Mayelana nephrothokholi ye-BitTorrent. Eminye imininingwane yokusebenza kwayo

Ku isihloko esandulele Ngiqalile isingeniso esifushane sokuthi iphrothokholi ye-BitTorrent isebenza kanjani okuyindlela engiyithandayo yokwabelana ngamafayela kumanethiwekhi e-P2P. Sasivumelene ngokuthi inqubo ihlanganisa ukukhiqiza ifayela lesifufula nokwabelana ngalo nge-tracker (Iseva enesibopho sokuxhumana nayo yonke inethiwekhi ngokutholakala nendawo yefayela nokuthi ingayithola kuphi). Enye indlela ukusebenzisa isixhumanisi sikazibuthe, osesha ngaso i-node ngenodi uze uthole ifayela. Iqhubeka kanje le nqubo.

Kumele kucace ukuthi isiseshi sifana namakhasi aphuzi. Iqukethe kuphela ulwazi lokuthi ungathola kuphi okuthile, kodwa ayihlanganyeli ngokuqondile ekuhwebeni.

Lapho elinye ilungu le-swarm (Isethi yamakhompyutha axhunywe kunethiwekhi) onentshisekelo kufayela iqala ngokulanda izingcezu zalo (Ngizongena ngemininingwane ngalokho kamuva.) Lapho efinyelela izinga elithile lokukhishwa qala ukwabelana ngalawo mafayela namanye amaklayenti anentshisekelo kufayela elifanayo. Ngamanye amazwi, wonke umuntu olanda lelo fayela unikeza umkhawulokudonsa ukuze nabanye bakwazi ukuwulanda, okwandisa isivinini sabo bonke.

Landa amafayela ngephrothokholi ye-BitTorrent. Izindima.

Manje ngifuna ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe izingxenye ezihlukene zenethiwekhi ye-BitTorrent kanye nomsebenzi wazo.

I-tracker

I-tracker ye-BitTorrent Kuyiseva efake isofthiwe ephethe ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwamafayela phakathi kwabasebenzisi. Iseva eshiwo ngenhla ayibambisi amakhophi amafayela njengoba umsebenzi wayo uwukwenza ukuthi amapheya ahlangane.

Ukushintshanisa ulwazi, i-tracker kanye neklayenti basebenzisa iphrothokholi elula nge-HTTP efana naleyo yomsebenzisi ongena ekhasini lewebhu. Kulokhu kushintshaniswa, amaklayenti azisa i-tracker mayelana nefayela afuna ukulilanda, i-IP yayo kanye ne-port, futhi i-tracker iphendula ngohlu lontanga abalanda ifayela elifanayo kanye nolwazi lwabo lokuxhumana. Labo abakha uhlu oluseduze kwalolo ofuna ukuyengeza ekulandiseni benza “uquqaba” olushiwo ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, lesi sinyathelo singagwenywa kusukela amaklayenti e-BitTorrent asebenzise ubuchwepheshe be-Distributed Hash Table (DHT) lapho i-node ngayinye ithatha indima ye-tracker.

Ifayela lesifufula

Ebizwa nangokuthi i-metaninfo, inesandiso esithi .torrent futhi yisona esilandwa kumawebhusayithi amaningi aqoqa izifufula.

Leli fayela liqukethe ulwazi olufakwe ikhodi oluhlanganisa i-URL yesiseshi, igama lefayela, nama-hashe ezingxenye zefayela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi yiziphi ezilandiwe.. Ukuze udale leli fayela iklayenti le-BitTorrent lidinga indawo yefayela langempela kanye ne-url yesiseshi.

Izimbewu

Kusukela ngesikhathi ifayela lilayishwa ngokokuqala ngqa, ithimba laziwa njengomhlanyeli noma umhlwanyeli futhi kufanele lihlale lixhumene noswebezane kuze kube yilapho lonke uquqaba luba nekhophi yefayela ukuze abanye bakwazi ukuqhubeka nokulilanda. Isidlaliso somhlwanyeli siphinde sisetshenziswe kumakhasimende okuthi, ngemva kokulanda ifayela, asaxhumeke ngokugcwele ukuze avumele abanye ukuthi balifinyelele. Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi iphrothokholi inxephezela labo ababelana ngokuyibeka kuqala ekulandiseni.

Ama-leeches (ama-leeches)

Akudingekile ukuthi ilungu leqembu noma untanga libe nefayela lonke ukuze wabelane ngalo. Ontanga abangenayo ikhophi ephelele yefayela babizwa ngokuthi ama-leecher noma ama-leeches. Ama-leecher acela umkhondo ohlwini lwamanye amalungu oquqaba anezingxenye ezingekho zefayela. I-leecher izobe isiqhubeka nokulanda ingxenye edingekayo yeyodwa yalawo mapheya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-leecher izoqhubeka nokusabalalisa izingxenye okulandiwe kwazo sekuqediwe.Uma i-Leecher isilande zonke izingxenye, iyaziqinisekisa ngama-hashi akhona kufayela le-meta-information.

Esihlokweni esilandelayo sizokhuluma ngemithetho elawula ukusebenza phakathi kwamaqembu.