UStallman kanye nephrinta. Umsuka wamalayisense wamahhala wesoftware

Besesiqedile indatshana yethu edlule ngeminyaka yama-80 lapho isoftware iyekile ukuba yinani elingeyona lokuthengisa ebhizinisini elinenzuzo, futhi, omunye wabahlinzeki abakhulu, i-AT & T yayiqale ukukhokhisa ngokuthuthukela emakethe yabathunjwa yohulumeni namayunivesithi.

Nanamuhla, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwemibhalo ephrintiwe kuncipha, amaphrinta aselokhu ephathwa yikhanda. Iphepha eligaxekile, ama-cartridge e-ink aphela ngejubane elisolisayo futhi abiza ngaphezu kwenso, abashayeli abangasebenzi lapho kubuyekezwa uhlelo lokusebenza futhi singangena ohlwini.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, iningi lethu limane lithuke izintokazi zakwaHewlett noPackard noma sifisa ukuthi i-COVID izoshayisa ikomkhulu le-Epson, impela iningi lethu aliyona uRichard M Stallman.

UStallman kanye nephrinta. Indaba eguqule konke

Ekuqaleni kwawo-80, uStallman wayenjalo umdidiyeli oneminyaka engu-XNUMX ovela eMassachusetts Institute of Technology Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Ngolunye usuku wathumela idokhumenti enamakhasi angama-50 kuphrinta ye-laser yaselebhu. Lapho eyomfuna, ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, Uthole ukuthi bekungagcini ngokushicilelwa idokhumende yakhe kuphela, kodwa nomsebenzi owedlule ubungakaqedi ukuphrinta.

Bekungekhona okokuqala ukuthi umshini umphoqe ukuba aphazamise umsebenzi wakhe, ngakho walingeka ukuba enze okuthile ngawo.. Njengoba wayengeyena uchwepheshe wehadiwe, kuzofanele ukuthi athole ukuthi isisombululo singatholakala kanjani ngenye indlela.

Ngokuphikisana nalokho umuntu angakucabanga, bekungeyona into ephelelwe yisikhathi. Inikelwe eyunivesithi yiXerox Corporation, bekuyisibonelo sohlu lwamaphrinta okufanele luthengiswe yinkampani.

Ekuqaleni yonke into ibisebenze kahle. Umshini uprinte ihluzo ngokunemba okukhulu kunangaphambili futhi wehlisa izikhathi zokuphrinta ngama-90%. Inkinga, eyatholwa kamuva, kwakuvame ukuminyana kwephepha.

Iphrinta yayiwumklamo osuselwe kumshini wokufothokhopha, okusho ukuthi, ususelwa kukhompyutha ene-opharetha eseduze nayo lapho isebenza. Endabeni yokukopisha, ukuminyana kwephepha akuyona inkinga ebucayi kakhulu. Kepha, kuphrinta esebenza ngokuzenzakalela futhi ikude, bekungukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Kulokhu kufanele kungezwe ukuthi iphrinta kufanele ihlangabezane nokufunwa kwabasebenzisi abaningana.

UStallman wayelungise inkinga ngephrinta endala kwakhiwa isoftware eyayiqapha ngezikhathi ezithile futhi yazise umsebenzisi ngamunye ngomsebenzi wokuphrinta olindile lapho kunenkinga. Njengoba kungekho noyedwa wabo owayazi ukuthi ngabe omunye umuntu wayesitholile yini isaziso, kwakuqinisekile ukuthi othile uzosilungisa.

Ngokuzama ukwenza okufanayo ngemodeli yeXerox, uStallman wakuthola lokho Esikhundleni sokunikeza ikhodi yomthombo ebhalwe kahle, inkampani ihambise isoftware yephrinta kumaphakeji ahlelwe ngaphambilini.

UStallman wasizakala ngohambo oluya eCarnegie Mellon University ukuyokhuluma nozakwabo owayesebenza njengonjiniyela womkhiqizo weXeroxhlela ikhophi yekhodi yomthombo enqatshiwe.

Namuhla, isicelo sikaStallman singabonakala singekho ndawo kithi, kepha ngawo-80 umthetho wokunqanda ukusatshalaliswa kwesoftware wawumusha. Esinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi izinkampani zinikele ngezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kumalebhu ocwaningo lwamakhompiyutha yingoba zazazi ukuthi ama-programmers azokwakha izithuthukisi izinkampani ezingazidlulisela kumakhasimende mahhala. Eqinisweni, akekho owayekhathalela ukuthi abanye bathatha isoftware ngaphandle kwemvume futhi bayithuthukise. Kwakwanele ukuthi lezo zithuthukisi zazitholakala kuwo wonke umuntu.

Noma kunjalo, masibe sobala ukuthi iphrinta ibingeyakamuva ochungechungeni lwemicimbi engashintsha ithuba lobuchwepheshe bukaStallman. Wayesevele eqalile ukubona ukuphela kwepharadigm eyayikhombise ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II, ukutholakala kwamahhala kwekhodi yomthombo.

Engakwazi ukuthwala umcabango wokuthi uyoke abe nguyena ophoqelelwe ukuphika ikhodi yomthombo komunye umuntu, uthathe isinqumo sokuthi sekufike isikhathi sokwenza okuthile.

Kepha, lokho kuzoba yisizathu sokunye okuthunyelwe.