Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngabacwaningi abahlanu baseNorthwestern University, UC Santa Barbara kanye noMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States, ukuvezile lokho ekubaleni Yakhiwe izikhungo zanamuhla zedatha zikhuphule ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwamandla ngo-6% kuphela phakathi kuka-2010 no-2018.
Ngalokhu basivezela ukuthi lezi zikhungo zedatha ckuthathwe amahora angama-205 we-terawatt Okwegesi, lokhu kubonisa 1% ukusetshenziswa komhlaba yamandla kagesi, inani elilinganayo nelango-2010. Konke lokhu kuzuzisa ekusebenzeni kahle kwedatha, ngenxa yokusebenza kwamandla athuthukisiwe kanye nokufudukela kwikhompyutha.
Yize lolu cwaningo luphikisana nokucwasa okuthile nezinkolelo zokuthi izikhungo zedatha zishiya umkhondo wekhabhoni olingana nalowo wemboni yezindiza.
Njengoba ochwepheshe abaningi beshilo iminyaka edlule ukusetshenziswa kwedatha esikhungweni sedatha kufanele kuphindwe kabili njalo eminyakeni emine, okungaholela ekuphindaphindweni kathathu kwesabelo somhlaba jikelele sokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi kwalezi zikhungo eminyakeni eyishumi nje kuphela, kepha kubonakala sengathi ngedatha entsha yocwaningo olushicilelwe kulo nyaka zingaphansi kakhulu kwalezi zibalo.
Ngokusho komunye wabaphenyi abenze isifundo kulo nyaka we-2020, uJonathan Koomey, ukwengeza okulula kwedatha okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kokuqagela kokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kwesikhungo sedatha kunokwenzelela, le ndlela ayithathi ngokucabangela ukuzuza kwamandla.
Akufanele kunqatshwe ukuthi lawa madivayisi, yize edla amandla amaningi cishe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, manje enza izibalo eziningi ngehora ngalinye le-watt elisetshenzisiwe, ngaphezu kokubheka lokho ngokuthuthuka okukhulu okucacile kuma-processor, isikhathi ngasinye isebenza ukuze amandla owasebenzisayo aphansi.
Eqinisweni, izinhlelo zesimanje zengqalasizinda yedatha yedatha, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokupholisa namandla, zisebenza kahle kakhulu kunakuqala.
Lokho kusho, ukuncipha kwamandla asetshenzisiwe njengomphumela kwanele ukuqeda ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kwalawa madivayisi wekhompyutha.
Lokhu kukhathaza kakhulu izikhungo zedatha yamafu njengamanje ezisingatha ama-89% ezimeko zokubala, ngenkathi ngo-2010, ama-79% ezimeko zekhompyutha zomhlaba zazisezikhungweni zedatha zendabuko.
Njengamanje, kunokufuduka okukhulu okuya ezikhungweni ezintsha kwenziwe ngabahlinzeki benkonzo yamafu, njenge-Google Cloud, i-Amazon Web Services, ne-Microsoft Azure. Manje kuvela ukuthi izikhungo zedatha yamafu ezisetshenziselwe ukuthengisa zenzelwe kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhungo zedatha eziqhutshwa ngazinye yizinkampani.
Ukushicilelwa kwalolu cwaningo olusha kusuka kulo nyaka we-2020 kumagazini iSayensi kuza ngqo ngesikhathi i-European Union (i-EU) ihlela ukubeka amazinga wokusebenza kwamandla kubaqhubi abaphatha izikhungo zedatha eYurophu. Ngakho-ke, laba bahlinzeki bafuna i-EU ukuthi ikhuthaze izinkampani ukuthi zilahle ingqalasizinda yazo yakudala ukuze zifudukele ezindaweni zokuhweba.
Urs Hölzle, usekela mongameli wengqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe kwaGoogle, uthi:
Isibonelo, izikhungo zedatha zeGoogle zonga amandla ngokuphindwe kabili kunalezi zindawo zebhizinisi lendabuko. Ngokwengeziwe, uHölzle uphawula ukuthi i-Google njengamanje inikeza amandla aphindwe kasikhombisa wokusebenzisa amandla kunani elifanayo lamandla kagesi lawo izikhungo zawo zedatha ezawadla eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule.
Lo mkhuba oya ekusebenzeni kahle okukhulu okunamandla kubonakala kusabalele ezinkampanini ezinkulu I-Intanethi, kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, i-Facebook ne-Apple. A) Yebo, babenombono wokubeka izikhungo zabo zedatha ezifundeni ezinezimo ezibandayo ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okudingekayo ukupholisa izikhungo.
Lokhu futhi kusiza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ezidingweni ezisele zalezi zikhungo zedatha. Kunoma ikuphi, ukufuduka kokucutshungulwa kwedatha kwezinsizakalo zefu kungenye yezincomo eziyinhloko zalolu cwaningo lwango-2020.
Umthombo: https://science.sciencemag.org