Ukugqwayiza kwe-3D ku-Linux? Kunjalo…

Kunabasebenzisi abaningi abazenzela okwabo Izithombe ze-3d ngendlela ye-amateur noma labo abazinikele kuyo ngendlela esezingeni elifanele. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukuze usebenze nalezi zinhlobo zemiklamo udinga ukuba nekhompyutha ye-Windows noma iMac ehhovisi lakho. Kepha akukho okunye okuvela eqinisweni, kwi-distro yakho ye-GNU / Linux kukhona isoftware enhle kakhulu.

Eqinisweni, kuhle izifundo zobungcweti Basebenzisile isoftware yamahhala njengeBlender emnandi futhi enamandla. Isebenza njenge-Elephants Dream, Big Buck Bunny, Sintel, Tears of Steel, Caminandes, Cosmos Laundromat, Glass Half, nokunye okude, kudalwe ngaleli thuluzi elihle ongalisebenzisa kusuka ku-distro yakho oyithandayo nangotshalomali lwe- € 0.

Kuyini ukugqwayiza kwe-3D?

Ukwazi okuthile mayelana ne-3D izithombe, okokuqala kufanele wazi okuthile ngemvelaphi yawo ...

… Umlando omncane

Ukugqwayiza kwe-3D kuyisiyalo ngaphakathi komklamo okungukuthi yaqala ngo-1972, lapho u-Edwin Catmull osemncane noFred Parke benza izithombe zokuqala ze-3D. Isikhathi lapho izithombe zendabuko zazifinyelela umkhawulo wazo futhi lapho le nqubo entsha yaletha umoya omusha, iziguqula yona ibe ngumbuso omkhulu wemboni yokubukwayo.

Eqinisweni, u-Ed Catmull wayeqale ukusebenzela uLucas Film, lapho afaka isandla khona emiphumeleni yokubuka ye-Star Wars. Kepha iphupho lakhe kwakungukusebenzisa amasu we-3D wezithombe ukuxoxa izindaba zakhe, ngakho-ke ngo-1986 isungulwe uPstrong kanye no-Alvy Ray. Futhi sonke siyazi impumelelo enkulu yama-movie aphume kulezi zitudiyo, njengeToy Story, Izilo, Izimoto, Iziphazamisi, iNemo, njll.

Mayelana nokugqwayiza kwe-3D

La izithombe zendabuko kuyikhono lokunikeza umuzwa wokuhamba ngezithombe ezimile. Lokhu yilokho okusetshenziselwa opopayi bakudala, noma i-anime (uhlobo olukhethekile lwezithombe ezi-Japan zakudala). Ukubheka le ncazelo, ukugqwayiza kwe-3D kuyindlela efuna into efanayo, kuphela enezithombe ezima nhlangothi-ntathu ngenhloso yokwenza uchungechunge, ama-movie, imidlalo yevidiyo, ukukhangisa, imiphumela ekhethekile yama-movie, iqiniso langempela, ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona noma okuxubile, ukulingisa kwesayensi, njll.

Ukuze lokho kwenzeke, isoftware iyadingekangikwazi ukudweba imidwebo futhi ngenze uchungechunge lwezibalo ngokuya ngokuqagela kweJiyomethri nezikhala ezinokubukeka okuthathu ukudala lezi zithombe.

Izinhlobo namasu

Kukhona eziningana izinhlobo ze-3D izithombe noma amasu. Okuyinhloko yilezi:

• Ongokoqobo: ukuhlanganisa ukugqwayiza kwe-3D ne-CGI (Izithombe ezenziwe ngekhompyutha) nemiphumela yokubuka noma i-VFX, ungathola izithombe zangempela ezisetshenziselwa amanye ama-movie noma imidlalo yevidiyo. Isibonelo, esetshenziswa kuma-movie amaningi afana ne-Lord of the Rings, Avatar, njll.
• Ikhathuni- Opopayi bendabuko be-2D bangenziwa futhi kusetshenziswa ukugqwayiza kwe-3D ukwengeza obunye ubukhulu kuyo futhi kuyinikeze ukubukeka okunamandla nokuyiqiniso. Isibonelo, i-Angry Birds movie.
• Isidlakela: kuyindlela ekhethekile yokugqwayiza ye-3D, lapho ezinye izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zinehaba futhi nemiklamo yenziwe lula. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi kwamanye ama-movie, njengeHotel Transylvania.

