Kulo mbhalo sizothinta isihloko esivame ukubuzwa kakhulu ezinkundleni. Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngingakwazi ukungena ku-BIOS? Ukwazi ukwenza lokhu kubalulekile, ngokwesibonelo, ukushintsha i-oda lokuqalisa lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe noma ukubaluleka kokufunda kwemishini yokugcina.
Ukukongela isikhathi sokufunda, ngizoqala ngokuthi inkinga kungenzeka ukuthi sicindezela ukhiye ongalungile. Nakuba okujwayelekile kuyisihluthulelo del, amanye amamodeli encwajana akhethe ukunikeza lowo msebenzi kwabanye okhiye bomsebenzi.
Uma wazi ukuthi iyini i-BIOS nokuthi kungani uyifake, esigabeni esilandelayo ngichaza ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uyifake. Uma ungenalo ulwazi ngakho, esigabeni sesibili ngichaza izinto eziyisisekelo.
Angikwazi ukungena ku-BIOS. Ngenzeni?
Manje njengoba sesazi ukuthi imfihlo ukushaya ukhiye ofanele, umbuzo olandelayo uthi yazi ukuthi iyiphi okufanele uyicindezele. Ngizobalula ezinye zezindlela ezingenziwa. Uma zingasebenzi, kuzodingeka uye ku-Google futhi ubonise imodeli yebhodi lakho lomama.
Ukufinyelela i-BIOS singacindezela noma yibaphi okhiye abalandelayo noma izinhlanganisela zokhiye:
- F1
- F2
- F10
- Susa (Kumakhibhodi esiNgisi ingavela njengedel o Susa)
- Esc
Usonhlamvukazi F ukhomba okhiye bomsebenzi abatholakala kumugqa wokuqala wekhibhodi. Noma ngabe yikuphi okubonisiwe, kufanele icindezelwe phakathi nenqubo yokuqalisa.
Kunezinkomba ezithile ezenza kube lula ngathi ukuthola okhiye bomsebenzi. Kwezinye izimo uphawu lubonisa ukuthi yimuphi ukhiye obonisiwe. Uma kungenjalo:
- yebo uma ucindezela F2 Ithuluzi lokuxilonga liyavela, zama ukuqala kabusha bese ucindezela F10.
- Uma unqume ukuqala ngokhiye womsebenzi ophezulu kakhulu (F10) bese kuvela uhlu lwediski nokuhleleka kwayo kokuqalisa, qala kabusha bese ucindezela F2.
Cishe akukho-brainer ukusho, kodwa ngeke ukwazi ukungena ku-BIOS uma ungenayo ikhibhodi. Amakhompyutha amadala abengeke aze aqalise ukube ubungaxhumekile. Nakuba ezintsha zizoqala uhlelo lokusebenza ozokwazi ukusebenzisa ngalo ikhibhodi ebonakalayo, futhi, izinguqulo ezintsha ze-BIOS zivumela ukushintsha izilungiselelo usebenzisa igundane, ngaphandle kwekhibhodi ebonakalayo noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa akunakwenzeka.
Ibuyisela izilungiselelo zasembonini
Lapho ezinye izindlela zokufinyelela i-BIOS zingasebenzi, kufanele usebenze ku-Motherboard ukuze ubuyisele izilungiselelo zasefekthri.
Yilokhu umagazini omdala we-Reader's Digest owakubiza ngokuthi "Idrama Yempilo Yangempela." Ngamanye amazwi, kwenzeka kimi futhi kwangithatha izinyanga ezi-4 ngisebenza namakhompyutha ebolekiwe.
Imishini yami yayeka ukusebenza. Ngishintshe ugesi namanje akwenzekanga, ngashintsha i-motherboard namanje akwenzekanga. Ekugcineni ngishintshe iphrosesa futhi izoqala, kodwa yayingeke ibonise ividiyo. Kungani ngingazange ngiyithathe kusukela ekuqaleni enkonzweni yezobuchwepheshe ukuze ngihlole inkinga yindaba ezoshiyelwa esinye isikhathi.
