Ku-a isihloko esandulele Sikhulume ngokuthi kungani iLinux iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa umphathi wewebhu. Manje ake sibone ezinye izinketho zomthombo ovulekile zamaseva wewebhu.
Igama elithi "iseva yewebhu" lisho kokubili i-hardware ne-software.
Ngokombono wehardware, isiphakeli sewebhu yikhompyutha egcina isoftware yewebhu kanye namafayela ezakhi zewebhusayithi. (ngokwesibonelo, imibhalo ye-HTML, izithombe, amashidi wesitayela se-CSS, namafayela weJavaScript). Ixhumeke kwi-Intanethi futhi isekela ukushintshaniswa kwedatha ebonakalayo namanye amadivayisi axhunywe kuwebhu. Endabeni yesoftware, Iseva yewebhu ifaka izinto eziningana ezilawula indlela abasebenzisi bewebhu abangena ngayo kumafayela aphethwe.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yesiphakeli sewebhu yiseva ye-HTTP. Kuluhlelo lwekhompiyutha oluqonda ama-URL (amakheli ewebhu) nokusekelwa kwe-HTTP (umthetho olandelwayo osetshenziswa iziphequluli ukufinyelela amakhasi ewebhu). Ukufinyelela kuzinsizakusebenza zeseva kwenziwa ngokuthayipha igama lesizinda noma ikheli le-IP kubha yesiphequluli.
Indlela yokusebenza eyisisekelo imi kanje. Noma kunini lapho umsebenzisi efuna ukubuka ikhasi elibanjwe kuseva yewebhu, isiphequluli sicela ikhasi nge-HTTP. Lapho isicelo sifinyelela kwi-web server eyiyo (i-hardware), iseva ye-HTTP (isoftware) yamukela isicelo, ithola ikhasi eliceliwe noma umyalezo wephutha uma kungenjalo, futhi ibonise umphumela futhi isebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo we-HTTP.
Amaseva wewebhu angaba izinhlobo ezimbili:
- I-Static: Yikhompyutha eneseva ye-HTTP ekhombisa iwebhusayithi njengoba yayilayishwa.
- Dynamic: Isendlalelo sesoftware siqukethe i-static web server kanye nesoftware eyengeziwe efana neseva yohlelo lokusebenza kanye nenjini yedatha. Iseva yohlelo lokusebenza ivuselela amafayela abanjwe ngaphambi kokuwathumela kusiphequluli ngeseva ye-HTTP.
Amaseva wewebhu awagcini nje ngokuthumela okuqukethwe, futhi angakuthola. Lokhu kunjalo ngamawebhusayithi afaka imisebenzi efana namafomu noma ukulayishwa kwamafayela.
Ukwenza ngcono ukuxhumana komsebenzisi namawebhusayithi, amaseva amaningi anokusekelwa kwezilimi zokuhlela evumela ukusebenza njengokuthumela amafomu nge-imeyili, ukwenza imisebenzi yezibalo, ukwenza imisebenzi yokusesha, njll.
Ngokwezibalo ezitholakalayo, Ama-80% wamakhasi we-Intanethi aqhutshwa kusetshenziswa amaseva wewebhu avulekile.
Ukuhlelwa kwamaseva wewebhu asetshenziswe kakhulu kusatshalaliswa kanjena:
- I-Apache 37,2%
- I-Nginx 32,4%
- I-Cloudflare (ephathelene) 15,0%
- I-Microsoft IIS (ephathelene) 7,3%
- I-LiteSpeed 6,8%
Amaseva wewebhu womthombo ovulekile. Ezinye izinketho
Iseva ye-Apache HTTP
Ngomlando weminyaka engama-25 ngemuva kwakhe, le seva ethembekile Inezinguqulo ze-Linux, Windows ne-Mac. Yakhiwe kusetshenziswa ukwakheka okuyisimo esivumela imisebenzi ukuthi ingezwe njengoba idingeka.
Inemibhalo ephelele futhi ngenxa yobudala bayo nokuthandwa kwayo iwebhu igcwele izifundo zokuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani.
NGINX
Idizayinelwe ukuxhasa ukuxhumana okuningi ngasikhathi sinye, uzokhonzwar yakhiwe kusetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kwe-asynchronous okuqhutshwa ngumcimbi. ngiyazi ebonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kahle kwezinsizakusebenza nangokuba lula kalula.
I-Lighttpd
Le seva Kubonakala ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwememori ephansi, ukufunwa okuphansi kwimithombo ye-CPU nokwenza okusheshayo. Futhi yakhelwe ngobuciko bokuphendula imicimbi futhi isekele ukuxhumana okuningi ngasikhathi sinye.
Iseva yewebhu ye-Lighthttpd inokwesekwa kwe-FastCGI, i-SCGI, i-Auth, ukucindezela okuphumayo, nokubhalwa kabusha kwe-url
I-Caddy 2
Uno yamaphrojekthi amasha, kubhalwe kusetshenziswa ulimi lweGO kanye ne-imokuzenzakalelayo kuphrothokholi ye-HTTPS ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwenza noma yini ukufaka nokuvuselela izitifiketi ze-SSL. Inqubomgomo yayo yezokuphepha yenza kungabi sengozini enkulu ekuhlaselweni kohlobo lwe-Heartbleed.
Njengoba awudingi ukusebenzisa imitapo yolwazi ye-OS OS ingafakwa ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngezinkinga zokuncika.
Kuyisoftware yalabo abafuna ukungakhathazeki ngezilungiselelo. Uma udinga ukuguquguquka, kuzofanela ubheke kwenye indawo.