Ukusabalalisa kweLinux okuthathu ngaphandle kwe-systemd

Umhlaba we-Linux (noma i-GNU/Linux) ugcwele izingxoxo ezishisayo phakathi konjiniyela, izikhathi eziningi ngisho nakulabo bethu abanolwazi oluthe xaxa kunalolo lwabasebenzisi abavamile, aziqondakali. Enye yazo yayiyiminyaka embalwa edlule ngokufakwa kwe-systemd.

Yebo, ngenxa yezimpawu zesofthiwe yomthombo wamahhala nevulekile, uma ungumthuthukisi, ungakwazi ukufokha iphrojekthi ngokukhipha izingxenye ongazithandi. Kungakho kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizoklelisa ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux okuthathu ngaphandle kwe-systemd.

yini systemd

Vele, ukwazi ukuthi ukufaka noma cha ukufaka ukusatshalaliswa ngaphandle kwe-systemd, Into yokuqala okudingeka siyazi ukuthi iyini i-systemd.. Ake siqale sichaze umqondo wangaphambilini.

Kumongo we-daemon computing (Ukuhunyushwa okungokoqobo kwamademoni) kuyisevisi esebenza ngemuva ekuqaleni kwesistimu noma ekungeneni ngemvume. Ihlinzeka ngamasevisi asetshenziswa ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza njengokuphrinta amadokhumenti noma ukudlala umsindo.

i-systemd iyisethi yamadaemoni asetshenziswa ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux okuningi ukuqalisa uhlelo. Ngaphezu kokulawula ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo okufanele ziqhutshwe ekuqaleni kwesistimu, ilandelela umsebenzi wesistimu, iphethe ukungena ngemvume komsebenzisi, iqhuba imisebenzi ehleliwe. iphathelene nosuku, indawo, ukugcinwa kohlu lwabasebenzisi ababhalisiwe neziqukathi ezigijimayo nemishini ebonakalayo, ukuphatha ama-akhawunti esistimu, izinkomba kanye nokuhlelwa kwesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nama-daemon okuphatha ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi okulula, inethiwekhi yokuvumelanisa isikhathi sokusebenza, ukudluliselwa kwelogi, kanye nokulungiswa kwamagama.

Singafingqa indima ye-systemd kanje:

1. Uma uvula ikhompyutha, i-BIOS yenza ukuqaliswa kwehadiwe.
2. Isilayishi sokuqalisa siyeka ukulawula ku-Linux kernel.
3. I-kernel ilayisha idiski yokuqala ye-RAM elayisha amadrayivu wesistimu bese ibheka uhlelo lwefayela lempande.
4. i-systemd ithatha ukulawula ngokufaka uhlelo lwefayela nokuqalisa izinsiza ezidingekayo.

Ubani ongaba nenkinga ngethuluzi eliwusizo kangaka?

Empeleni, ukugxeka okuningi kuvela ezinkingeni zomuntu siqu phakathi kwabadali nabagxeki. Kodwa, kukhona nezindaba zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ngokweqile kwephrojekthi.  i-systemd yenza izinto eziningi kakhulu futhi ithatha indawo enkulu lapho kuze kube manje inkambiso yayingamathuluzi alula futhi agxile, aqinisekisa ukuzinza kwawo. Eqinisweni, ifilosofi ye-UNIX, lapho i-Linux yayisekelwe khona, ithi wonke amathuluzi kufanele enze into eyodwa futhi ayenze kahle.

Ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux ngaphandle kwe-systemd

Devuan

cunt lokhu kusatshalaliswa ngokusekelwe ku-Debian nginomlando omncane. Ngale kwezinkinga zobuchwepheshe, ngibe nentshisekelo esiphakamisweni sakho sokungaphawuli okungekuhle mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amalungu amaningi omphakathi wakwaDebian avame ukuphawula kabi kakhulu ngo-Ubuntu. Bengingenawo umqondo ongcono kunokuphakamisa uhlu lwama-imeyili okushintshanisa abasebenzisi baka-Ubuntu ukuthi lusekelwe ku-Devuan. Angizange ngicabange ukuthi abathuthukisi abaningi be-Ubuntu bangabathuthukisi be-Debian. Ngaphandle kweShuttleworth, ngicabanga ukuthi akekho owayengangithukanga.

I-Devuan isuselwe enguqulweni ezinzile ye-Debian futhi isivumela ukuthi sikhethe phakathi kokunye oku-3 ku-systemd. Inamandla afanayo edeskithophu njengephrojekthi yomthombo futhi itholakala ngamafomethi nezakhiwo ezilandelayo:

i386 kanye amd64

• Isithombe sedeskithophu esibukhoma.
• Isifaki Senethiwekhi.
• I-dvd yedeskithophu (Yokufakwa ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi).
• Iseva
• Ideski elincane.

amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386 kanye ppc64el

• Isifaki Senethiwekhi.

I-Nitrux

okunye ukusatshalaliswa ngokusekelwe ku-Debian nangaphandle kwe-systemd iza nedeskithophu ye-KDE enezingqimba zokwenza ngokwezifiso zayo. Isebenzisa ifomethi yephakheji ye-Appimage ekufakweni kohlelo futhi ifaka kuphela u-100% wezinhlelo zokusebenza zamahhala.s

Iza ngezinguqulo ezimbili. Ikuqedela ngedeskithophu yomuntu siqu kanye nobuncane ngaphandle kokwenza ngokwezifiso.

I-Linux engenalutho

Lokhu kusatshalaliswan akusekelwe kunoma iyiphi enye. Isebenzisa umphathi wayo wephakheji ebhalwe kusukela ekuqaleni ngabathuthukisi bayo futhi inikeza imibhalo enemininingwane. ukuze ukwazi ukumisa ukufakwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Iyatholakala ku-x86_64, i686, izakhiwo zengalo, nezinkundla zengalo.