Ukubaluleka kwe-GNU

Ake sisebenzise ibinzana elidumile elivela kwaSimpson ngandlela-thile eliguqulelwe kuleli cala "Wonke umuntu uthi, Linux lokhu, iLinux leyo, kodwa akekho noyedwa othi, sizosebenzela i-HURD, sizovikela inkululeko yabasebenzisi"

I-GNU (i-GNU akuyona i-Unix, isifinyezo esiphindaphindwayo) impendulo eyenziwe yi-alter ego kaSanta Ignatius owaziwa kangcono njenge URichard Stallman ngoba ngaleyo ndlela thina bantu abafayo singayiqonda kangcono indawo yaso, ngendlela efayo neyaziwayo (ukuphela kwehlaya)

Uma unentshisekelo yokungena ngezizathu zokwenziwa kwayo nezinhloso zayo, ungaxhumana ne- I-GNU manifesto kuwebhusayithi yephrojekthi ye-GNU, ngeSpanish.

Umlando othile osheshayo

Emuva ngama-80s, izinkampani zaqala ukusebenzisa ikhodi yomthombo evaliwe emikhiqizweni yazo, uRichard wethu wamangala ngephrinta ayefuna ukufaka kuyo umsebenzi oyisisekelo ongatholakali efemini futhi lapho efuna ukucela ikhodi bayiphika kusuka endlunkulu yomngcele wayo.

Ngokunikezwe lokhu, esikhundleni sokuhlala izingalo zakhe ziwele kabuhlungu nezwe elethulwa phambi kwakhe, uthathe isinqumo sokuhola ifilosofi lokho anquma ukukubiza ngokuthi «Isofthiwe yamahhala«, Dala ifayela le- Isoftware Samahhala (FSF) futhi uthuthukise lonke uchungechunge lwamathuluzi oluzoba yisisekelo se- uhlelo olusebenzayo olubizwa nge-GNU Kodwa-ke, bekunzima ukudala iKernel (abayibiza nge-HURD) esebenza ngokugcwele, iLinux ifike lapha yagcwalisa leso sikhala, kepha i-HURD iyaqhubeka nentuthuko futhi isivele itholakalela ukuhlolwa njenge-Debian HURD. Ngakho-ke sinokuthi iLinux yethu yempilo yonke empeleni iyisistimu yokusebenza ye-GNU eneLinux Kernel, futhi nathi siyathola I-Linux okungeyona i-GNU njengoba kunjalo nge-Android.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapha ifilosofi engemuva kwayo, inkululeko ezi-4; lapha kunengqikithi yalokho esikwaziyo namuhla njenge-GNU / Linux, izilimi eziningi zokuhlela, izinhlelo, imidlalo, izinjini zemidlalo yevidiyo, nokuningi.

The 4 Freedoms of Free Soft

Njengoba ungafunda kuwebhusayithi ye-GNU okuqukethwe kwayo nakho kumahhala okusatshalaliswa (ngaphandle kwalokho kungaba yinto exakayo) inkululeko emine (Ikopishwe ndawonye njengoba uStallman ethanda):

• Inkululeko yokuqhuba uhlelo njengoba ufisa, nganoma iyiphi injongo (inkululeko 0).
• Inkululeko yokufunda ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani, futhi ulushintshe ukuze wenze okufunayo (inkululeko 1). Ukufinyelela ikhodi yomthombo kuyisimo esidingekayo salokhu.
• Inkululeko yokusabalalisa amakhophi kabusha ukusiza abanye (inkululeko 2).
• Inkululeko yokusabalalisa amakhophi ezinhlobo zayo eziguquliwe kubantu besithathu (inkululeko 3). Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze umphakathi wonke ithuba lokuthi usizakale ekuguqulweni. Ukufinyelela ikhodi yomthombo kuyisimo esidingekayo salokhu.

Lapha sesivele sikubona lokho umthombo ovulekile awuyona isoftware yamahhala, kodwa sizokhuluma ngalokho kwesinye isihloko.

Isithinta kanjani inkululeko engu-4? 

Ngabe usebenzise iPython, WordPress, Ruby, C, C ++, Apache? Mhlawumbe uthanda ukuklama imidlalo ku-Godot Engine? Ngabe umsebenzi wezithombe usebenza ne-GIMP, Krita noma i-Ink Scape? Ukuhlelwa kweMultimedia nge-Blender noma i-Audacity?

Ilayisensi elenziwe i-FSF ibizwa nge-GPL (I-GNU Public License) ayisetshenziswanga kumaphrojekthi wayo kuphela, amanye amaningi afana nalawo ashiwo ngenhla phakathi kwamanye ahlanganiswe yile layisensi noma efanayo, yingakho kulula ukufinyelela ikhodi yomthombo yeKernel njengoba I-Linux (Kumbozwe ngaphansi kwelayisense ye-GPL version 2, yingakho impumelelo yayo yokuba mahhala nokusebenzisana) ongayithola ku-Kernel.org yokulanda nokubuka, ukuguqula nokuningi.

Noma dala amamojula, izinhlaka nokunye okunjalo kwezilimi ezinjengePython, Ruby noma i-PHP, yize kufanele kubhekelwe lokho Ukukhululeka akusho ukukhululeka, empeleni ungathengisa ngesoftware yamahhala, empeleni UStallman uqobo uyayikhuthaza, amaphrojekthi amaningi athole imali engenayo ngisho nasezimo eziphuthumayo lapho esongelwa khona yizinkinga zezinkulungwane zama-euro njengoba sibona Lesi sihloko Ngenhlanhla, ibe nesiphetho esijabulisayo kanti uKrita uthole umnikelo wenani eliphelele lesikweletu nokunye okuningi, abakusebenzise ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo, intuthuko ebesinayo isikhathi esithile.

Yize amathuluzi amaningi engenamalayisense aqinile ngaphansi kwe-GPL, i-FSF ihlolwe ngokuqinile futhi inakho lapha Uhlu lwamalayisense oluhambisana nolwakho luyatholakala.

Khumbula uma usebenzisa i-GNU / Linux yinikeze ukuqashelwa okuyifanele i-GNU, sibonga iqiniso lokuthi iyisistimu yokusebenza yamahhala enemiphakathi emikhulu nezinhlelo ezingemuva kwayo.

Yilokho manje, uma uthanda ucezu lwesoftware futhi ufuna ukuthi "ngiyabonga" ayikho enye indlela engcono yokwenza umnikelo kubo noma uma uhlonipha umsebenzi we-FSF futhi unikele, uzokwenza uStallman ajabule :)