“Buyela emuva ku-Windows”, umuntu ongethule ku-Linux wangitshela lapho ebona ukuthi ezinye izinto ziyangiklinya futhi wayefuna ukukwenza njengohlelo lweMicrosoft. Uphinde wangitshela ukuthi "iLinux akuyona iWindows", futhi lokho kuyiqiniso kokungcono noma kokubi. Okubi ukuthi kunezinto ezilula kakhulu kwezinye izinhlelo futhi azilula kangako kulezo ezisuselwa kuLinux, njenge dala amafayela wedeskithophu, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinqamuleli.
Kodwa kufanele uhlukanise phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinqamuleli, ngoba azifani zonke. Njengamanje, ngingacabanga okungenani ngezinhlobo ezimbili zezinqamuleli: ezinye zingama-symlink noma izixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso, okuyifayela elincane kakhulu esingalisebenzisa ukuze sifinyelele elangempela elixhunywe kulo; amanye amafayela .desktop, okuwuhlobo lwe isixhumanisi esiqondile equkethe ulwazi olufana negama lohlelo lokusebenza nenguqulo yalo, futhi amafayela anomthwalo wemfanelo wokwethula izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngaphansi kwe-Linux.
Idala amafayela e-.desktop ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-UI
Njenge sichaza Lapha e-LXA eminyakeni edlule, ukudala amafayela we-.desktop ku-Linux akuyona inkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhalo onikeziwe usebenza njenge-a isifanekiso okufanele usihlele kuphela kuhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye. Kodwa izinto zingenziwa zibe lula nakakhulu.
Itholakala ku-Flathub, kunohlelo lokusebenza olubizwa Umdali wefayela ledeskithophu. empeleni kunjalo isikhombimsebenzisi lapho sizomtshela khona igama, indlela eya kokusebenzisekayo, uma izokwenziwa kutheminali noma cha... futhi uzonakekela ukusenzela okunye. Kodwa uma sifuna into elula nakakhulu, singazidalela uhlelo lokusebenza lweskripthi/uhlelo oluncane lokwenza konke lokhu kusukela kutheminali (ebonwa kusihloko sesithombe). Ikhodi kuPython kungaba okulandelayo:
#!/usr/bin/env python3 from io import open import os file_name = input("Qamba ifayela .desktop: ") version = input("Inguqulo yohlelo lokusebenza: ") app_name = input("Igama lohlelo lokusebenza: ") app_comment = input("Amazwana ohlelo lokusebenza: ") executable = okokufaka("Indlela yokusebenziseka: ") icon = input("Isithonjana sendlela eya kuhlelo lokusebenza: ") isiphetho = okokufaka("Ingabe izosebenza kutheminali? (Iqiniso ngoyebo, Amanga ngocha ): ") tipo_app = input("Uhlobo lohlelo (faka Isicelo uma unokungabaza): ") categories = input("Izigaba lapho lolu hlelo luwela khona: ") folder = input( "Ifolda lapho okusebenzisekayo: ") def createDesktop(): inothi = vula(igama_lefayela + ".desktop", "w") entry_text = ('[Ukufakwa Kwedeskithophu]') version_text = ('\nVersion=' + version ) app_name_text = ('\nName=' + app_name) comment_text = ('\nComment=' + app_comment) executable_text = ('\nExec=' + ecutable) icon_text = ('\nIcon=' + icon) terminal_text = ('\ nTerminal=' + terminal) text_tipoapp = (' \nType=' + type_app) text_categorias = ('\nCategories=' + izigaba) text_startupNotifyApp = ('\nStartupNotify=false') text_path = ('\nPath=' + folder) text = (input_text + version_text + application_name_text + comment_text + i-executable_text + icon_text + terminal_text + app_type_text + categories_text + startupNotifyApp_text + path_text) inothi.bhala(umbhalo) inothi.vala() appName = app_name + ".desktop" os.system('chmod + x ' + appName + '\nmv ' + appName + ' ~/.local/share/applications') phrinta("Kudalwe ngempumelelo ifayela ledeskithophu. Iku ~/.local/share/applications/ futhi kufanele ivele ekhabetheni lohlelo lokusebenza.") createDesktop()
echaza ikhodi
Okusuka kokungenhla:
- Umugqa wokuqala yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi “i-Shebang” futhi ukhombisa ukuthi umbhalo kufanele uvulwe ngani (ungase uhluke kokunye ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux). Akufanele kudingeke uma sizulazulela endleleni lapho sigcina khona ifayela le-.py futhi siliqalise ngokuthi "python file_name.py«, kodwa yebo uma sifuna ukubhekana nokunye okuningi njengoba sizokuchaza kamuva.
- Imigqa yesibili neyesithathu ingenisa okudingekayo ukuze udale ifayela, ngoba kudingekile ukukwazi ukubhala ku-hard disk.
- Bese kwakhiwa okuguquguqukayo okuzosetshenziswa kamuva ukubhala okuqukethwe kufayela elithi .desktop.
- Kumsebenzi we-createDesktop(), iqala ngokuvula ifayela, bese yengeza amapharamitha olwazi lwesinqamuleli, bese idala ifayela elithi .desktop, ilinikeze ukusebenzisa izimvume, futhi ilihambise kokuthi ~/.local/share/ kufolda izinhlelo zokusebenza. Futhi kungaba kuphela lokho.
Ngingasho ukuthi bekungeke kube lula, kodwa bekungaba lula uma bekukhona indlela yokuwadala ngemenyu yokuqukethwe ye-Nautilus, Dolphin noma imenenja yefayela esiyisebenzisayo. Inkinga ukuthi ku-Linux lokhu akusebenzi kanjalo. Kumafayela we-.desktop ungakwazi futhi ukwengeza olunye ulwazi, olufana nokuhumusha nezinye izindlela zokuvula izinhlelo zokusebenza (ezifana nemodi ye-incognito esipheqululini), ngakho-ke ukudala lezi zinhlobo zezinqamuleli akuqondile kangako, kuwufanele ukuphinda uphindwe.
Futhi sengivele ngikhohliwe, uma sifuna ukukwazi ukwethula iskripthi sangaphambilini kunoma iyiphi iwindi letheminali, kufanele hambisa ifayela le-py esilidalile uye kufolda ye-/bin. Ungavumeli noma ngubani ongazi ukuthi wenzani ukuthi ajwayele, ngoba izinto ezisebenzisekayo zingena kuleyo folda futhi kufanele uqaphele ukuthi yini oyithintayo. Kunoma yikuphi, kukhona njalo izinketho. Kufanele wazi ukuthi ubheke kuphi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudala nokwabelana nakho kuyinto evamile ku-Linux.