Ngabe kukhona esingakwenza ukuze singalahlekelwa ngumsebenzi omningi kusuka kumachashazi eMeltdown neSpecter?

U-Intel wayefuna ukukuxolela lokho Ukuncibilika kanye neSpecter kwakuyinkinga yakhe, wabe eselungisa futhi wenza isitatimende esidlangalaleni lapho acaphuna khona i-AMD ne-ARM njengabalingani bezobuchwepheshe ayesebenzisana nabo ukuxazulula inkinga futhi ngaleyo ndlela abakhombise futhi, kepha womabili ama-ARM ne-AMD akunjalo ethintekile ngenxa yalokhu kuba sengozini njenge-Intel, ngoba iMeltdown icishe ibe ye-Intel microprocessors (namanye ama-ARMs) ne-Specter ithinta ama-microprocessors amaningi, kepha hhayi ezingeni elifanayo futhi i-Intel iphinde ithathe ingxenye ebi kakhulu.

Nabo basheshe bakusho lokho ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kungacishe kungabi bikho, ukuthi abasebenzisi ngeke bakuqaphele ngemuva kokufaka ama-patches. Futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi akukho ukulahleka okuphawuleka njengokulindelekile ezimweni eziningi, kepha kuyiqiniso ukuthi kuya ngesizukulwane se-chip yakho ukulahleka kungaba kuncane noma kube kubi impela. Sebevele bakubona futhi manje sebenze ezinye izivivinyo ngamabhentshimakhi ukubala ukulahleka ongaba nakho ku-Intel ngemuva kokufaka amabala ahambisanayo kusistimu yakho, futhi yize izivivinyo zenziwa ngeMicrosoft Windows, yeLinux ne ezinye izinhlelo ezinjenge-macOS zizofana ...

Ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza okulinganiselwayo ...

Njengoba ngisho, lokho kulahleka kokusebenza okungama-30% akufani nalokho, okungenani kumamodeli wakamuva we-CPU akhishiwe. Ngenkathi i-chip yakho endala, ukulahleka kokusebenza okuningi Kuzosho ukuvuselelwa ngamamaki we-Meltdown ne-Specter. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe yi-Intel kufanele kuthathwe ngezimbiwa, ngoba ngicabanga ukuthi amabhentshimakhi akhethiwe azuzisa umkhiqizi futhi awazange abekwe esimweni esibi kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho izilinganiso zenziwa kucatshangelwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zansuku zonke ezisetshenziswa ngumsebenzisi , kepha njengoba wazi kuye ngesoftware kungahluka.

I-Intel iphinde yenze enye inkohliso yezilinganiso, futhi lokho sebenzisa amashayela we-SSD kuyo yonke imishini ayisebenzisile, into ezoba ngenye yezinto esingazithuthukisa ngazo ukulwa nomthelela. Yebo, uma siguqula i-HDD ye-SSD, isivinini sokufinyelela salokhu sakamuva sizoshesha kakhulu futhi ukukhipha i-TLB kungasho ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kunalokho okunganikezwa kwi-hard disk evamile. Ngakho-ke, uma une-HDD imininingwane evela kulezi zivivinyo ze-Intel inethemba elikhulu futhi akufanele ulindele ukuthola idatha kusuka kulawa mabhentshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa akukwenziwanga ngawo wonke amamodeli kepha bakhethe isizukulwane ngasinye, ngicabanga ukuthi baphinde bakhetha labo abakhombisa idatha enhle kakhulu yesithombe somkhiqizo.

