Ukugqwala noma ukugqwala-lang iwulimi lohlelo oluwumthombo wesimanje futhi oluvulekile, ngaphezu kokuba yi-multiplatform, kushesha futhi yakhelwe ukufaka esikhundleni se-C no-C ++.
Yenziwe yiMozilla futhi inokukhishwa kwezinga eliphezulu ukujabulisa nalabo abavela ku-C # naseJava.
Futhi akupheleli lapho, singabona izici eziningi ezithakazelisayo ezingabonakali kwezinye izilimi zokuhlela, okufana nezindleko eziphansi zero, ama-motion sematics, ukuphepha kwememori okuqinisekisiwe, isikhathi esincishisiwe sokwenza, njll
Mayelana nenguqulo entsha yeRust 1.30.0
Abathuthukisi beRust bamemezele inguqulo entsha 1.30.0 yolimi lwakho lokuhlela.
Le nguqulo entsha yolimi, ingeza izinhlobo ezintsha zama-macros enqubo, ichaza ukusebenza kwayo ngokuthi "ukusetshenziswa", futhi ithuthukise uhlelo lwemodyuli.
Izimfanelo nezinqubo ezifana nokusebenza kwe-macros yizengezo ezintsha kuRust 1.30.0.
Esokuqala sifana nesiko leDerive macros, kepha likuvumela ukuthi uchaze izimfanelo ezintsha nezingokwezifiso okungeziwe esikhundleni semfanelo "# [Thola]", ekuvumela ukuthi udale izimfanelo zakho ezintsha.
Futhi, azisebenzeli kuphela izakhiwo nama-enum, kepha nemisebenzi.
Olunye ushintsho nezinto ezintsha kuchaza isimemezelo esisemthethweni senguqulo yamanje, kanye namanothi ambalwa anemininingwane okukhishwa ku-Github.
Mayelana ne- "rustup update stable" kungaba inguqulo entsha yeRust.
Ukugqwala okungu-1.30 kuyanda kulokhu ngokungeza amandla okuchaza ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ezithuthukile zemacro, "Ama-macros enqubo afana nelungelo" ne "Ama-macros enqubo afana nomsebenzi".
Futhi ziguquguquka kalula - ukuthola kusebenza kuphela kwezakhiwo nama-enum, kepha izimfanelo zingaya kwenye indawo, njengemisebenzi.
Njengesibonelo sokusebenzisa imakro efana nemfanelo, ungahle ube nokuthile okufana nalokhu lapho usebenzisa uhlaka lohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu.
Ama-macros enqubo asebenzayo achaza ama-macros abukeka njengamakholi womsebenzi. Endabeni ye-SQL, lokhu kungaba yinto efana nale:
let sql = sql! (SELECT * FROM posts WHERE id = 1);
I-macro, ebonakalayo yiphuzu lesibabazo, izocwaninga isitatimende se-SQL esishumekiwe bese ihlola ukunemba kwe-syntactic, ngokusho kwesimemezelo senguqulo entsha. Ingachazwa ngokusebenzisa:
# [Proc_macro]
pub fn sql (input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {...}
Lapha, i-macro efana nomsebenzi ilandela i-Derive macro ngokuhlola ikhodi kubakaki bese ibuyisa ikhodi ezokwakhiwa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, umbhalo ongenhla "# [IMacro_use]" isetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa ama-macros ebhokisi langaphandle. Ingena esikhundleni sokusetshenziswa kwe- "use."
Kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lwemodyuli.
Akubalulekile kangako, onjiniyela bathuthukise uhlelo lwemodyuli noma bashintshe imithetho ethile enzima futhi engajwayelekile ye-syntax.
Kuze kube manje, kuqubuke izinkinga lapho abathuthukisi behambisa umsebenzi kusitatimende esingezansi ngaphandle kwesiqalo esithi "sebenzisa".
Rust muva nje uhlola indlela yokuthola ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi ngabe ibhokisi langaphandle. Uma kunjalo, izosetshenziswa kungakhathalekile ukuthi simi kuphi manje esigabeni sabaphathi bemodyuli.
Ukugqwala futhi kuvumelana nokusetshenziswa kwegama elingukhiye «ikesi». Isibonelo, "use crate :: foo :: bar;" kukhombisa ukuthi indlela eya emsebenzini we "bar" iqala ukusuka kumojula ye-foo kumkhombandlela wezimpande webhokisi, hhayi kusuka enkombeni yamanje.
Lokhu kuvumela, isibonelo, ukubiza umsebenzi wenombolo module engu-1 ngaphandle komsebenzi wenombolo yesigaba 2 ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i- "use".
Ungayifaka kanjani iRust 1.30.0 kuLinux?
Kulabo abanentshisekelo yokufaka iRust kumasistimu abo, kufanele balande iphakethe elidingekayo ku-distro yethu, ngoba lokhu sizosebenzisa i-curl:
curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
Ngalesi sifinyelela isiza futhi sisebenzisa iskripthi.
Uchungechunge lwezinketho luzosivulela esigungwini sethu futhi kufanele siphendule ngokufanele. Kufanele ucindezele u-1 ukuqhubeka nokufakwa ngamanani wokuzenzakalelayo, anconyelwa iningi.
Uma sesiqedile singalungisa igobolondo lethu lamanje ukuthi liqale ukusebenza:
source $HOME/.cargo/env
Futhi singaqala ukuyisebenzisa. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukubona inguqulo osanda kuyifaka futhi uhlole ukuthi konke kulungile:
rustc --version
Uma ufake iRust futhi ufuna ukubuyekeza enguqulweni entsha, kufanele uthayiphe:
rustup update stable