Okwenzekile kwaba ukuthi, Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi iwebhusayithi ye-motherboard ithi iyahambisana neprosesa, inguqulo ye-BIOS yayingahambisani.. Bekufanele ulande inguqulo endala ukuze isebenze.
Enye inkinga ongangena kuyo, futhi exazululwa ngendlela efanayo, yile lapho ukufinyelela okukhethwa kukho kokucushwa kuvikelwe yiphasiwedi futhi awukwazi.
Okufanele ukwenze buyisela kuzilungiselelo zasembonini futhi lokhu kwenziwa ngokungenelela ku-hardware. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngabasebenzi abakhethekile ngoba izinto zingabheda kakhulu.
amakhompyutha edeskithophu
Ebhodini lomama kufanele sithole inkinobho ye-DIP noma i-jumper ebhalwe ngokuthi CLEAR JCMOS1 CLEAR CMOS, CLRPWD, CLR, PASSWD, PASSWORD, PSWD noma PWD. Kudingeka sishintshe kuphela isikhundla sokushintsha noma sisuse i-jumper kusuka ezikhoneni ezimbili zokuxhuma bese siyibeka kuma-jumpers amabili asele.
Ezinye izindawo ezingenzeka yilezi:
- Kolunye lwemiphetho yebhodi lomama.
- Eduze kwebhethri.
- Eduze kwe-CPU.
Enye indlela ukukhipha ibhethri ku-CMOS chip imizuzu emi-5.
Amalaptop
Endabeni yama-laptops, kungcono ukuxhumana nomkhiqizi futhi ikubuze ukuthi iyini iphasiwedi ezenzakalelayo noma ikucele ukuthi uyisethe kabusha. Lokhu kwakamuva kuzokwenzeka kuphela uma ungumthengi wokuqala.
Enye into ongayizama sebenzisa iskripthi esingakwazi ukukhiqiza iphasiwedi kusuka kumacebo athile. Ngalokhu kufanele siqale sifinyelele i-BIOS bese sithayipha iphasiwedi engalungile izikhathi ezintathu. Imibhalo kufanele isetshenziswe kwenye ikhompuyutha
Sikwenzelani lokhu?
Lapho unikeza iphasiwedi ku-BIOS, uhlelo lugcina isheke ku-chip ye-CMOS, leyo checksum iyona evezwa emyalezweni ovela ngemva kwemizamo emithathu ehlulekile yokungena. Abanye abakhiqizi bancamela ukubonisa inombolo. Esimweni sokuqala kungenzeka ukuthola igama eliyimfihlo, okwesibili igama eliyimfihlo elenziwe ngezinombolo ezikhiqizwa ngokungahleliwe.
Okunye okuhlukile kufaka phakathi ukugcina igama-mfihlo embhalweni ongenalutho, kodwa ukulibethela ngaphambi kokulibonisa. ngenkathi benza iphasiwedi eyinhloko kusuka kunombolo ye-serial.
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi akuzona zonke izimo kulula kangaka. Amanye amakhompyutha adinga ukuthi ufake amagama ayimfihlo amathathu ngaphambi kokuthi ubone isheke, noma uyibonise kuphela uma okhiye becindezelwe ngendlela efanele.
Imibhalo ingalandwa kusuka leli khasi. Ukuze uzisebenzise ku-Linux kufanele uzilande, uvule itheminali bese uya kusiqondisi sokulanda. Bese uyiqala ngomyalo we-python name_of_script.py
Uma lokhu kungasebenzi, ungazama indlela efanayo nakumakhompuyutha edeskithophu. Indawo yokuqala okufanele uyibheke ingaphansi kwekhibhodi.
Izisekelo ze-BIOS
I-BIOS wuhlobo olukhethekile lwesofthiwe egcinwe ku-chip exhunywe ebhethrini. Uma ibhethri ifa, lapho ikhompuyutha icishiwe, imininingwane yokumisa izolahleka.
