Impendulo esheshayo yesihloko ithi cha. Kepha kungahle kungabi bikho nhlobo, kepha kufanele siqale ekuqaleni. Futhi ingabe leyo yimigomo I-LMR, i-SMR, i-CMR ne-PMR ungahle uzizwe zanda. Ikakhulukazi uma ufuna ukuthenga i-magnetic hard drive (HDD) futhi uzama ukubuza ngobuchwepheshe bokukhetha obuhle.
Ngokuqinisekile ubonile ukuthi muva nje kunezinkulumo eziningi ngobuchwepheshe be-SMR ama-hard drive wesimanje. Isibonelo, iWester Digital, noma i-WD, isanda kwethula imigqa yeRed Plus neRed Pro ekwi-CMR kuphela, futhi kuye kwadingeka nokuthi iphume izophikisa izinkinga ngamayunithi ayo e-SMR. Kepha ziyini zonke lezi zifinyezo? Yini umehluko okhona? Ngabe zihlobene ngempela neLinux noma cha? Yonke le mibuzo ngizozama ukuyicacisa ...
Umehluko phakathi kwe-LMR, i-CMR, i-PMR ne-SMR
I-Headstock & Chainrings: I-Seagate Medalist ST33232A
Into yokuqala okufanele uyazi ukuthi i-HDD hard drive, okungukuthi, kazibuthe noma eyimishini, iyasetshenziswa uzibuthe njengendlela yokubhala nokufunda imininingwane ebusweni bamadiski.
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- I-LMR vs PMR noma i-CMR
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- SMR
Ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni eminingi ngokwakhiwa kwezitsha, neminye imininingwane, ngiya ngqo ukuhlukanisa izindlela okwenziwa ngazo lokhu kufinyeleleka kwememori. Okungukuthi, i- izinhlobo zama-MRs (Magnetic Recording) akhona:
- I-Longitudinal (MRL): Luhlobo lwesitoreji sedatha lapho ligcinwa khona ngokude kubude bediski. Inhloko yediski elikhuni izokwazi ukwenza uzibuthe endaweni ngandlela thile (enyakatho-ningizimu) ukuze yakhe nama-zero ukuthola imininingwane kanambambili. Kuyindlela yakudala yokuthi imininingwane ibigcinwa kanjani kuma-hard drive amadala.
- I-Perpendicular (PMR): I-Seagate ibingomunye wabokuqala ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe kuma-hard drive kusuka ku-750 GB umthamo. Kwakunenzuzo ecacile ngaphezu kwe-LMR ngoba, ngokuningiliziwe, idatha ngayinye yathatha isikhala esincane futhi imininingwane eminingi ingagcinwa endaweni efanayo yediski. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kushisa kancane ngokugcina imininingwane ezindaweni ezijwayelekile futhi ezizinzile.
- Okujwayelekile (CMR): Bonke abanye abakhiqizi baqala nokusebenzisa i-PMR kuma-hard drive abo, ngakho-ke kwaba yinto ejwayelekile kule mboni ye-hard drive. Yingakho yabizwa nge-CMR njengoba yayivele isabalele futhi ijwayelekile. Kepha kuyefana ne-PMR.
- I-Shingled (SMR): ngomzabalazo ongapheli wokuthola ukuminyana kwedatha ngamasentimitha ayisikwele, ukwazi ukwenza ama-hard drive ngamandla athe xaxa ngenani elifanayo lamapuleti nosayizi, ubuchwepheshe be-SMR nabo benziwa. Uhlobo lokuqopha olwehlukile kunalolo lwangaphambilini ngokubambeka. Kulolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe, kusetshenziswa ikhanda lomfundi elincane kunenhloko yokubhala, futhi amathrekhi wedatha abekwe phezulu komunye nomunye. Lokhu kukhulisa amathuba okurekhoda idatha eningi kuyunithi yendawo efanayo, okungukuthi, ukuminyana kuyanda. Inkinga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ithrekhi ibhalwe ngaphezulu lapho izama ukususa noma ukuguqula idatha egciniwe, engaholela ekonakaleni kwedatha. Indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga ukubhala yonke idatha okufanele iguqulwe emkhakheni ohlukile futhi uma kunezikhathi ezingekho ukusetshenziswa kwe-hard disk, kuyanakekela ukuhlela kabusha idatha. Okuthile okufana nokwenzeka kuma-SSDs ane-TRIM nokunikezwa ngokweqile (ukunikezwa ngokweqile). Kepha lokho kunezinkinga, ngoba ukubhala okuningi kufanele kwenziwe lapho ngobunye ubuchwepheshe kufanele kwenziwe kuphela i-1 ... ngakho-ke, ukwanda kwesimo kuleli cala kunezindleko zokubhalwa kwezijeziso.
