En ukulethwa kwethu Ngaphambilini satshela ukuthi uSimon, isazi sesayensi yezombangazwe kanye nesazi sefiziksi okuthiwa uNewell kanye nesazi esaphenduka umhleli okuthiwa uShaw baqala kanjani ukwakha uhlelo lokuqala lobuhlakani bokwenziwa olwaziwa ngeLogical Theorist. Lokhu kwakudinga ukusungulwa yolimi lokuqala oluqondile lokuhlela lwe-Artificial Intelligence
Sasishiye le ndaba nabathathu kanye nabahlanganyeli nomndeni abalingisa ukuziphatha kwezingxenye ezihlukene zohlelo sisebenzisa abantu namakhadi abhalwe ngesandla.
Ngemva kokulingiswa okuningana okufana nalokhu, uhlelo lwenziwa kukhompyutha yangempela. Ukuhlolwa kwaba yimpumelelo njengoba isofthiwe ikwazile ukufakazela ama-theorems angamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili kwesinye sezahluko zencwadi kaRussell noWhitehead ethi Principia Matemática. Ngisho kwelinye lamacala (futhi ngaphandle kokuba neziyalezo eziqondile zokwenza kanjalo) wathola indlela yokuyihlola kakhulu "enhle" kunababhali bencwadi.
Ulimi lokuqala lokuhlela lwe-Artificial Intelligence
Iqiniso lokuthi uSimon nethimba lakhe bathathe isikhathi eside ukubhala uhlelo lwabo yingoba babedinga ulimi oluthile lokuhlela olunamandla anele nokuvumelana nezinjongo zabo. Lolo limi lwabizwa nge-IPL (Ulimi Lokucubungula Ulwazi) futhi lwaqala lwangenisa indlela yokucubungula uhlu yokuhlela.
I-IPL yayihlukile ezilimini ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngaleso sikhathi yayingadingi izimpawu ukuthi ichazwe ngaphambili futhi yayinamandla okuhlanganisa nokuguqula izakhiwo zezimpawu.
Okubizwa ngokuthi inqubo yokucubungula uhlu iqukethe ukugcina ucezu ngalunye lolwazi kanye neziqondiso zendlela yokuthola izingcezu zolwazi oluhlobene nazo. Ngokushintsha izinkomba, izinhlangano ezintsha zingakhiwa.
I-"General Problem Solver"
Ukuze bakhe isofthiwe yabo elandelayo, uSimon noNewell banquma ukuzama indlela ehlukile. Ngaleso sikhathi, uphenyo olungokwengqondo lwaluzungeza olwamema ababambiqhaza ukuba bachaze ngokuzwakalayo indlela abaxazulula ngayo izinkinga ezinengqondo. Laba ababili bathola ukuthi lawa mafomu ayehluke ngokuphelele kulawo asetshenziswa isofthiwe yabo ngakho banquma ukwenza eyabo inguqulo yophenyo futhi dala isofthiwe ngokusekelwe ezindleleni ezichazwe ababambiqhaza. Uhlelo (olwaziwa ngokuthi i-GPS ye-General Problem Solver) lwafakwa amakhodi ngokusekelwe enhlanganweni yolwazi kanye ne-heuristics ezimele ngaphandle kwemisebenzi abacelwe ukuba bayenze.
Le ndlela entsha yokwenza ithole igama elithi "Means-to-Ends Analysis" futhi iqukethe qhathanisa isimo samanje nesilungile futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezinciphisa umehluko phakathi kwazo bese uphinda uhlola kuze kube yilapho umehluko wehliswa ube uziro.. Le ndlela yokwenza ivumela uhlelo ukuthi lisabele ezinguqukweni eziguquguqukayo zenkinga. Umhleli ukhombisa inkinga kanye nethebula elibizwa ngokuthi umehluko lapho kuboniswa khona izifundo ezingase zenzeke nokuthi zikuziphi izimo.
I-GPS ikwazile ukuhlukanisa inkinga yaba yizinkinga ezincane futhi yasebenzisa indlela yokuhlehlisa, okusho ukuthi uma enye indlela ingasebenzi, wayebuyela emuva alandele enye.
Phakathi neminyaka eyi-11 isebenza, I-GPS ixazulule amapuzzle, yenza ukuhlanganiswa okungokomfanekiso, futhi yephula amakhodi ayimfihlo.
Ngesikhathi uSimon noNewell bezijabulisa ngalokhu, umfundi ogama lakhe linguRobert K. Lindsay wenza uhlelo olwaziwa nge-SAD SAM. okuthambile wakwazi ukukhipha imininingwane emishweni yohlobo oluthi "uJuan uyindodana kaPepa" kanye "noJuan ungumfowabo ka-Alberto" futhi akhe isihlahla somndeniukufundisa ukuthi u-Alberto naye uyindodana kaPepa (angazi ukuthi uzophatha kanjani imindeni yokutholwa yanamuhla.
Vele, umdondoshiya wemboni yamakhompiyutha ngaleso sikhathi, i-IBM, ayikwazanga ukuphuma ocwaningweni ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa, insimu okwathi phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi yayisivele iveza amandla amakhulu okufakwa kwezicelo zezempi futhi, esihlokweni esilandelayo thina. uzokhuluma ngamagalelo akhe okuqala kulo mkhakha.