukwenza izibalo sithola ukuthi inombolo yokuqala ihlale ingu-4 futhi inombolo yesibili ihlale ingu-3. Isibonelo, ngesinqumo sika-1024 X 768, 1024 ehlukaniswe ngo-256 ngu-4 futhi 768 ehlukaniswa ngo-256 ngu-3. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lokhu isilinganiso se-pixel esifiseleka kakhulu kumamonitha ekhompyutha.

Nokho, uma sisebenzisa izikrini ezinkudlwana, zinokulungiswa okuphezulu, ngakho-ke ukubukeka kwe-aspect ratio kuyashintsha kube ngu-16:9 noma 16:10. 

Esimeni lapho kusetshenziswa ama-monitor amabili nge-CPU eyodwa, kuyadingeka ukuphinda kabili ububanzi besithombe sangemuva ngamabili. Lokhu kungenziwa nge-Gimp ngokwakha isithombe esingenalutho ubude bephephadonga nobubanzi obuphindwe kabili bese unamathisele isithombe sangemuva kabili eceleni.

Ungawaphatha kanjani amaphephadonga ku-Linux

Ideskithophu ngayinye ye-Linux ehlukene ihlanganisa amathuluzi okuphatha ukuguqulwa kwephephadonga. Ngokuvamile, indlela eshesha kakhulu yokufinyelela kuzo ukubeka i-pointer endaweni ethile kudeskithophu bese ukhetha inketho ehambisanayo nenkinobho efanele.

KDE Plasma

Kusuka Izintandokazi zefolda yedeskithophu Singakhetha isithombe sangemuva ezindaweni ezintathu:

• Iphrezentheshini: Ukushintsha kwezithombe zezikhathi ezithile.
• Umbala olula.
• I-Dynamic: (Isithombe sibuyekezwa ngokuya kwesikhathi sendawo.
• Isithombe.

Endabeni yokwethulwa, kungenzeka ukusungula isikhathi soshintsho kanye nokuhleleka okwenziwa ngaso. Ku-Dynamic singakhetha i-latitude nobude kanye nesikhathi sokubuyekeza, kuyilapho ezithombeni singakhetha eyodwa kudiski futhi sinqume ukuthi iboniswa kanjani.

KDE Plasma kusivumela ukuthi silande amaphephadonga adalwe ngabasebenzisi noma alandwe yithi noma faka ama-plugin anezela izici ezengeziwe kubaphathi bakho.

I-Cinnamon

Ukushintsha isithombe sangemuva kule desktop silandela inqubo efanayo yokukhetha inketho ngenkinobho engakwesokudla. Iwindi lizovuleka lapho amafolda anezithombe ezitholakalayo esohlwini kwesokunxele kanye nezithonjana zezithombe kwesokudla.

Umlingani

Siphinde siphumuze i-pointer bese sikhetha inketho yokushintsha ingemuva. Uhlelo lokusebenza luzosibonisa izithonjana zezithombe ezihambisanayo nezinketho ezihlukile zokubonisa. Singakwazi futhi ukwengeza izithombe zethu.

I-XFCE

Kule khompuyutha kufanele sibheke isithonjana sedeskithophu kumenyu ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza lokucushwa. Lapha singakhetha ifolda yokugcina, isithombe, uhlobo lokwethulwa futhi, uma sifuna ushintsho ngezikhathi ezithile, ubude besikhathi.

I-GNOME

Ideskithophu ye-GNOME, kusukela kuhlelo lokusebenza lokusetha, kusivumela ukuthi sikhethe ngokuzimela isithombe sangemuva sakho kokubili isikrini sokukhiya nesizinda sedeskithophu. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa imibala eqinile nezithombe ezilandiwe.