Ngamafuphi, ku ama-hard drive akamuva ezithengiswayo, noma ngabe ziyini uhlobo lomkhiqizo, ungazitholela i-CMR noma i-SMR. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Seagate- Ama-Barracudas amasha ukusuka ku-1TB kuya ku-8TB imvamisa yi-SMR. Ngenkathi i-Ironwolf imvamisa iyi-CMR.
- Toshiba- Iningi lamadrayivu abo we-1TB kuye ku-6TB imvamisa yi-SMR. Ezinye ezinjenge-X300, P300 ne-N300 imvamisa ziyi-CMR.
- I-Western Digital: Inokuhlukahluka okukhulu kakhulu, nochungechunge Olubomvu oluxuba i-SMR ne-CMR. AmaRed Pro angama-CMR, ukuxubana okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaBlack angama-CMR ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokumbalwa, kuthi i-Purple kube yi-CMR.
Futhi kuhlangene ngani neLinux?
Yebo, into yokuqala ukuthi i-Linux ikhona kumaseva amaningi, nakuma-supercomputer amaningi. Futhi lezi zisebenzisa izilungiselelo ze Isitoreji se-RAID. Izinhlelo ezingafuneki "azihambelani kahle" ne-SMR. Okungenani, kufanele bazi ukuthi banama-hard drive ama-SMR noma uma axubene nezinye izinhlobo zama-hard drive. Ngaphandle kwalokho, zingadala izinkinga ezinkulu.
Qaphela ukuthi nge-RAID kuyasetshenziswa ukubhala ngasikhathi sinye ngamayunithi amaningi ngasikhathi sinye. Isibonelo, kwi-RAID 1 (isibuko noma isibuko), konke okubhalelwe i-hard disk A kubhalelwe no-B ukuze ube nekhophi eliqondile ledatha uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kweyodwa yamadrayivu, enye isipele ...
I-Las izinguquko ku-SMR kungenza la madiski athathe isikhathi eside kakhulu ukubhala idatha uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa amasistimu we-CMR-RAID kuphela. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlelo ze-RAID lapho wonke amadrayivu azo eyi-SMR futhi ingekho inkinga enkulu kakhulu, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe abazinikele ekushintsheni amashayeli ohlelweni lwe-RAID bayakwazi lokhu.
Empeleni, abanye abantu abathenga ama-hard drive we-NAS ngokucushwa kwe-RAID futhi idrayivu entsha bekuyi-SMR, babone izinkinga zivela ukumaka amadrayivu njengokuthi "kwehlisiwe" noma babone ukuthi ukwakha kabusha kuthathe isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile lapho ushintsha iyunithi eyodwa ye-HDD ufake enye.
Kepha ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-RAID, kukhona enye inkinga enkulu ye-SMR, futhi uhlelo lwefayela le-XFS, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zeLinux. I-XFS isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-NAS, futhi ibangela ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ufuna ukubhala kabusha umkhakha we-4KB kusho ukufunda nokubhala kabusha yonke i-256 MB. Lokho kwenza ukuthi imali yokudluliswa ibe nzima kakhulu.
Isiphetho, salolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe be-RAID kufanele ugweme ukuxuba i-SMR ne-CMR kanye ne-NAS okufanele uyenze gwema ukusebenzisa i-XFS. Kepha mathupha, ngincoma ukuthi ukhethe ama-CMR futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukulinganiselwa kanye nekhanda ...