Namuhla iLinux Kernel igubha iminyaka engu-30 yasungulwa futhi kusenokuningi okufanele ikunikeze

Ekuqaleni kwenyanga sikhiphe inothi lokukhumbula iminyaka engama-30 kwasungulwa i- ukushicilelwa kwewebhusayithi yokuqala, iqiniso ngokungangabazeki elimakwe umlando futhi engihlale ngihlobanisa kancane neLinux, ngoba kokubili ukushicilelwa kwewebhusayithi yokuqala kanye ne-prototype yokuqala yeLinux Kernel kuyahambisana, ngoba bobabili bakhululwa ngonyaka ofanayo.

Kusukela ngo-Agasti 25, 1991, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezinhlanu zentuthuko, Umfundi oneminyaka engu-21 ubudala uLinus Torvalds isikhangiso kukholi yenkomfa ye- comp.os.minix Bengisebenza kuhlobo olusebenzayo wohlelo olusha lokusebenza I-Linux, okwakuphothulwe ukuthwalwa kwe-bash 1.08 ne-gcc 1.40. Le nguqulo yokuqala esesidlangalaleni ye-Linux kernel ikhishwe ngo-Septhemba 17.

I-Kernel 0.0.1 yayingu-62 KB ngendlela ecindezelweyo futhi ibiqukethe cishe imigqa eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi zekhodi yomthombo eqhathaniswa ne-Linux kernel yanamuhla enemigqa engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-10 zekhodi.

Ngokwesifundo esithunyelwe yi-European Union ngo-2010, izindleko ezilinganiselwayo zokwenza iphrojekthi efana ne-Linux kernel yanamuhla kusukela ekuqaleni bekuzoba ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane zamaRandi (kubalwa ukuthi i-kernel yayinemigqa yekhodi eyizigidi eziyi-13), ngokusho okunye ukulinganisela okungaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-3.

Okuncane mayelana neLinux

I-Linux kernel kukhuthazwe uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-MINIX, okuyinto uLinus angayithandanga nelayisense lakhe elilinganiselwe. Kamuva, lapho iLinux iba yiphrojekthi edumile, ababi bazama ukusola uLinus ngokukopisha ikhodi ngqo kwamanye amasistimu we-MINIX.

Lokhu kuhlaselwa kwaxoshwa ngumlobi we-MINIX, U-Andrew Tanenbaum, othume umfundi ukuthi enze ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe kwekhodi yeMinix nezinguqulo zokuqala zomphakathi zeLinux. Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombise ukuba khona kokufana kwamakhodi we-block block amane kuphela ngenxa yezidingo ze-POSIX ne-ANSI C.

I-Linus ekuqaleni ngicabange ukubiza i-kernel Freax, kusuka kokukhululekile, okuyinqaba no-X (Unix). Kepha i-kernel yathola igama "Linux" ngesandla esilula sika-Ari Lemmke, owathi, ngesicelo sikaLinus, wafaka i-kernel kuseva ye-FTP yeyunivesithi, waqamba umkhombandlela ngefayela hhayi "i-freax," njengoba iTorvalds icele, kodwa "i-linux."

Ngokuphawulekile, usomabhizinisi ongusomabhizinisi uWilliam Della Croce ukwazile ukwenza uphawu lwentengiso lweLinux futhi wafuna ukuqoqa izimali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa wabe eseguqula umqondo wakhe wadlulisela wonke amalungelo ku-trademark kuLinus. I-mascot esemthethweni ye-Linux kernel, i-Tux penguin, yakhethwa ngomncintiswano owabanjwa ngo-1996. Igama elithi Tux limele iTorvalds UniX.

