Ukunikezwa kwesizinda se-.amazon enkampanini yase-Amazon kwaveza imibhikisho. I-Amazon ibilokhu ifuna amalungelo akhethekile egameni lesizinda .amazon kusukela ngo-2012. Kodwa amazwe esifunda sase-Amazon aphakamisa ukuphikisa. Omongameli basePeru, Colombia, Ecuador naseBolivia basigxeka isinqumo senhlangano ephethe umthetho olandelwayo we-Intanethi
Abaholi abane - iMartín Vizcarra yasePeru, iColombia i-Iván Duque, uLenin Moreno wase-Ecuador no-Evo Morales waseBolivia - bathembisa ukujoyina amabutho. Bakholelwa ukuthi kufanele bavikele amazwe abo kulokho abakuchaze njengokwenele ukuphatha i-Intanethi.
Isizathu semibhikisho ngokunikezwa kwesizinda se-.amazon
Ngokusho kwabaholi, lesi sinqumo sibeka isibonelo esibi kakhulu ngoba:
"Ibeka phambili intshisekelo yezentengiselwano yangasese kunokucatshangelwa kwezinqubomgomo zomphakathi zombuso, amalungelo abantu bomdabu nokulondolozwa kwe-Amazon",
Lesi sitatimende senziwe eLima ngemuva komhlangano webhizinisi lesifunda soMphakathi wase-Andes.
Ngesonto eledlule, i- I-Internet Corporation Yamagama Nezinombolo Ezabelwe (ICANN) unikeze inkampani i-domain yesikhashana okwesikhashana. Noma kunjalo, isinqumo sokugcina sizokwenziwa ngemuva kokuthola imibono yabantu abathintekayo. Ukuvota kube yimiphumela ye- iminyaka eyisikhombisa yezingxoxo nezinqubo, nohulumeni bethi inkampani akufanele yaqanjwa ngegama lesifunda kanye nenkampani kaJeff Bezos bephikisana nokuthi ihambisane nazo zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo.
Yini i-ICANN futhi isebenza kanjani?
Ekuqaleni, iphayona le-Intanethi uJon Postel ubephethe amaseva ezimpande aphethe amagama wesizinda namakheli e-IP. UPostel nguyena onqume ukwabiwa ngomthetho wokuthi owokuqala azowubuza owokuqala ukuwuthola, inqobo nje uma isicelo sizwakala. Ngenkathi i-Intanethi ikhula, kwenziwa inhlangano yokwakha inqubo kahulumeni ehlelekile yokuphathwa kwalezi zinsizakusebenza. Ukushona kukaJon Postel kusheshise inqubo futhi kwaqala isinqumo soMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US nabanye ukungenelela ekwakhiweni kwe-ICANN.
I-ICANN injalo inhlangano engenzi nzuzo eyakhiwe imikhakha ehlukene ehlobene ne-Intanethi. Ekuqaleni yadalwa ngaphansi komjikelezo woMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US. Amalungu ayo afaka izinhlangano zokubhaliswa kwesizinda sendawo. Kukhona nabamele abasebenzisi, izinkampani kanye nohulumeni. La maqembu amelwe ebhodini labaqondisi elibhunga futhi lenze izinqumo eziningi ezibalulekile maqondana namagama nezinombolo ezikwi-Intanethi.
I-ICANN ayilawulwa ohulumeni abanjenge-United Nations noma i-International Telecommunications Union (ITU), kunalokho, ohulumeni bayingxenye yomsebenzi wokweluleka kuphela: i-Government Advisory Council (GAC). Lokhu kwenza izinqumo zabo zibe ngentando yeningi kakhulu kunezinhlangano zendabuko zohulumeni.
Ezinye izimpikiswano
Akuyona impikiswano yokuqala ukuthi ibhizinisi libhekane nayo.
Ngo-2005, ukuvunyelwa kwe- .cat kwamasayithi ngesiCatalan kwathola ukugxekwa okukhulu. Amalungu amaningana ayekhathazekile ngokuthi kwakungukuqala kokufakwa kwezombusazwe ezizindeni eziphezulu. Njengoba babecabanga ukuthi isinqumo se-ICANN sasetshenziswa njengezimpikiswano ngokunyakaza kwama-separatist.
Esinye isizinda esingqubuzanayo kwakuyi-.xxx. Abanye ohulumeni babecabanga ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi zizokwanda. Umphakathi wamaKrestu osadla ngoludala e-US wethule umkhankaso wokubhalela izincwadi i-ICANN nosopolitiki ukuvimba ukwamukelwa. I-ICM, inkampani ephakamisa isizinda, iphakamise ukuthi i-.xxx izovumela ukuthi benze umsebenzi wabo kangcono, kufaka phakathi ukuvimbela ukwephulwa kwe-copyright nezinye izinto ezingekho emthethweni, nokwenza indlela yokuphoqelela ukuzijabulisa kwabantu abadala.
Isiphakamiso safakwa ngo-2000 saphinde sahanjiswa ngo-2004. Ngo-2008, i-ICM yafaka isicelo kwi-International Centre for Dispute Resolution. Ivoti elisha ngo-2009 lasichitha isicelo ngamavoti angu-9 laya ku-5 kwathi isizinda savotelwa futhi ngo-2009. Ekugcineni, ngo-2011, i-ICANN yavuma isizinda esisezingeni eliphezulu .xxx.