Imiphumela bekulokhu:

• I-Intel Core 8th Generation (IKaby Lake neChibi Lake): Kulinganiselwa ukuthi umthelela wokusebenza okujwayelekile uzoba ngu-6% emisebenzini eminingi nakuzinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ezinjengokwenza ikhodi yeJavaScript ungabona ukulahlekelwa okufika ku-10%.
• Isizukulwane se-Intel Core 7th (Kaby Lake-H): lapha ngezicelo zehhovisi nabanye ukusebenza kuzokwehla ngo-7%, iphuzu elilodwa ngaphezulu kunasesimweni esedlule futhi esimweni sezicelo zewebhu kuzophinde kukhule kancane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-8.
• Isizukulwane sesi-6 se-Intel Core (Skylake-S): cishe i-8% imvamisa… Kepha esivivinyweni esithile esibizwa nge-Responsiveness kusuka ku-SYSMark 2014 SE, kutholakala ukulahleka okufika kuma-79% noma ngabe kusetshenziswa i-SSD.
• Intel ngaphambi kwalokhuYebo, azikho izivivinyo ezenziwayo okwamanje, okungenani hhayi ezomphakathi, kepha ngesizukulwane ngasinye kufanele ungeze amaphuzu amaningi okulahleka kulokho okubonwe kulezi ezintathu zokugcina, ngoba lezi ezintathu zokugcina kufanele kube yilezo lapho ukulahlekelwa kuncane kakhulu. Kuthiwani ngabaprosesa abavela eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ngokwesibonelo? Sizobona impendulo yabasebenzisi ...

Ngemithwalo yomsebenzi evivinywa yi-Intel ukulahleka kuyilezo zalezozizukulwane, kepha ...futhi ngemithwalo ephezulu yomsebenzi? Ngicabanga ukuthi kuzoba nezimpikiswano eziningi ezivela kubasebenzisi abanganelisekanga maduzane. Vele, ama-gamers angathula kancane ngoba imidlalo yevidiyo ayidingi izingcingo eziningi kakhulu ohlelweni lokusebenza kwazo, ukwehla kokusebenza kwazo akubonakali kangako futhi kungaba cishe ku-2% kanti i-FPS ayilimazi neze.

Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza ngokubuka ngokomzimba?

Ngokuqondene ne i-hardware singatshala imali encane ukukhokhela ukulahleka kokusebenza:

• CPU: singathuthukisa i-CPU iye kumodeli yesimanjemanje uma isokhethi ne-chipset yethu iyayisekela, ngakho-ke izinzuzo zokufaka ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zesimanje noma iprosesa enezici eziphakeme zingakufihla lokhu kulahleka kokusebenza, yize kusobala ukuthi kufana ne-chip yakho yangaphambilini okusha kuzoba nokulahleka kokusebenza okuhlobene nohlelo olungafakwanga. Into enengqondo bekungeke kube ukuvuselela i-microprocessor ngaphandle kokuthi sinayo endala kakhulu futhi ukulahleka kuyaziwa futhi sesivele sikwehlisiwe ukuze sicabange ngoshintsho.
• RAM: Ukunweba i-RAM nakho bekungeke kulimaze, ngoba besingakhuphula ukusebenza kancane futhi senze ukulahleka kokusebenza kubekezeleleke. Kulokhu, mhlawumbe kungenxa yalabo abane-microprocessor yesimanjemanje futhi abangafuni ukuyiguqula kepha ukukhishwa kwemali engeqile kakhulu singaqhathanisa imodyuli entsha ngaleyo ndlela sigweme ukusetshenziswa kwememori yesibili (i-SWAP) ukugcina inqubo idatha nokuthi i-microprocessor ithatha imijikelezo ethe xaxa ukuphuma ku-TLB.
• Ukushayela kanzima: Kungaba futhi inketho enhle ukufaka i-SSD kwimishini yethu, lokhu kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza ngokunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokufinyelela kule memori maqondana nama-HDD. Kungakho ukusebenza komthelela kuma-SSD kuzoba kuncane kakhulu, yingakho i-Intel ibasebenzisele ukwenza izivivinyo. Ungahlala ushiya i-HDD yakho njengediski yedatha ne-SSD yesoftware.
• Ukungena ngokweqile: Uma nje wazi okwenzayo, mhlawumbe manje yisikhathi esihle sokubheja ngokweqile isistimu yakho ukuthola ama-megahertz angamakhulu ambalwa avuliwe ku-CPU yakho ... Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi lokhu kungadala izinkinga zokuzinza kwezinye ama-chip futhi ikakhulukazi kufanele uthuthukise ukupholisa, ngakho-ke futhi kuzosho izindleko zezomnotho.