Ungawatholaphi amaphephadonga we-Linux

Noma yisiphi isithombe esinezilinganiso ezifanele singasetshenziswa ku-Linux, nokho, kukhona amakhasi aqoqa amaphephadonga aklanywe ngokukhethekile. Lezi ezinye:

• I-GNOME-LOOK.ORG: Ukuhlanganiswa yezindikimba, izithonjana, namaphephadonga wedeskithophu ye-GNOME.
• Isitolo se-KDE: Izinsiza ukwenza ngokwezifiso kwe-KDE.
• I-WallpaperAccess: Lesi sayithi sangemuva sine ukukhetha yeLinux.

izinhlelo zokusebenza eziwusizo

Kukhona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezenza kube lula ukulanda nokudala amaphephadonga. Lezi ezinye.

• I-Dynamic Wallpaper Creator: Lolu hlelo ikuvumela ukuthi udale isithombe sangemuva esiguqukayo sedeskithophu ye-GNOME kusuka ezithombeni ezimile.
• Umculi we-Wallpaper: Nge lolu hlelo lokusebenza kungenzeka ukulanda nokukhetha amaphephadonga kumasayithi ahlukene njenge-DeviantArt, i-Wallhaven, i-Bing Daily Wallpaper, i-Social Wallpapering, i-WallpaperFusion, i-DualMonitorBackgrounds noma i-Unsplash.
• I-HydraPaper: Uma usebenzisa imonitha engaphezu kweyodwa ene-CPU eyodwa, lolu hlelo Kuzokusiza ukuphatha amaphephadonga wakho.
• i-worwall: Yilokho uhlelo ikhokhwe, nakuba ingasetshenziswa ngomkhawulo ngemva kwesikhathi sesilingo. Inenjini yokusesha enamandla futhi ihambisana nawo wonke amadeskithophu.
• Amaphephadonga381: Isicelo ekhiqiza amaphephadonga anemiyalezo ejulile ngesiNgisi.
• Yenza kube kanxantathu Iphephadonga; Lolu hlelo ikhiqiza amaphephadonga akhiwe ngonxantathu futhi iwashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ukusebenzisa amavidiyo njengamaphephadonga

I-Wallset uhlelo lokusebenza olunjalo kusivumela ukuthi sisebenzise amavidiyo njengamaphephadonga. Yiqiniso, kumakhompyutha anamandla anele. Amaphakheji adingekayo yilawa:

• I-Git
• feh >=3.4.1
• imagemagick >=7.0.10.16
• xrandr >=1.5.1
• I-xdg-utils >=1.1.3
• bash > =4.0
• ukoma >=4.5

Silanda futhi sifake uhlelo lokusebenza nge:
git clone https://github.com/terroo/wallset down-wallset
cd down-wallset
sudo sh install.sh
Uma sithola umlayezo wephutha, siwuxazulula ngokuthi:

sudo ./install.sh --force

Ukudlala ividiyo ngefomethi ye-mp4 njengephepha lodonga, sisebenzisa umyalo:

wallset --video /ruta/al video/nombre.mp4
Siyimisa ngokuthi:
wallset --quit
Uma ividiyo imiswa, ifremu yokugcina edlaliwe ihlala njengephephadonga. Lokhu kungashintshwa ngomyalo:
wallset --use número de imagen

Lokhu kuzokhetha isithombe kulezo ezilayishwe ngaphambilini ohlelweni.

Singabona uhlu lwamavidiyo angezwe ngaphambilini kuhlelo lokusebenza ngokuthi:

wallset --list-videos

Bese ukhetha ividiyo ohlwini nge:
wallset --set-video número de video

Uhlu olugcwele lwemiyalo ye-Wallset luyatholakala kokuthi ikhasi lephrojekthi.

isiphakamiso esisodwa sokugcina

Iphephadonga akufanele libe yinto nje enhle. Nge-Gimp noma i-LibreOffice Draw ungakha amaphephadonga anezikhumbuzo ezinjengohlu lokuthenga, izinombolo zocingo eziwusizo noma amamephu engqondo. noma amakhadi anezinto ofuna ukuzifunda.

Noma ungalandela iseluleko esituswe yiwebhusayithi ekuqaleni kwekhulunyaka futhi ungabi naso sangemuva sangemuva. Ngesizathu esithile engingasikhumbuli (ngicabanga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele kwezinsiza) umbhali ucabange ukuthi ideski kufanele libe lisangulukile njengeseli likaFrancisca.