En los izihloko ezimbili ezedlule sibone indlela umsebenzi ka-Alan Turing, uClaude Shannon, noJohn von Neuman okwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ngayo ukwakha amakhompyutha akwazi ukusingatha ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Nokho, konkeizinhlelo bekusamele zidalwe ezikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi. Yingakho kulokhu okuthunyelwe sichaza indlela yesofthiwe kusukela ekulingiseni kwengxoxo yokuqala kuya kumamodeli wezilimi zamanje.
U-Alan Turing ube ngowokuqala ukuchaza indlela yokunquma impumelelo yalolu hlobo lohlelo. Inkinga ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Turing kubonise ikhono lokuhlela kuphela, hhayi ukuthi sasibhekene nalokho okungabizwa ngokuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Indlela yesoftware
Nakuba incazelo kaMarvin Minsky idinga ukuthi ukuze kubhekwe njengokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa umshini kufanele wenze umsebenzi ofanayo nalowo owenziwa umuntu udinga ikhono lokucabanga, ukuhlolwa kwe-Turing kubuza kuphela ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukunquma ukuthi umkhulumeli wakhe ukhona noma cha.
Nakuba i-ELIZA, uhlelo lwekhompiyutha olwabhalwa maphakathi nawo-60, lwalungahloselwe ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwe-Turing, yalusebenzisa. wabeka izisekelo zezinhlelo eziningi ezingazama ukwenza kanjalo. Uhlelo lwathatha indima kadokotela wengqondo ebuza uchungechunge lwemibuzo esigulini mayelana nezihloko ezivamile ezifana nomndeni, abangani, noma isimo sengqondo. Ngokwezimpendulo, uqhubekile nokulandela umugqa osusungulwe ngaphambilini.
No-ELIZA (kanye nanoma iyiphi enye isoftware) ibingeke ibe khona ngaphandle kwemisebenzi kathisha wezibalo ozifundisa yena ogama lakhe lingu. UGeorge Boole owaqala ngekhulu le-XNUMX ukutadisha ukuhunyushelwa emibhalweni yezibalo yenqubo yokucabanga yomuntu. Ngalokhu, wahlaziya indlela yokuhlanganisa izinto ngamakilasi nokuthi kwenzekani lapho lezi zifundo zihlanganiswa nezinye. Wabe esenikeza izimpawu ngayinye yalabo budlelwano.
Kusukela ekwenzeni kube semthethweni kuya empendulweni
Uma izinto zesethi zishintshwa iziqinisekiso futhi sisungula ubudlelwano obuthathu obungaba khona phakathi kwazo (FUTHI, NOMA kanye HHAYI) sesivele sinendlela yokuwahlukanisa abe elinye lamaqembu amabili (Iqiniso noma Amanga).
Nokho, imisebenzi kaBoole yayingezinhle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezicelo. Kwakudingeka indlela yokuchaza imiqondo evamile. Okusho ukuthi, zingaba yiqiniso noma zingamanga kuye ngezimo.
Ukuze kuqondwe. Imisebenzi ye-Boolean ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokugomela
U-Diego ungum-Argentina futhi ubhala ku Linux Adictos
Kodwa awukwazi ukwenza lutho nge:
U-X ngu... futhi ubhala ngo-Z.
Kulokhu, kwadingeka silinde kuze kube yiminyaka yawo-70, lapho uprofesa waseJalimane okuthiwa uFrege wethula umqondo wezilandiso. Isilandiso yisitatimende esingachazwa njengeqiniso noma amanga kuye ngezimo.
Diego, I-Argentinian y I-Linux Addicts yizinhlangano ezingelona iqiniso noma amanga, kodwa kuye ngokuthi zihlanganiswa kanjani kusilandiso zizokwenza kube njalo.
UFreje wengeze izinkulumo ezimbili nezimpawu zazo ezihambisanayo:
Kukho konke (Kubonisa ukuthi wonke amanani okuguquguquka ahlangabezana nombandela)
Kukhona ... kanjalo (Kusho ukuthi kukhona okungenani into eyodwa ezokwanelisa umbandela.
ithiyori yempendulo
Umnikelo omkhulu olandelayo ekwakhiweni kwe-Artificial Intelligence wawungewona wezibalo, wawuvela ku-Biology. UNorbert Wiener, umsunguli weCybernetics, wayenentshisekelo kumaphuzu afanayo phakathi koBunjiniyela kanye neBiology. Yileso sithakazelo esamholela ekubeni ahlaziye ukuthi izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele zazigcina kanjani izinga lokushisa lazo lingashintshi naphezu kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa endaweni. U-Wiener uveze ukuthi kulokhu nakwezinye izimo izindlela zokuphendula zazisebenza. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho kuthola ulwazi, impendulo yakhiqizwa ukuze ivumelane nayo.
Eqhubeka, waqinisekisa ukuthi ukuziphatha okuhlakaniphile akuyona into engaphezu kwemiphumela yezindlela zokuphendula. Ngamanye amazwi, singaphetha ngokuthi Ubuhlakani (bemvelo noma okwenziwayo) bumayelana nokuqoqa ulwazi, ukulucubungula, ukwenza ngomphumela, kanye nokuphinda inqubo.