Mayelana nokukhula kweKernel phakathi neminyaka engama-30 edlule:

• 0.0.1 - Septhemba 1991, imigqa yekhodi eyizinkulungwane eziyi-10
• 1.0.0 - Mashi 1994, imigqa eyizinkulungwane eziyi-176
• 1.2.0 - Mashi 1995, imigqa eyizinkulungwane eziyi-311
• 2.0.0 - Juni 1996, imigqa eyizinkulungwane ezingama-778
• 2.2.0 - Januwari 1999, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-1,8
• 2.4.0 - Januwari 2001, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-3,4
• 2.6.0 - Disemba 2003, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-5,9
• 2.6.28 - Disemba 2008, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-10,2
• 2.6.35 - Agasti 2010, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-13,4
• 3.0 - Agasti 2011, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-14,6
• 3.5 - Julayi 2012, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-15,5
• 3.10 - Julayi 2013, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-15,8
• 3.16 - Agasti 2014, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-17,5
• 4.1 - Juni 2015, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-19,5
• 4.7 - Julayi 2016, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-21,7
• 4.12 - Julayi 2017, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-24,1
• 4.18 - Agasti 2018, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-25,3
• 5.2 - Julayi 2019, imigqa eyizigidi ezingama-26,55
• 5.8 - Agasti 2020, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-28,4
• 5.13 - Juni 2021, imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-29,2

Ngenkathi yengxenye yentuthuko nezindaba:

• Septhemba 1991: I-Linux 0.0.1, ukukhishwa kokuqala komphakathi okusekela kuphela i-i386 CPU namabhuzu kusuka kudiski yediski.
  Januwari 1992: I-Linux 0.12, ikhodi yaqala ukusatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisense ye-GPLv2
• Mashi 1992: I-Linux 0.95, inikeze amandla wokusebenzisa i-X Window System, ukusekelwa kwememori ebonakalayo nokushintshaniswa kokwahlukanisa, kanye nokusabalalisa kokuqala kwe-SLS ne-Yggdrasil.
• Ehlobo lika-1993, amaphrojekthi weSlackware neDebian asungulwa.
  Mashi 1994: I-Linux 1.0, inguqulo yokuqala ezinzile ngokusemthethweni.
  Mashi 1995: I-Linux 1.2, ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwenani labashayeli, ukusekelwa kwamapulatifomu e-Alpha, MIPS nase-SPARC, ukunwetshwa kwamakhono esitaki senethiwekhi, ukuvela kwesihlungi sephakethe, ukwesekwa kweNFS.
• Juni 1996: I-Linux 2.0, ukusekelwa kwama-processor amaningi.
• Januwari 1999: I-Linux 2.2, ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuphathwa kwememori, ukwesekwa okungeziwe kwe-IPv6, ukuqaliswa kwe-firewall entsha, yethule isistimu entsha yomsindo
• UFebrero de 2001: I-Linux 2.4, ukusekelwa kwama-processor ama-8 kanye ne-64 GB ye-RAM, uhlelo lwefayela le-Ext3, i-USB, ukwesekwa kwe-ACPI.
• Disemba 2003: I-Linux 2.6, ukuxhaswa kwe-SELinux, amathuluzi wokuhlela okuzenzakalelayo we-kernel, ama-sysfs, uhlelo lokulawulwa kwememori olwenziwe kabusha.
• NgoSepthemba 2008, kwakhiwa inguqulo yokuqala yesikhulumi se-Android esuselwa ku-Linux kernel.
• NgoJulayi 2011, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 yokuthuthukiswa kwegatsha le-2.6.x, ukuguqulelwa ezinombolweni ze-3.x kwenziwa.
• Ngo 2015, I-Linux 4.0, inani lezinto ze-git endaweni yokugcina lifinyelele ezigidini ezi-4.
• Ngo-Ephreli we-2018, Ngisinqobile isithiyo sezinto eziyizigidi eziyisithupha ze-git-core endaweni yokugcina izinto.
• NgoJanuwari 2019, kwakhiwa igatsha le-Linux 5.0 kernel.
• Kuthunyelwe ngo-Agasti 2020, I-kernel 5.8 yayinkulu kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso soshintsho lwazo zonke izinhlamvu phakathi nayo yonke impilo yephrojekthi.
• Ngo 2021, ikhodi yokuthuthukisa abashayeli ngolimi lweRust ingezwe egatsheni elilandelayo le-Linux kernel.