Kulesi sigaba sizophendula imibuzo emibili:
Iyini i-BIOS?
Ingxenye eyisisekelo yanoma iyiphi ikhompyutha ibhodi lomama. Umsebenzi wayo ukuxhumanisa zonke izingxenye zekhompyutha. Ebhodini lomama sithola i-chip eyaziwa ngokuthi i-CMOS (Isifinyezo se-semiconductor yensimbi ehambisanayo)
I-CMOS isebenza njengememori yokugcina eguqukayo ye-firmware eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-BIOS. Sithi yinkumbulo eguquguqukayo ngoba uma kwenzeka kunqanyulwa ugesi, okuqukethwe kwawo kuyalahleka. Kungakho i-CMOS inogesi wayo ozimele ophuma kumapayipi amakhulu (ibhethri layo). Ngisho noma ikhompuyutha ingaxhunyiwe futhi ngisho noma ibhodi lomama lingakaze lixhunywe kukhompuyutha, i-CMOS isilungele ukusetshenziswa nezilungiselelo zasefekthri.. Noma, ngoshintsho esilwenza kamuva ekucushweni.
Esimeni lapho ibhethri elingu-3-volt elisebenza njengomthombo wamandla we-CMOS chip lifa, izilungiselelo (kungaba yifekthri noma ezilungiswe umsebenzisi) zizolahleka. futhi kufanele siyilungise njalo lapho sinqamula ikhompuyutha futhi siyivula futhi.
Ngike ngasho ngaphambili ukuthi i-BIOS iyi-firmware. Lolu wuhlelo lwekhompuyutha oluhlanganiswe nengxenye yehadiwe futhi indima yalo kuwukuvumela ukusebenza kwalo. I-BIOS iphethe ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ikhompuyutha isesimweni esikahle sokusebenza.. Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, kudlulisa umyalezo ku-bootloader yesistimu yokusebenza.
Lapho ikhompuyutha inqanyuliwe kumapayipi amakhulu, i-CMOS chip idonsa amandla ebhethri okufanele lishintshwe lapho liphela.
Igama elithi BIOS livela kwisifinyezo sesiNgisi sohlelo Lokufaka Okuyisisekelo kanye Nokukhipha futhi liphathelene nokucushwa kwezingxenye zekhompuyutha.
I-BIOS inezingxenye ezine eziyinhloko:
- ISIQONDISO: Iphethe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zehadiwe ezihlukene zisebenza kahle, uma zingasebenzi, ibika uhlobo lwephutha ngamabhiphu.
- I-Bootstrap Loader: Ibheka isistimu yokusebenza esebenzayo futhi inikezela ngokulawula kuyo.
- Abashayeli be-BIOS: Isethi yesofthiwe ephethe ukuphatha ezingeni eliyisisekelo izingxenye zehadiwe ezahlukene.
- Setha Iwizadi: Ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele izici ezihlukene zehadiwe njenge-oda lokuqalisa lemidiya yesitoreji noma idethi yesistimu nesikhathi.
Ngizokutshela imfihlo. Ngisanda kuthatha izifundo zokulungisa amakhompyutha. Endabeni yami kwakuwukufunda ukulungisa imishini yami, kodwa isifundo siyingxenye yohlelo lokuqeqeshwa komsebenzi olusekelwa (futhi olukhokhelwa) uMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-Argentina.
Ukubhala lesi sihloko bengifuna ukubhekisela kumanothi esifundo futhi, njengesilinganiso esengeziwe, ngiqhathanise eyayikusho ne-BIOS yekhompyutha yami. Iphuzu liwukuthi lo profesa okungenani wayeneminyaka engu-20 ubudala.
Iseluleko sami ukuthi uma unquma ukungcolisa ukusetha kwe-BIOS noma enye ihadiwe, sesha ulwazi olusha bese uqhathanisa konke okubonayo noma okufundayo nalokho okubona kukhompuyutha yakho. Futhi, ngaphambi kokwenza izinguquko, bhala amanothi futhi uwabhale ngezithombe namavidiyo.