Izinqubo zokwakha

Njenganoma yimuphi umklamo, izithombe ze-3D zinokunye izigaba ezibalulekile lapho umbono ekugcineni uguqulwa ube ngopopayi be-3D. Lezo zigaba imvamisa:

1. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha: uma usunombono nesikripthi, uqala ukudweba imidwebo yokuthi abalingiswa noma izinto zizoba yini. Lesi sigaba sigcina ngokwakhiwa kwebhodi lezindaba, okusho ukuthi, ibhodi lezindaba.
2. Ukukhiqiza: ngakho konke okungenhla, ukwakheka kuqala ukwenziwa ngekhompyutha kusetshenziswa isoftware. Ngaphakathi kwale nqubo kunezinyathelo eziningana, ezifana nalokho okwenziwa yikhadi lemidwebo noma i-GPU lapho kubuyiswa kabusha ihluzo:
   1. Ukumodela: izinto noma abalingiswa besigcawu noma ukufaniswa kuklanywe ngobukhulu obuthathu.
   2. Izinto zokwakheka nokwakheka: lapha lezi zinhlobo zinikezwa ukuthungwa noma uhlobo lwento. Lokho kubanikeza umbala nezakhiwo zokugqwayiza. Isibonelo, uma zenziwe ngensimbi, zingaba nochungechunge lokukhanya okukhanyayo, noma zingaba yizinto ezisobala, njll.
   3. I-Iluminación: yisiteji lapho ukwenziwa kokulingisa okukhanyiselwe izigcawu. Isibonelo, uma kukhona ilambu likagesi, noma uma kuyisigcawu ngaphansi kwelanga, njll.
   4. Ukugqwayiza: yisinyathelo lapho isoftware isetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukunyakaza kwezinto ezenziwe noma izinhlamvu. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwento, ingakhubazeka noma ihanjiswe ngemiphumela ethile noma eminye. Isibonelo, uma kunguketshezi njengamanzi, kuzoba nokunyakaza nokuziphatha okuthile.
   5. Nikeza: Kuyinqubo esinda kunazo zonke, lapho kudingeka khona amapulazi we-server noma ama-supercomputing ukukhiqiza ukubala ukudala ukugqwayiza kokugcina kwe-3D. Kodwa-ke, uma kuwukufanisa noma kufushane kungenziwa nge-PC ejwayelekile ... Kepha, isibonelo, uPstrong usebenzisa ama-supercomputer anamandla kumafilimu awo.
3. Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa: izithombe ezihanjisiwe ziyathathwa ziphinde zenziwe kabusha, zi-odolwe, zidluliswe kwezinye izihlungi, eminye imiphumela iyangezwa, bese kutholwa umphumela wokugcina.

Isoftware ye-3D animation ngaphansi kwe-Linux

Uma unquma ukuqala ngokugqwayiza kwe-3D ku-GNU / Linux, kufanele wazi ukuthi zikhona amanye amaphakheji wesoft epholile ongaqala ngayo futhi wakhe imisebenzi yobuchwepheshe ngokuphelele.

Uhlu lwa izinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu wezithombe ze-3D ku-Linux yilezi:

• blender: Luhlelo oluhamba phambili lokugqwayiza lwe-3D lweLinux futhi oluthandwa iningi. Inenjini enamandla yokunikezela ukusebenza nayo yomibili i-CPU kanye ne-GPU ukusheshisa inqubo, isikhombimsebenzisi esiphelele esigcwele amathuluzi wokumodela we-3D kanye ne-2D, ukukhanyisa, izinto zokwakha, imisebenzi ye-VFX, amathuluzi wokugqwayiza nokubopha, njll.
• Amaphiko we-3D: ngelinye lamathuluzi okhono akhona, anomthamo wokumodela, ukukhanyisa, okokusebenza kanye nokwakheka, yize kungasekeli inqubo yokugqwayiza uqobo.
• K-3D- Elinye ithuluzi lamahhala njengaleli elingenhla ongalihlanganisa kusuka kukhodi yomthombo. Ithuluzi elinamandla labaculi abanekhono lokumodela nopopayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iguquguquka kakhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ungeze amakhono amasha ngenxa yama-plugins.

Funda izithombe ze-3D

Uma uyithandile futhi namanje awazi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani qala ukufunda mayelana nokugqwayiza kwe-3D, kufanele wazi ukuthi kunezinsizakusebenza eziningi ongazifunda. Njengokuthakazelisa okuthile izinga lokugqwayiza, i-online master degree, izifundo zokuqeqesha, amabhukwana, njll. Ngazo uzoqala phansi futhi uzothola izinga eliphakeme lesipiliyoni lokwenza umsebenzi onzima kakhulu.

Lezi zinhlobo zezifundo zokuqeqesha zivame ukukunikeza ngamakhono ayisisekelo adingekayo ukuze uqale ukuhamba ezweni lobuciko kanye ne-3D animation. Njengenjwayelo, bazokufundisa:

• Sebenzisa i-3D animation software ngayo yonke imisebenzi yayo namathuluzi.
• Ukwazi ukudweba noma yiluphi uhlobo lomklamo, unikeze ukunyakaza futhi unikeze ukuxoxa indaba (ukulandisa okubukwayo nokubukwayo) noma ukulingisa.
• Thuthukisa amakhono akho okudala ukuze ubhekane namaphrojekthi amasha.
• Sebenza ezinye iziyalo ezengeziwe ezidingekayo, njll.

Kwazi bani? Mhlawumbe uyi-animator yesikhathi esizayo ye-movie ethile ebalulekile Ukugqwayiza kwe-3D. Ngiyazi abanye abantu abasebenza ku-VFX njengamanje kanye nokugqwayiza, futhi lapho beqala ukufunda bebengasoze bacabange ukuthi bagcina sebesebenzaphi noma amaphrojekthi adumile ababambe iqhaza kuwo ...