Impela alukho ushintsho lwehadiwe olushibhile kakhulu, futhi uma sifuna ukuthola ingxenye yokusebenza, kuzofanele sisebenzise imali. Ngokusobala akubona bonke abasebenzisi abadinga ukwenza lokhu, kuphela labo ukusebenza kwabo okubaluleke kakhulu. Futhi, uma i-CPU yakho ivela ezizukulwaneni zokugcina, uyabona ukuthi ukulahleka akukukhulu kangako, futhi kufanele ucabangele kuphela ushintsho lwezinto lapho okokusebenza kwakho sekudala noma lapho izinhlelo ozisebenzisayo ziqaphela kakhulu ukulimala kwamabala yolwazi, njll.

Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kwesoftware?

Kulahlwa ukukhishwa kwemali kokuthinta i-hardware yethu kufanele sizibuze ukuthi ngabe ngehadiwe efanayo esinayo kukhona esingakwenza ekusatshalalisweni kwethu kwe-GNU / Linux ukuze ukulahleka kokusebenza kungabonakali kangako. Impendulo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona esingakwenza futhi kungumkhuba wokuthi ngokushintsha izilungiselelo kungasiza ukusebenza. Futhi impela okunye kwalokhu kulungiselelwa osuvele uyakwazi:

• AMD: Uma une-CPU ye-AMD kufanele ugweme ukumakwa, yize lokhu kuyingozi, ngoba lawa machips awanayo ngokuphelele i-Specter kepha kuyiqiniso ukuthi ubungozi buphansi kakhulu ngenxa yokwehluka kokwakhiwa phakathi kwe-Intel ne-AMD ... Ngokushesha noma kamuva ikernel izofika lapho usuvele unalezi zigcawu ze-serial futhi bekungeke kube kuhle ukusebenzisa i-kernel ngaphandle kokubuyekeza ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona. Okuhle kakhulu yindlela yokulungiselela ukukhubaza lokhu kuma-CPU athile ...
• Ukuhwebelana: Ngeke ngithinte ikakhulukazi ipharamitha ye-kernel maqondana ne-Cache Pressure, kepha singaguqula iSwappiness ikakhulukazi uma sine-HDD, ngoba esimweni sokuba ne-SSD umehluko uzoba mncane. Inani lamaSwappines lenza ukuthi i-kernel iguqule ukubekwa phambili kokusetshenziswa kwe-RAM / SWAP. Inani elingu-0 noma eliphansi lisho ukuthi i-SWAP ngeke isetshenziswe kakhulu ngakho-ke izozuza kancane ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza ngemuva kokufaka izingcezu zeSpecter neMeltdown. Kodwa-ke, kungakuhle ukuthi ube ne-RAM enkulu ukuze lesi sinyathelo singathinti ukusebenza ngakolunye uhlangothi. Uma unomthamo omuhle we-RAM ne-HDD, gwema amanani aphezulu noma asondele ku-100 ngoba azosebenzisa kakhulu ukwahlukaniswa kwe-swap SWAP futhi azoshiya i-RAM ingenalutho, ngakho-ke kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukufinyelela idatha nemiyalo egcinwe lapho . Ukubona inani lamanje le-Swappiness yakho singasebenzisa i-cat concatenator futhi siguqule inani le-sysctl, ngokwesibonelo ukubeka ukusetshenziswa kwe-10% kwe-SWAP kanye ne-90% ye-RAM:

cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

sysctl -w vm.swappiness=10

• Usar izindawo zedeskithophu engasindi noma ukukhipha ngokuphelele imvelo yokuqhafaza, lapho kunokwenzeka futhi umsebenzisi azizwe ekhululekile ngemodi yombhalo, kuyisixazululo esinamandla kepha esinikela kakhulu ekusebenzeni. Uma kuwe ungafuni ukunikela ngezinzuzo zama-GUI, ungakhetha i-distro engasindi. Khumbula ukuthi noma yimuphi umthwalo owususayo usho izinsiza zamahhala ezingasetshenziselwa ezinye izinhloso.
• Futhi ngalokhu engikuphawulile esigabeni esedlule ukusho ukuthi futhi kungaba ngumqondo omuhle ukuvimba wonke lawo madimoni izinsizakalo esingazisebenzisi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza, kepha nokuphepha. Umyalo wokubulala ungaba futhi umlingani wakho wokubulala izinqubo ezingadingekile.
• Uma ungazi ukuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani i-SELinux kungcono ukuthi ungayisebenzisi, khetha ezinye izindlela zokuphepha. Yize ithuthukisa ukuphepha kakhulu kepha inzima kakhulu, futhi uma ihlelwe ngokungafanele ingahle ingakufanele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokusebenza okungadala lokho.
• Hlanganisa njalo isoftware kusuka kumthomboUngasebenzisa futhi amafulegi athile wokuhlanganisa ukwenza imiyalo ye-CPU yakho ethile, ezothuthukisa ukusebenza.
• Setha i- kernel njengokukhanya ngangokunokwenzeka ukususa bonke labo balawuli esingazisebenzisi ukuze singenzi isithombe esikhulu kakhulu, futhi uma kungokwesibili, ungabamaki ukuze bafakwe ngaphakathi kwe-kenel, kepha njengamamojula. Izinketho zokumisa ezihlobene ne-CPU ozozithola ku-config nazo zingenza umsebenzi ube mkhulu.
• Khetha uhlelo oluhle lwefayela:
  • i-btrfs: ukusebenza okuhle ngokujwayelekile, kungcono kakhulu kune-ext4 ngakho-ke kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu.
  • ext4: ukusebenza okuhle kukonke.
  • I-JFS: Kusetshenziswa okuncane kakhulu kwe-CPU, ngakho-ke kuyindlela ongayibheka.
  • I-XFS: uma uphatha amafayela amakhulu kakhulu, njenge-database kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenza kwawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile kungaba yingozi ngoba ukusebenza kwayo kubi ngamafayela amancane.
  • I-ReiserFS: okuphambene nokwedlule, ukusebenza okuhle kwamafayela amancane.
• Angikeluleki ukuthi ugcine izikhala zememori ze-RAM bese ufaka uhlobo oluthile lwe-FS lapho njengenye indlela ye-SSD noma ulayishe i / tmp lapho, ngoba kuyiqiniso ukuthi izothuthukisa isikhathi sokufinyelela saleyo datha ebanjelwe lapho kodwa futhi izosebenzisa i-CPU eningi. Ngakho-ke gwema lolu hlobo lomkhuba noma usebenzise ikhompiyutha, njll.
• Kukhona futhi isoftware eqinisa ukusebenza wesistimu yethu, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukusebenzisa le software yokulungisa ngezikhathi ezithile ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Isibonelo verynice ... Futhi manje njengoba sengibhale leli gama ngisanda kukhumbula imiyalo efana neNice, renice ne-ionice engasebenza kakhulu kulezi zimo. Sesivele sikhulume ngabo ku-LxA.
• Kukhona futhi tricks online ngezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene, uma usebenzisa noma ikuphi kaningi ungabheka la maqhinga ukuwasheshisa. Isibonelo seFirefox, LibreOffice, SSH, njll.

Ungakhohlwa ukushiya ifayela lakho le- ukuphawula, ukungabaza noma iziphakamiso...